NonSurgical Approach to Treat Lip Vascular Complication Caused by Hyaluronic Acid Filler.

ABSTRACT: The use of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers in lip augmentation represents today 1 of the most widely used nonsurgical aesthetic procedures in the world. Regarding the severe complications are rare, insufficient professional experience for recognizing signs of vascular impairment and inadequate technique could lead to severe lip skin necrosis complications. Several of existing treatment protocols in the literature to treat vascular complication are mainly based on the use of hyaluronidase. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on dosage, interval between doses and complementary protocol among the aforementioned studies. This case aims to present a conservative approach for the clinical management of serious vasculature complications with HA injection. A high dose of hyaluronidase(11500 IU) with additional multimodal treatment was performed to the upper lip, nasolabial fold, and nose that successfully reversed a vascular complication process. The present findings suggest that the use of high doses of hyaluronidase with the complementary protocol used herein might be a promising approach in the treatment of severe vascular complication in the lips caused by HA filling.

The Nrf2 Pathway in Ischemic Stroke: A Review.

Ischemic stroke, characterized by the sudden loss of blood flow in specific area(s) of the brain, is the leading cause of permanent disability and is among the leading causes of death worldwide. The only approved pharmacological treatment for acute ischemic stroke (intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator) has significant clinical limitations and does not consider the complex set of events taking place after the onset of ischemic stroke (ischemic cascade), which is characterized by significant pro-oxidative events. The transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the expression of a great number of antioxidant and/or defense proteins, has been pointed as a potential pharmacological target involved in the mitigation of deleterious oxidative events taking place at the ischemic cascade. This review summarizes studies concerning the protective role of Nrf2 in experimental models of ischemic stroke, emphasizing molecular events resulting from ischemic stroke that are, in parallel, modulated by Nrf2. Considering the acute nature of ischemic stroke, we discuss the challenges in using a putative pharmacological strategy (Nrf2 activator) that relies upon transcription, translation and metabolically active cells in treating ischemic stroke patients.

Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Oncologic Surgery for pelvic exenteration in the treatment of cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The primary treatment for locally advanced cases of cervical cancer is chemoradiation followed by high-dose brachytherapy. When this treatment fails, pelvic exenteration (PE) is an option in some cases. This study aimed to develop recommendations for the best management of patients with cervical cancer undergoing salvage PE. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to all members of the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology. Of them, 68 surgeons participated in the study and were divided into 10 working groups. A literature review of studies retrieved from the National Library of Medicine database was carried out on topics chosen by the participants. These topics were indications for curative and palliative PE, preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of tumor resectability, access routes and surgical techniques, PE classification, urinary, vaginal, intestinal, and pelvic floor reconstructions, and postoperative follow-up. To define the level of evidence and strength of each recommendation, an adapted version of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Health Service rating system was used. RESULTS: Most conducts and management strategies reviewed were strongly recommended by the participants. CONCLUSIONS: Guidelines outlining strategies for PE in the treatment of persistent or relapsed cervical cancer were developed and are based on the best evidence available in the literature.

Proteomics analysis of zebrafish larvae exposed to 3,4-dichloroaniline using the fish embryo acute toxicity test.

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a small teleost fish that is becoming increasingly popular in laboratories worldwide and several attributes have also placed the zebrafish under the spotlight of (eco)toxicological studies. Since the 1990s, international organizations such as ISO and OECD have published guidelines for the use of zebrafish in ecotoxicological assessment of environmental toxicants such as the Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) test, OECD n° 236 guideline. This protocol uses 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA), an aniline pesticide whose toxicity to fish species at early life stages is well known, as a positive control. Despite its use, little is known about its molecular mechanisms, especially in the context of the FET test. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate such changes in zebrafish larvae exposed to DCA (4 mg/L) for 96 hours using gel-free proteomics. Twenty-four proteins detected in both groups were identified as significantly affected by DCA exposure, and, when considering group-specific entities, 48 proteins were exclusive to DCA (group-specific proteins) while 248 were only detected in the control group. Proteins modulated by DCA treatment were found to be involved in metabolic processes, especially lipids and hormone metabolism (eg, Apoa1 and Apoa1b and vitelogenins), as well as proteins important for developmental processes and organogenesis (eg, Myhc4, Acta2, Sncb, and Marcksb). The results presented here may therefore provide a better understanding of the relationships between molecular changes and phenotype in zebrafish larvae treated with DCA, the reference compound of the FET test.

