Chiral Supersolid in Spin-Orbit-Coupled Bose Gases with Soft-Core Long-Range Interactions.

Chirality represents a kind of symmetry breaking characterized by the noncoincidence of an object with its mirror image and has been attracting intense attention in a broad range of scientific areas. The recent realization of spin-orbit coupling in ultracold atomic gases provides a new perspective to study quantum states with chirality. In this Letter, we demonstrate that the combined effects of spin-orbit coupling and interatomic soft-core long-range interaction can induce an exotic supersolid phase in which the chiral symmetry is broken with spontaneous emergence of circulating particle current. This implies that a finite angular momentum can be generated with neither rotation nor effective magnetic field. The direction of the angular momentum can be altered by adjusting the strength of spin-orbit coupling or interatomic interaction. The predicted chiral supersolid phase can be experimentally observed in Rydberg-dressed Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling.

High-order rogue wave and mixed interaction patterns for the three-component Gross-Pitaevskii equations in F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates.

Under investigation are the three-component Gross-Pitaevskii equations in F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensates. Various localized waves' generation mechanisms have been derived from plane wave solutions using modulation instability. The perturbed continuous waves produce a large number of rogue wave structures through the split-step Fourier numerical method. Based on the known Lax pair, we construct the generalized iterative (n,N-n)-fold Darboux transformation to generate various high-order solutions, including the bright-dark-bright structure of rogue waves, periodic waves, and their mixed interaction structures. Numerical simulations show that rogue waves with a two-peaked structure have robust noise resistance and stable dynamical behavior. The asymptotic states of high-order rogue waves as the parameter approaches infinity are also predicted using the large parameter asymptotic technique. In addition, the position of these localized wave patterns can be controlled by some special parameters. These results may help us understand the dynamic behavior of spinor condensates for the mean-field approximation.

Optical undular bores in Riemann problem of photon fluid with quintic nonlinearity.

This work develops the Whitham theory to study the Riemann problem of the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation that describes the photon fluid with quintic nonlinearity. The one-phase periodic solution of the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation and the corresponding Whitham equation are derived by the finite gap integration method. Subsequently, the main basic wave structures arising from the discontinuous initial-value conditions are found by distinguishing the distributions of the Riemann invariants. Some exotic optical undular bores are observed by classifying the solutions of the Riemann problem of the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation. It is observed that the analytical results from Whitham theory are in excellent agreement with the numerical solutions.

Correlation between histopathological grading and shear-wave elastography in evaluating invasive carcinoma of no special type.

The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between histologic grade and shear-wave elastography in evaluating invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST). A total of 84 breast lesions in 80 patients (age range, 32-64 years) were retrospectively evaluated. The patients underwent B-mode ultrasound and virtual touch tissue quantification diagnosis. A semi-quantitative method was then applied in order to determine the histologic grade of the invasive carcinoma of NST according to the grading system published by the World Health Organization. Among the 84 breast lesions, 14 (16.7%) were classified as Grade I, while 29 (34.5%) and 41 (48.8%) were determined to be of Grade II and Grade III, respectively. The size of the breast lesions increased with the increase in histological grade (P<0.001). In addition, 29.3% of the Grade-III breast lesions exhibited acoustic enhancement, while the majority of the Grade-I breast lesions (78.6%) exhibited acoustic shadowing (P=0.002). Furthermore, a higher histopathological grade was closely correlated with a higher mean, minimum and maximum shear-wave velocity value (P<0.05). In conclusion, regarding the evaluation of invasive breast carcinoma of NST, the histologic grade was strongly correlated with tissue stiffness; a higher histologic grade was associated with a harder lesion. Therefore, shear-wave elastography may provide important clinical reference values.

Localized spatially nonlinear matter waves in atomic-molecular Bose-Einstein condensates with space-modulated nonlinearity.

