A Mine Water Source Prediction Model Based on LIF Technology and BWO-ELM.

The traditional methods for identifying water sources in coal mines lack the ability to quickly detect water sources and are prone to causing secondary pollution of samples. In contrast, laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technology has been introduced for the identification of coal mine water sources due to its high sensitivity and real-time performance. However, extreme learning machine (ELM) have shortcomings in randomly selecting weights and biases. The Beluga Whale Optimization (BWO) algorithm has efficient optimization capability, global search capability, adaptability and parallelism, and can find the optimal weights and biases in a short time. The combination of LIF technology and BWO-ELM model can be applied to quickly identify the welling water source in coal mine. Select sandstone water and old goaf water from the Huainan mining area as experimental samples, and mix them in different proportions to prepare 7 mixed water samples for testing. Utilize LIF technology to obtain spectral curve images, preprocess them with polynomial smoothing algorithm (SG) and spectral multiple scattering correction (MSC), and perform dimensionality reduction using factor analysis (FA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) methods. Finally, construct ELM models, Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) models, BWO-ELM models, and Particle Swarm Optimization Extreme Learning Machine(PSO-ELM) models for the dimensionality reduced data. In order to improve the reliability and accuracy of the results, the experimental results were kept to 5 decimal places. From the experimental results, it can be seen that SG-LDA-BWO-ELM has the best fitting effect, with a fitting coefficient of 0.99990, a root mean square error of 0.00041, a mean square error approaching 0, and an average absolute error of 0.00021. It has the best convergence and the smallest absolute error among all models, making it the most suitable for identifying mine water inrush. It is of great significance for preventing and controlling mine water disasters and ensuring coal mine production safety.

Protective and Flame-Retardant Bifunctional Epoxy-Based Nanocomposite Coating by Intercomponent Synergy between Modified CaAl-LDH and rGO.

Extensive utilization in various settings poses extra requirements of coatings beyond just anticorrosion properties. Herein, 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) intercalated CaAl-based layered double hydroxide (CaAl-8HQ-LDH) was loaded on reduced GO (rGO) through a one-pot hydrothermal reaction, which was employed as the nanofiller endowing the epoxy (EP/CaAl-8HQ LDH@rGO) with excellent flame-retardancy while ensuring efficient protection for mild steel. Results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated the durability of the EP/CaAl-8HQ LDH@rGO-coated specimen, with the impedance at the lowest frequency (|Z|0.01Hz) maintained as 1.84 × 1010 Ω cm2 after 120 days of immersion in a 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. Even for the scratched EP/CaAl-8HQ LDH@rGO system, only a slight decline in |Z|0.01Hz was observed during 180 h of exposure to the NaCl solution, indicating a self-healing feature supported by salt spray tests. UL-94 burning tests revealed the V-0 rating for EP/CaAl-8HQ LDH@rGO with improved thermostability. Strong physical barrier from two-dimensional rGO and the release of 8-HQ from LDH interlayers accounted for the anticorrosive and self-healing properties. However, O2-concentration dilution and charring-layer promotion governed the flame-retardant behavior of the nanocomposite coating. The intercomponent synergy of nanofillers achieved in this work may provide a useful reference for designing multifunctional coatings.

Research on transformer fault diagnosis based on an IWHO optimized MS1DCNN algorithm and LIF spectrum.

Accurate diagnosis of transformer faults can effectively improve the enduring reliability of power grid operation. Aiming at overcoming the problems of long time consumption and low diagnostic rate in the past diagnosis methods, this article designs a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection system, which can be combined with a multi-scale one-dimensional convolution neural network (MS1DCNN) to diagnose transformer fault categories. The structural parameters of MS1DCNN are optimized using the improved wild horse optimizer (IWHO). Electrical fault oil, thermal fault oil, normal oil and locally damped oil are used as raw materials for the experiment. First, the LIF spectral data of the four kinds of oil samples are obtained, and the spectral data obtained are pretreated by standard normal variate (SNV) and multiple scattering correction (MSC), and the dimensions are reduced by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA). Then the dimensionality reduced data are imported into the MS1DCNN algorithm for learning, and the parameters of MS1DCNN are optimized using the IWHO algorithm. Finally, the experiment shows that the efficiency and precision of LIF technology for raw data extraction are higher than for traditional methods; in comparison with the same type of algorithm, MSC has a better preprocessing effect, KPCA has a better dimensionality reduction effect, MS1DCNN has a better prediction effect, and IWHO has a better optimization effect. Compared to them, the MSC-KPCA-IWHO-MS1DCNN model has the best diagnostic ability, with a mean square error (MSE) of 4.9037 × 10-4, mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0179, and goodness of fit (R2) of 0.9996. Transformer fault intelligent diagnosis is necessary for the sustained and stable operation of power networks.