Evaluating the impact of a walking program in a disadvantaged area: using the RE-AIM framework by mixed methods.

BACKGROUND: The positive health impact of physical activity (PA) is well known, yet a large proportion of the world's population remains sedentary. General PA programs are common as health promotion initiatives. However, effectiveness evaluations of such PA programs on individual and organizational aspects, which could inform the decision-making process of public health bodies are still lacking, particularly in the most socially disadvantaged areas, where health promotion schemes are particularly needed. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a Guided Walking Program in a high social vulnerability context. METHODS: A quasi-experimental, mixed methods study was conducted. The program had a duration of 6 months and a 6-month follow-up period after the intervention. Session frequency was five times a week, where sessions consisted of supervised PA combined with educational sessions. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework was followed to assess the program. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and accelerometers were used to measure levels of PA. Focus groups were conducted to gain a comprehensive insight on the implementation domain. RESULTS: Most subjects in the intervention (IG) (n = 74) and control (CG) (n = 74) groups were female (IG:90.5%; CG:95.9%), aged 18-49 years (IG:44.6%; CG:43.2%), received less than 1 minimum wage (IG:74.3%; CG:83.7%) and had 0-4 years of formal education (IG:52.1%; CG:46.1%). The reach of the intervention was 0.3%. The IG showed increased levels of PA at post-intervention and 6-month follow-up. However, the difference between groups was not statistically significant. Adoption data revealed that 89.5% of the professionals in the Primary Health Care Center (health center) team perceived the benefits of the program for the population. The program was independently promoted by the health center team for a further 4 months post-intervention. The qualitative data revealed that the program was discontinued due to participants' low adherence and human resource limitations in the unit's operational dynamics. CONCLUSIONS: A health promotion intervention in a socially deprived setting faces challenges but can be effective and feasible to implement. The present study informs the development of future health promotion initiatives in this context. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02857127 . Registered: 30 July 2016 (retrospectively registered).

Polyphenol Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of Seeds from Two Underexploited Wild Licania Species: L. rigida and L. tomentosa.

Studies have shown the benefit of antioxidants in the prevention or treatment of human diseases and promoted a growing interest in new sources of plant antioxidants for pharmacological use. This study aimed to add value to two underexploited wild plant species (Licania rigida) and L. tomentosa) from Brazilian flora. Thus, the phenolic compounds profile of their seed ethanol extract and derived fractions were elucidated by HPLC, the antioxidant capacity was assessed by in vitro chemical tests and the cytotoxicity determined using the human carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and Caco-2. Eleven phenolic compounds were identified in the extracts of each species. The extracts and fractions showed excellent antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (SC50, ranging from 9.15 to 248.8 µg/mL). The aqueous fraction of L. rigida seeds was most effective in preventing lipid peroxidation under basal conditions (IC50 60.80 µg/mL) whereas, in the presence of stress inducer, the methanolic fraction of L. tomentosa performed best (IC50 8.55 µg/mL). None of the samples showed iron chelating capacity. Ethanolic seed extracts of both species did not reveal any cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells. Both plant species showed a promising phenolic profile with potent antioxidant capacity and deserve attention to be sustainably explored.

Growing-finishing performance and carcass yield of pigs reared in a climate-controlled and uncontrolled environment.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on the performance and carcass yield of pigs housed in different environments. Twenty castrated male pigs of the Topigs line were assigned to two treatments: T1, controlled environment, and T2, uncontrolled environment containing a shallow pool. A completely randomized design consisting of two treatments and ten repetitions each was used. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, and means were compared by the Tukey test at a level of significance of 5 % using the SAS 9.2 program (SAS Institute, Inc., NC, USA). The results showed that rearing pigs in an uncontrolled environment during the growing and finishing phases reduced daily feed intake (1.722 and 3.164 kg, respectively) and improved feed conversion (2.15 and 2.70 kg, respectively), but did not influence the carcass yield of the animals. In conclusion, rearing pigs under different environmental conditions during the growing and finishing phases influenced animal performance without interfering with carcass yield.

The First Steps on AOPs' Concepts, Development, and Applications in Teratology.

An Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) is an analytical model that describes, through a graphical representation, a linear sequence of biologically connected events at different levels of biological organization, causally leading to an adverse effect on human health or the environment. In general, AOPs are constructed based on five central principles: systematic development and review, chemical-agnostic, modular, networks, and living documents. Furthermore, AOPs have the potential to be used, for example, to investigate certain molecular targets; relate the regulation of specific genes or proteins among AOPs; extrapolate biological processes, pathways, or diseases from one species to another; and even predict adverse effects in particular populations. AOPs also emerge as an alternative to animal experimentation in studies of developmental malformations. It's even possible now to develop a quantitative AOP to predict teratogenic effects for some substances. However, the construction of high-quality AOPs requires standardization in the way these models are developed and reviewed, ensuring an adequate degree of flexibility and guaranteeing efficiency. The development of AOPs should strictly be based on the guidance documents developed by the OECD. Nevertheless, an important step for those developing AOPs is the choice of an apical endpoint or an initiating molecular event in order to initiate the construction of the pathway. Another crucial step is a systematic literature review based on the random combination of the blocks of information. With these two fundamental steps completed, it only remains to follow the guidance documents on Developing and Assessing Adverse Outcome Pathways and AOP Developers' Handbook supplement provided by the OECD to organize and construct an AOP. This modern approach will bring radical changes in the field of toxicity testing, regarding the prediction of apical toxic effects using molecular-level effects.

Evaluation of screening practices for primary hyperaldosteronism by specialists and general practitioners: an observational, cross-sectional study.

Objective: Despite its recognized importance, primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) remains an underdiagnosed condition in clinical practice. The objective of the present study was to evaluate PHA screening practices by general practitioners and specialists in endocrinology and cardiology. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional, observational study invited physicians to respond voluntarily to an online survey. The survey collected the respondents' sociodemographic data and answers to five hypothetical clinical cases meeting Endocrine Society criteria for PHA screening. Results: In all, 126 physicians responded to the online survey. Endocrinologists were the specialists who most often chose PHA screening, although the screening rates were overall low, ranging from 36.5% to 92.9%, depending on the case and the respondents' specialty. The survey also assessed the reasons for not choosing PHA screening, which included limited availability of tests within the public health services, interference of antihypertensive medications on hormone levels, and failure to identify the screening indication. Being an endocrinologist was an independent predictor for choosing PHA screening for the patients in Cases #1 and #5 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Endocrinologists were the specialists who most often chose PHA screening, although the screening rates were overall low among all specialists. These findings highlight a need for continuing medical education programs addressing PHA screening and making the diagnosis of PHA more present in the daily clinical practice of physicians treating patients with hypertension.

Federal government budgetary and financial resources for body practices and physical activities in the Unified Health System: analysis of the 2019-2022 governmental cycle. / Recursos da União para as práticas corporais e atividades físicas no SUS: análise do ciclo governamental 2019-2022.

Through quantitative exploratory research, the present study analyzed the amount foreseen in the Federal Budget and the amounts paid (nominal and deflated) for programs and actions to promote body practices and physical activities (Health Academy Program and the Federal Incentive for Physical Activity in Primary Health Care) from 2019 to 2022. The values of investment in body practices and physical activities in SUS per capita, according to the population covered by Primary Health Care (PHC) and per participant in public programs, were also calculated. The following was found: (1) that the resources that were actually paid were 3.31% to 15.06% lower than those approved in the budget (nominal) and (2) the low annual (maximum) values found, regardless of whether nominal or deflated - per capita (R$ 0.21 to 0.30) per population covered by PHC (R$ 0.25 to 0.40) and per participant (R$ 10.61 to 14.61). It was concluded that the low investment in the promotion of body practices and physical activities decreases access and does not contribute to the full functioning of SUS by preventing or hindering the expansion of possibilities of comprehensive health care.

Por meio de pesquisa quantitativa de caráter exploratório, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de analisar o orçamento e o financiamento federal de programas e ações de promoção das práticas corporais e atividades físicas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de 2019 a 2022 (Programa Academia da Saúde e o Incentivo Federal de Custeio da Atividade Física na Atenção Primária). Foram analisados e calculados os valores per capita, pela população coberta pela atenção primária e por participante de programas públicos. Os recursos efetivamente pagos foram de 3,31% a 15,06% menores dos que os aprovados no orçamento (nominal), e também foram identificados os baixos valores (máximos) anuais, independentemente se nominal ou deflacionado per capita (R$ 0,21 a 0,30) por população coberta pela atenção primária (R$ 0,25 a 0,40) e por participante (R$ 10,61 a 14,61). Concluiu-se que o baixo investimento na promoção das práticas corporais e atividades físicas diminui o acesso e não contribui para o pleno funcionamento do SUS ao impedir ou dificultar a ampliação de possibilidades do cuidado integral em saúde.

