RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Ultra-processed food products (UPF) have been related to chronic diseases (CD). Public health politics has been establishing strategies to decrease the consumption of these products in the country. OBJECTIVES: i) To assess the trend of the consumption of UPF between 2005 and 2015. (ii) its association with sociodemographic factors and the overall dietary content of nutrients related to CD in 2015. (iii) to estimate the Population Attributable Fraction of unhealthy nutrient intake in Colombia in 2015 due to ultra-processed food consumption. METHODS: We used data from the first (2005) and the last (2015) National Surveys of the Nutritional Status in Colombia. Food consumption was assessed using a 24-hour food recall. The NOVA classification classified the food items according to the extent and purpose of industrial processing. RESULTS: The consumption of processed and UPF increased in Colombia between 2005 and 2015. In 2015, no significant differences were found in the consumption of UPF between men and women but significant differences by age, wealth index, area of residence, and ethnicity (p<0.001). A significant positive association was found between the dietary share of UPF and the content of CD-related nutrients such as free sugars, total fats, saturated fats, trans-fats, and sodium. The prevalence of excessive intake of all CD-related nutrients (according to WHO recommendations) increased across quintiles of the dietary share of UPF. With the reduction of UPF consumption to the level seen among the 20% lowest consumers [1.0% (0-4.5%) of the total energy from UPF], the prevalence of excessive nutrient intake was almost three-fourths lower for trans fats; around one third lower for free sugar and saturated fats, 26% lower for sodium and 15% lower for total fat. CONCLUSIONS: In Colombia, the increasing trend in the consumption of UPF is associated with increasing intake of CD-related nutrients. Thus, reducing the consumption of UPF is a potentially effective way to achieve the nutritional goals of the WHO for the prevention of CD.
RESUMEN
Antecedentes. La mujer es agente de seguridad alimentaria nutricional (SAN) en su hogar. Objetivo. Determinar las estrategias utilizadas en las mujeres indígenas pertenecientes a la comunidad de los pastos y residente en Bogotá, para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria de sus familias. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de casos realizado con entrevistas semiestructuradas a 8 familias indígenas residentes en Bogotá. Resultados. Las estrategias utilizadas por las mujeres fueron: ayuda del estado por medio de comedores comunitarios y jardines infantiles, redes de apoyo que conforman las mujeres con el fin de obtener apoyo económico, moral y social, empleo, consumo insuficiente de alimentos por parte de la mujer para satisfacer las necesidades de su familia, reducción de tiempos de comida, obtener alimentos en promoción o en cosecha. Conclusiones. Este estudio confirmó que la mujer es la base de la SAN en sus familias, sin embargo algunas de las estrategias utilizadas limitan su derecho a la alimentación. Por otra parte el estudio se acercó a definir la relación entre SAN, etnia y género, la cual se ha investigado poco y posee en cada una de estas categorías un número importante de variables que dejan posibilidades para seguir investigando en la comprensión de sus relaciones.
Background. Bearing women has fundamental. Objective. Determining the strategies used by indigenous women from the Pasto community living in Bogotá for guaranteeing their families' food security. Materials and methods. A case study was used which involved semi-structured interviews with 8 indigenous families living in Bogotá. Results. The strategies used by the womens involved: state aid provided by means of community kitchens and kindergartens, support networks formed by the women themselves for obtaining economic, moral and social aid, working, the women deliberately consuming insufficient food to satisfy their families' needs, reducing meal times and obtaining food at reduced prices or during harvest. Conclusions. This study confirmed that women is the base of families' FNS; however, some of the strategies that they used limited their rights to food. The study also approached to defined the relationship between FNS, ethnicity and gender which has not been studied in depth to date. There are an important number of variables who need investigation.