Enhanced Corrosion Resistance of Layered Double Hydroxide Films on Mg Alloy: The Key Role of Cationic Surfactant.

In this study, dense anticorrosion magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) films were prepared for the first time by introducing a cationic surfactant tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (TTAB) in the process of in situ hydrothermal synthesis of Mg-Al LDH films on an AZ31 magnesium alloy. Results of XRD, FTIR, and SEM confirmed that TTAB forms the MgAl-LDH-TTAB, although TTAB cannot enter into LDH layers, and MgAl-LDH-TTAB powders are much smaller and more homogenous than MgAl-CO32--LDH powders. Results of SEM, EDS, mapping, and XPS confirmed that TTAB forms the MgAl-LDH-TTAB films and endows LDH films with denser structure, which provides films with better shielding efficiency. Results of potentiodynamic polarization curves (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed that MgAl-LDH-TTABx g films have better corrosion resistance than an MgAl-CO32--LDH film. The corrosion current density (icorr) of the MgAl-LDH-TTAB0.35 g film in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was reduced to 1.09 × 10-8 A.cm-2 and the |Z|f = 0.05 Hz value was increased to 4.48 × 105 Ω·cm2. Moreover, the increasing concentration of TTAB in MgAl-LDH-TTABx g (x = 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.35) provided denser outer layer LDH films and thereby increased the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 Mg alloy. Additionally, the |Z|f = 0.05 Hz values of the MgAl-LDH-TTAB0.35 g film still remained at 105 Ω·cm2 after being immersed in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 168 h, implying the good long-term corrosion resistance of MgAl-LDH-TTABx g films. Therefore, introducing cationic surfactant in the process of in situ hydrothermal synthesis can be seen as a novel approach to creating efficient anticorrosion LDH films for Mg alloys.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Apple Pectin-Fe(III) Complex.

In the present study, apple pectin (AP) extracted from apple pomace was used to chelate with Fe(III) to synthesize an AP-Fe(III) complex. The obtained AP-Fe(III) complex was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XPS, and TG analysis. The Fe content in the AP-Fe(III) complex was determined to be 24.5%. Moreover, the reduction properties of the complex were also investigated. The AP-Fe(III) complex was found to be soluble in water and maintained stability in the pH range of 3-8. The complex was reduced to Fe(II) after 6 h. In addition, the AP-Fe(III) complex did not release iron ions in the simulated gastric fluid, and Fe release of the complex reached 96.5% after 4 h of digestion in simulated intestinal fluid. In particular, the antioxidant activity of the AP-Fe(III) complex against free DPPH and ABTS radicals was evaluated. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the potential of the AP-Fe(III) complex as a novel iron supplement.

Preparation of a novel chitosan-based magnetic adsorbent CTS@SnO2@Fe3O4 for effective treatment of dye wastewater.

A novel chitosan-based magnetic composite CTS@SnO2@Fe3O4 was prepared by water-in-oil emulsification for adsorbing anionic dye RBR in aqueous solution. The physicochemical properties of the obtained material were characterized by FTIR, XRD, VSM, TGA, SEM and N2 adsorption-desorption. Effects of contact time, solution pH, ionic strength, initial dye concentration and temperature on the adsorption of reactive brilliant red (RBR) were investigated via batch adsorption experiments. Compared with CTS@Fe3O4, CTS@SnO2@Fe3O4 showed better adsorption performance for RBR, represented by the adsorption capacity reaching a maximum of 981.23 mg/g at pH 2, illustrating that the introduction of SnO2 was beneficial for adsorption. The kinetic data and equilibrium adsorption behaviors were well depicted by pesudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. Evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. XPS analysis confirmed a potential adsorption mechanism that the N atoms on composite chelated with RBR ions in solution. In addition, CTS@SnO2@Fe3O4 particles were easy to be magnetically separated and had outstanding reusability after five times recycling. All in all, CTS@SnO2@Fe3O4 was proven to be an efficient and promising adsorbent for the dye removal due to its higher adsorption capacity compared with other adsorbents.

Extraction of Low Methoxyl Pectin from Fresh Sunflower Heads by Subcritical Water Extraction.