AOP Report: Glutathione Conjugation Leading to Reproductive Dysfunction via Oxidative Stress.

We propose an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for reproductive dysfunction via oxidative stress (OS). The AOP was developed based on Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidance Document 184 and on the specific considerations of the OECD users' handbook supplement to the guidance document for developing and assessing AOPs (no. 233). According to the qualitative and quantitative experimental data evaluation, glutathione (GSH) conjugation is the first upstream key event (KE) of this AOP to reproductive dysfunction triggering OS. This event causes depletion of GSH basal levels (KE2 ). Consequently, this drop of free GSH induces an increase of reactive oxygen species (KE3 ) generated by the natural cellular metabolic processes (cellular respiration) of the organism. Increased levels of these reactive species, in turn, induce an increase of lipid peroxidation (KE4 ). This KE consequently leads to a rise in the amount of toxic substances, such as malondialdehyde and hydroxynonenal, which are associated with decreased quality and competence of gamete cell division, consequently impairing fertility (KE5 and adverse outcome). The overall assessment of the general biological plausibility, the empirical support, and the essentiality of KE relationships was considered as high for this AOP. We conclude that GSH conjugation is able to lead to reproductive disorder in fishes and mammals, via OS, but that the amount of stressor needed to trigger the AOP differs between stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2519-2528. © 2023 SETAC.

The Efficacy of Manual Therapy Approaches on Pain, Maximum Mouth Opening and Disability in Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common condition disabling people and bringing up costs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of manual therapy on pain intensity, maximum mouth opening (MMO) and disability. Searches were conducted in six databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Selection of trials, data extraction and methodological quality assessment were conducted by two reviewers with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. Estimates were presented as mean differences (MDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Twenty trials met the eligibility criteria and were included. For pain intensity, high and moderate quality evidence demonstrated the additional effects of manual therapy at short- (95% CI -2.12 to -0.82 points) and long-term (95% CI -2.17 to -0.40 points) on the 0-10 points scale. For MMO, moderate to high quality evidence was found in favour of manual therapy alone (95% CI 0.01 to 7.30 mm) and its additional effects (95% CI 1.58 to 3.58 mm) at short- and long-term (95% CI 1.22 to 8.40 mm). Moderate quality evidence demonstrated an additional effect of manual therapy for disability (95% CI = -0.87 to -0.14). Evidence supports manual therapy as effective for TMD.

[Temporal analysis of the inclusion of Physical Education Professionals and Residents in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) from 2009 to 2021]. / Análise temporal da inserção de Profissionais e Residentes de Educação Física no Sistema Único de Saúde de 2009 a 2021.

Physical Education is one of the categories featured in the SUS workforce. An ecological time series study, based on the National Registry of Health Establishments, was conducted to analyze the inclusion of Physical Education Professionals (PEFs) and residents in the SUS between 2009 and 2021. The scope of the article was to establish a panorama of the inclusion of Physical Education and analyze the distribution of PEFs and residents in the different regions. An increase of 476.01% in the number of PEFs and 10,366.67% among residents was revealed. The PEF rate per 100,000 inhabitants increased by 13.7% per year from 2009 to 2021, with an increase of 28.1% between 2009 and 2014 and 7.8% between 2014 and 2019, and a decrease of 3.4% between 2019 and 2021. The resident rate increased by 36.2% per year between 2009 and 2021, with a 45.9% increase between 2009 and 2017 and 18.7% between 2017 and 2021. Regional inequalities in the distribution of PEFs and residents were revealed, with the highest concentration, in 2021, in the Northeast and South regions, respectively. The increase in PEFs and residents in the SUS can be linked to policies and programs of physical exercise and activities, while the decrease is possibly related to the Previne Brasil Program and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dentre as categorias que fazem parte da força de trabalho do SUS está a Educação Física. Por meio de estudo ecológico de séries temporais, com base no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, os objetivos do artigo foram analisar a inserção de Profissionais de Educação Física (PEF) e residentes no SUS entre 2009 e 2021 com vistas a traçar um panorama da inserção da Educação Física e analisar a distribuição de PEF e residentes entre as diferentes regiões. Foi revelado um aumento de 476,01% no número de PEF e de 10.366,67% entre os residentes. A taxa de PEF por 100.000 habitantes aumentou 13,7% ao ano entre 2009 e 2021, com aumento de 28,1% entre 2009 e 2014 e de 7,8% entre 2014 e 2019, e redução de 3,4% entre 2019 e 2021. A taxa de residentes aumentou 36,2% ao ano entre 2009 a 2021, com aumento de 45,9% entre 2009 e 2017 e de 18,7% entre 2017 e 2021. Foram reveladas desigualdades regionais na distribuição de PEF e residentes, com maior concentração, em 2021, respectivamente nas regiões Nordeste e Sul. O aumento de PEF e residentes no SUS pode ser relacionado com políticas e programas de práticas corporais e atividades físicas, enquanto o decréscimo, possivelmente, se relaciona com o Programa Previne Brasil e à pandemia de COVID-19.