The intrinsic nonlinearity is the most remarkable characteristic of the Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) systems. Many studies have been done on atomic BECs with time- and space- modulated nonlinearities, while there is few work considering the atomic-molecular BECs with space-modulated nonlinearities. Here, we obtain two kinds of Jacobi elliptic solutions and a family of rational solutions of the atomic-molecular BECs with trapping potential and space-modulated nonlinearity and consider the effect of three-body interaction on the localized matter wave solutions. The topological properties of the localized nonlinear matter wave for no coupling are analysed: the parity of nonlinear matter wave functions depends only on the principal quantum number n, and the numbers of the density packets for each quantum state depend on both the principal quantum number n and the secondary quantum number l. When the coupling is not zero, the localized nonlinear matter waves given by the rational function, their topological properties are independent of the principal quantum number n, only depend on the secondary quantum number l. The Raman detuning and the chemical potential can change the number and the shape of the density packets. The stability of the Jacobi elliptic solutions depends on the principal quantum number n, while the stability of the rational solutions depends on the chemical potential and Raman detuning.

Evaluating the microRNA-target gene regulatory network in renal cell carcinomas, identification for potential biomarkers and critical pathways.

Variant microRNA (miRNA) expression is a character of many cancer types. The combined analysis of miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles is crucial to identifying links between deregulated miRNAs and oncogenic pathways. The aim of this study was to screen several novel genes associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and analyze the gene functions and signal pathways which were critical to RCCs with DNA microarray. The gene expression profile of GSE6344 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 10 RCC samples and 10 healthy controls. Compared with the control samples, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of RCC was identified. The selected DEGs were further analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Set Analysis Toolkit and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with prePPI. Then, pathway enrichment analysis to PPI network was performed using WebGestalt software. We found that a total of 521 DEGs were down-regulated and 473 DEGs were up-regulated in RCC samples compared to healthy controls. A total of 15 remarkable enhanced functions and 17 suppressed functions were identified. PPI nodes of high degrees, such as RHCG, RALYL, SLC4A1, UMOD and CA9, were obtained. The DEGs were classified and significantly enriched in cytokine and cytokine receptor pathway. The hub genes we find from RCC samples are not only biomarkers, but also may provide the groundwork for a combination therapy approach for RCCs.

[Inhibition of growth and metastases of human colon cancer xenograft in nude mice by angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Tumor angiogenesis is essential for growth and metastases of colon cancer. Angiogenesis inhibitors can induce apoptosis in colon cancer by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and has strong inhibitory effect both on tumor growth and metastases of human colon cancer. Anti-angiogenic cancer therapy is important for selecting the timing and method of operation and program of complex treatment and enhancing the five-year survival rate of patients with colon cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin on the growth and metastases of colon cancer in vivo. METHODS: Metastatic model simulating human colon cancer was established by orthotopic implantation of histologically intact human tumor tissue into colon wall of nude mice. Endostatin was administered s.c. at dose of 0 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, every day for six weeks. Seven weeks after implantation, the tumor weight and inhibition rates and intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) and apoptotic index (AI) and the presence of metastases are evaluated respectively after the mice were sacrificed. RESULTS: In compared with the untreated controls, growth of the orthotopically implanted tumor was significantly reduced in weight in mice treated with endostatin with an inhibition rate of 0%, 67.9%, 84.0%, and 90.1% at the dosage of 0 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The MVD also decreased significantly in the treated mice [(12.8 +/- 4.1) versus (5.9 +/- 2.5), (2.2 +/- 1.4) and (0.74 +/- 0.3)]. The AI increased significantly in the treated mice [(3.87 +/- 2.61)%, versus (6.89 +/- 5.18%), (13.24 +/- 4.76)% and (20.97 +/- 9.04)%]. The incidences of peritoneal metastases were also significantly inhibited in the treated mice (90.0% versus 36.4%, 25.0%, and 0%). The incidences of liver metastases were also significantly inhibited in the treated mice (80.0% versus 27.3%, 16.7% and 0%). Tumor metastases to the liver and peritoneaum were also significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis inhibitor endostatin can induce apoptosis in colon cancer by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and has strong inhibitory effect both on tumor growth and metastases of human colon cancer xenograft in nude mice.