New series of mononuclear ß-diketonate cerium(III) field induced single-molecule magnets.

Five new ß-diketonate Ce3+ mononuclear complexes, [Ce(Btfa)3(H2O)2] (1), [Ce(Btfa)3(phen)] (2), [Ce(Btfa)3(bipy)] (3), [Ce(Btfa)3(terpy)] (4) and [Ce(Btfa)3(bathophen)(DMF)] (5), where Btfa- = 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionate, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl, terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and bathophen = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, have been synthesized and structurally characterized through X-ray diffraction of single crystals. The central Ce3+ atom displays a coordination number of 8 for 1, 2 and 3 and of 9 for 4 and 5. Under a 0 T external magnetic field, none of the given compounds exhibits single molecule magnet (SMM) behaviour. However, a small magnetic field, between 0.02 and 0.1 T, is enough for all the compounds to exhibit slow relaxation of the magnetization. A comprehensive magnetic analysis, with experimental magnetic data and ab initio calculations, was undertaken for all the complexes, and the study highlights the significance of the different spin relaxation mechanisms that must be considered for a Ce3+ lanthanide ion.

Dinuclear enantiopure Ln3+ complexes with (S-) and (R-) 2-phenylbutyrate ligands. Luminescence, CPL and magnetic properties.

The reaction of Ln(NO3)2·6H2O (Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm and Yb) with the respective enantiopure (R)-(-)-2-phenylbutyric or (S)-(+)-2-phenylbutyric acid (R/S-2-HPhBut) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen) allows the isolation of chiral dinuclear compounds of the formula [Ln2(µ-R/S-2-PhBut)4(R/S-2PhBut)2(Bphen)2] where Ln = Nd3+ (R/S-Nd-a), Sm3+ (R/S-Sm-a), Eu3+ (R/S-Eu-a), Tb3+ (R/S-Tb-a and R/S-Tb-b), Dy3+ (R/S-Dy-a and R/S-Dy-b), Tm3+ (R/S-Tm-b) and Yb3+ (R/S-Yb-b). Single crystal X-ray diffraction was performed for compounds S-Eu-a and S-Tm-b. Powder crystal X-ray diffraction was performed for all complexes. From the crystallographic data two different structural motifs were found which are referred to as structure type a and structure type b. In structure type a, the Ln3+ atoms are bridged through four R or S-2-PhBut ligands with two different kinds of coordination modes whereas in structure type b the two Ln3+ atoms are bridged through four R or S-2-PhBut ligands showing only one kind of coordination mode. For those lanthanide ions exhibiting both structure types, Tb3+ and Dy3+, a difference in the luminescence and magnetism behavior is observed. All compounds (except R/S-Tm-b) exhibit sensitized luminescence, notably the Eu3+ and Tb3+ analogues. Circular Dichroism (CD) and Circular Polarized Luminescence (CPL) in the solid state and in 1 mM dichloromethane (DCM) solutions are reported, leading to improved chiroptical properties for the DCM solutions. The asymmetry factor (glum) in 1 mM DCM is ±0.02 (+ for R-Eu-a) for the magnetically allowed transition 5D0 → 7F1 and ±0.03 (+ for R-Tb-a and R-Tb-b) for the 5D4 → 7F5 transition. Magnetic properties of all compounds were studied and the Dy3+ compound with the structural motif b (R-Dy-b) shows Single Molecular Magnet (SMM) behavior under a 0 T magnetic field. However, R-Dy-a is a field-induced SMM.

Anatomía de la vía aérea para el broncoscopista. Una aproximación a la anestesia / Airway anatomy for the bronchoscopist: An anesthesia approach

Introducción: El conocimiento y desarrollo de habilidades en el manejo de la vía aérea es una de las competencias importantes en la formación del anestesiólogo; el «saber¼ y el «saber hacer bien y rápido¼ son determinantes en algunas situaciones críticas a las que se puede enfrentar durante el manejo anestésico. La broncoscopia es un procedimiento útil tanto diagnóstico como terapéutico. El conocimiento de la técnica y de la anatomía de la vía aérea constituye el pilar de la broncoscopia, encontrando diferentes variaciones anatómicas y clasificaciones de la vía aérea. Objetivo: Describir la anatomía de la vía aérea a través de esquemas, evaluar variaciones anatómicas y conocer características propias del procedimiento. Metodología: Con las palabras clave «Bronchoscopy¼, «Anatomy¼, «Airway¼ y «Anesthesia¼ se realizó una revisión no sistemática en bases de datos (PUBMED/MEDLINE, Science Direct, OVID, SciELO). Resultados y conclusiones: La broncoscopia es un procedimiento útil en el plano quirúrgico y diagnóstico, siendo utilizado en distintos procedimientos. Las variaciones anatómicas de la vía aérea se presentan en un porcentaje pequeño de la población. Las clasificaciones anatómicas son diversas tanto anatómica como numéricamente; sin embargo, lo relevante es desarrollar una relación espacial. La broncoscopia es una técnica que va en desarrollo paralelo a otros avances de la tecnología biomédica, es un procedimiento del cual el anestesiólogo debe investigar más con el fin de generar mejores efectos en el campo de la anestesiología.

Introduction: Knowledge and development of skills in the management of the airway is one of important competencies in the training of the anesthesiologist, "knowledge" and "know how well and fast" are decisive in some critical situations during the anesthetic management. Bronchoscopy is a useful both diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Knowledge of technique and the anatomy of the airway is the key of bronchoscopy, finding different anatomic variations and classifications of the airway. Objective: Describe the airway anatomy through diagrams, evaluate anatomic variations and characteristics of procedure. Methodology: With the keywords "Bronchoscopy" and "Anatomy", "Airway", "Anesthesia" held a non-systematic review databases (PUBMED/MEDLINE, OVID, Science Direct, SciELO). Results and conclusions: The bronchoscopy is a useful procedure in the surgical level and diagnosis, being used in various procedures. Airway anatomical variations occur in a small percentage of the population. Anatomical classifications are different both anatomic as numerically, but what is important is developing a spatial relation. Bronchoscopy is a technique that goes in parallel development of other advances in biomedical technology, is a procedure whereby the anesthesiologist should be investigated in order to generate better effects in the field of the anesthesiology.