Effectiveness of visceral fascial therapy targeting visceral dysfunctions outcome: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Fascial Therapy is an ancient and widespread practice throughout the world. These approaches are very common in osteopathic practice and taught in workshops for professionals from different areas of health care, including Physiotherapy. This type of treatment is quite specialized and centered on the therapist. However, there is a lack of high-quality and low-risk bias studies that justify the use of this practice. Despite this, there is little scientific evidence about the effectiveness of Fascial Therapy to treat some visceral disorders. The purpose of this study was to critically appraise the scientific literature concerning the clinical efficacy of techniques used in Fascial Therapy targeting the visceral system. METHODS: This systematic review included randomized controlled trials in any language or date of publication. All primary outcomes reported were included. The methodological quality and statistical reporting of each eligible trial were evaluated using the version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). This systematic review provided a synthesis of current evidence on the effects of Fascial Therapy in patients with visceral disorders and/or pain. A total of 11 studies were included, with five of them covering gastrointestinal dysfunction, two covering cardiorespiratory dysfunction, two covering musculoskeletal dysfunction, and two covering urogenital dysfunction. RESULTS: Fascial Therapy targeting the visceral system has been shown to be effective in reducing pain over the long term in people with low back pain when combined with standard physical therapy and effective in reducing gastroesophageal reflux symptoms over the short term. Considering the overall bias, six studies were at high risk of bias, two studies had some concerns and only three studies were at low risk of bias. Of the three studies with a low risk of bias, only two showed positive results and were effective in improving the studied outcome. CONCLUSION: This systematic review shows that currently, there is poor evidence for the efficacy of the techniques used in Fascial Therapy targeting the visceral system, and this information can help healthcare professionals in decision-making related to the use of Fascial Therapy targeting the visceral system in patients with visceral disorders and/or pain.

Skeletal Muscle Discomfort and Lifestyle of Brazilian Military Police Officers of Administrative and Tactical Force.

Our aim was to evaluate musculoskeletal discomfort and the lifestyle of military police officers of administrative and tactical force departments. Military police officers were distributed into two groups: administrative (Adm, n = 15) and tactical force (TF, n = 16) departments. Their lifestyle was assessed using the Fantastic Lifestyle questionnaire. Moreover, physical activity quantification was assessed using the International Physical Activity questionnaire, and musculoskeletal discomfort was quantified using the Corlett diagram. The mean total time of physical activity was 546 ± 276 min per week. No differences (p = 0.0832) were found between the Adm (454 ± 217 min) and TF (623 ± 301 min) groups. Concerning lifestyle, in general the sample presented very good (42%) and good (42%) style classification. For this parameter, no significant differences were found, but only a tendency was discovered (x2: 7.437; p = 0.0592); indeed, the TF presented a better classification (63%) of very good, compared to the Adm (53%) of good. No differences (p > 0.05) were found in musculoskeletal perception of discomfort between the right and left sides (p > 0.05) for all police officers and between the Adm and FT groups (p > 0.05). Military police officers showed high and moderate risk for waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, respectively; however, lifestyle and total time of physical activity were considered adequate without differences between military administrative and tactical force sectors.

Time-varying higher moments in Bitcoin.

Cryptocurrencies represent a new and important class of investments but are associated with asymmetric distributions and extreme price changes. We use a modeling structure where higher-order moments (scale, skewness and kurtosis) are time-varying, and additionally we used nontraditional innovations distributions to study the return series of the most important cryptocurrency, Bitcoin. Based on the estimation of a series of Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS) models, we compare predictive performance using a loss function based on Value at Risk performance.

Neutralizing Effect of Synthetic Peptides toward SARS-CoV-2.

The outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 has taken many lives worldwide. Although vaccination has started, the development of drugs to either alleviate or abolish symptoms of COVID-19 is still necessary. Here, four synthetic peptides were assayed regarding their ability to protect Vero E6 cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection and their toxicity to human cells and zebrafish embryos. All peptides had some ability to protect cells from infection by SARS-CoV-2 with the D614G mutation. Molecular docking predicted the ability of all peptides to interact with and induce conformational alterations in the spike protein containing the D614G mutation. PepKAA was the most effective peptide, by having the highest docking score regarding the spike protein and reducing the SARS-CoV-2 plaque number by 50% (EC50) at a concentration of 0.15 mg mL-1. Additionally, all peptides had no toxicity to three lines of human cells as well as to zebrafish larvae and embryos. Thus, these peptides have potential activity against SARS-CoV-2, making them promising to develop new drugs to inhibit cell infection by SARS-CoV-2.

A pilot study of the effects of suboccipital fascial release on heart rate variability in workers in the clothing industry: Randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: The routine of work inside the clothing industry has been associated with high levels stress perceived by the worker. The parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) are objective markers of the organic response to stress. OBJECTIVE: This trial evaluates if suboccipital fascial release (SFR) technique was able to influence HRV parameters in workers in the clothing industry. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial. Forty women who worked in clothing industry were randomized into two groups, untreated group (UG, n = 15) and treated group (TG, n = 25). Heart rate (HR) and HRV parameters were measured using a heart rate monitor. Statistical analysis of data distribution and within group and between groups analysis were performed with α adjusted to 0.05. RESULTS: Within group analysis in the TG showed significant changes in the following parameters: sympathovagal balance (low frequency/high frequency - LF/HF) (p ≤ 0.01), mean RR intervals (p ≤ 0.01), mean heart rate (Mean HR) (p ≤ 0.01), minimum heart rate (Min. HR) (p = 0.02) and maximum heart rate (Max. HR) (p ≤ 0.01). Between group analysis, on the other hand, showed significant variations in Very Low Frequency (VLF) (p = 0.04) and Max. HR (p = 0.03) in favor of the TG. No significant changes were observed in the UG during the same period. CONCLUSION: The comparison between groups showed that SFR may influence HRV parameters more than rest in workers in the clothing industry and possibly may contribute to the improvement of the stress experienced by them.

Exposure to 2,4-D herbicide induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish larvae.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide is the main ingredient in over 1500 commercially available products such as Weedestroy® AM40 and DMA® 4 IVM. Although the liver has been identified as one of the organs that are affected by this herbicide, reports on its hepatotoxic effects available in the literature are restricted to rats. Thus, there is a gap in information on other organisms that may be vulnerable to 2,4-D exposure, such as fish. Therefore, the present work aimed to assess the hepatotoxic potential of 2,4-D in fish using zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as a model system. For this purpose, its acute toxicity to zebrafish embryos was assessed, as well as its sublethal effects (< LC50) on the activity of enzymes related to oxidative (GST, CAT and GPX) and metabolic (LDH) stress and liver parameters (AST, ALT and ALP) after 48 h of exposure. Morphological analyses of the liver were also assessed in zebrafish larvae. As a result, 2,4-D reduced larvae survival (LC50 15.010 mg/L in 96 h of exposure), induced malformations, altered the activity of LDH, GST and CAT enzymes and significantly increased the activity of all biomarkers for liver damage. Although no changes in the color or size of larval liver were observed, histopathological analysis revealed that treatment with 2,4-D caused severe changes in liver tissue, such as vacuolization of the cytosol, eccentric cell nucleus, loss of tissue architecture and cellular boundaries. Thus, the results showed that 2,4-D altered the enzymatic profile related to oxidative stress, and induces liver damage.