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) of pectin from fresh sunflower heads was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions for the maximum yield of pectin (6.57 ± 0.6%) were found to be a pressure of 8 bar, temperature of 120 °C, time of 20 min, and liquid-solid ratio (LSR) of 7 mL/g. The degree of esterification (DE) of pectin was analyzed by titrimetry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) methods, which was low methoxyl pectin. The molecular weight (M w), galacturonic acid (GalA) content, and surface tension of pectin were 11.50 kDa, 82%, and 45.38 mN/m (1.5% w/v), respectively. Moreover, thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis confirmed that pectin had excellent thermal stability. FTIR and 1H NMR spectra confirmed its structure. This study demonstrated that SWE could be used as a productive and environmentally friendly method for extracting pectin from fresh sunflower heads.

Facile fabrication of Cu(II) coordinated chitosan-based magnetic material for effective adsorption of reactive brilliant red from aqueous solution.

In order to effectively remove reactive brilliant red (RBR) in aqueous solution, a novel Cu(II) coordinated chitosan-based magnetic composite (CTS-Cu@SiO2@Fe3O4) was prepared. The physicochemical properties of the resultant adsorbent were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption. The adsorption capacity toward RBR was systematically investigated as a function of contact time, solution pH, initial concentration, ionic strength and temperature. Compared with CTS@SiO2@Fe3O4, CTS-Cu@SiO2@Fe3O4 showed better adsorption performance in removing RBR, reaching a maximum of 880.84 mg/g at pH 4, which confirmed that the coordination of Cu(II) can improve the adsorption capability. The adsorption kinetics of CTS-Cu@SiO2@Fe3O4 was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the equilibrium adsorption data were well described by the Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. XPS analysis confirmed that the adsorption was mainly controlled by electrostatic interaction between copper/amino cation and RBR anion. Furthermore, regeneration experiments demonstrated that CTS-Cu@SiO2@Fe3O4 can be used repeatedly. In a word, CTS-Cu@SiO2@Fe3O4 can be served as a promising adsorbent for dye wastewater scavenging.

Sunflower Head Pectin with Different Molecular Weights as Promising Green Corrosion Inhibitors of Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution.

Three sunflower head pectin (SFHP) with different molecular weights (M w = 4.50, 97.23, and 254.64 kDa) were obtained by enzyme-assisted extraction and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was evaluated by the weight loss measurement. The inhibition efficiency (IE%) increased as its concentration increases and decreased as the temperature increases. The SFHP with the lowest M w of 4.50 kDa exhibited an IEmax of 92.05% at the medium concentration (2.0 g L-1). The inhibition properties of SFHP (M w = 4.50 kDa) were investigated electrochemically and theoretically. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that the charge-transfer resistance increased as its concentration increases, the double-layer capacitance decreased as concentration increases, and the IE% also increased as concentration increases. The potentiodynamic polarization (PP) revealed that the SFHP acted as mixed-type inhibitor. The IE% reached 90.3% at the medium concentration (2.0 g L-1) of SHFP. The three-dimensional super depth digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy tests confirmed the formation of inhibitor films on the surface of mild steel. The adsorption of SFHP on the mild steel surface was proved to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The theoretical studies via density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation further revealed the mechanism of corrosion inhibition.

[Corrigendum] Activation of platelet protease-activated receptor-1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemotaxis of colon cancer cell line SW620.

Oncol Rep 33: [Related article:] 2681-2688, 2015; DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3897 After the publication of the article, it has been brought to the authors' attention by an interested reader that we had made an error regarding the colon cancer cell line in the manuscript. The error relates to Materials and methods, as well as Results, the colon cancer cell line in the Transwell migration assay and Flow cytometric detection of CXCR4 expression is HCT-116 rather than SW620. Accordingly, the correct legends in Figs. 3 and 6 in the paper are HCT-116 cells. This error does not affect the overall conclusions reported in the present study. We sincerely apologize for this mistake, and thank the reader of our article who drew this matter to our attention. Furthermore, we regret any inconvenience this error may have caused.

Activation of platelet protease-activated receptor-1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemotaxis of colon cancer cell line SW620.

The aim of the present study was to examine the role of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1)-stimulated platelet activation in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration of colon cancer cells, and to identify the underlying mechanisms. TFLLR-NH2, a PAR1 agonist, was used to activate platelets and the platelet supernatants were used to treat the SW620 colon cancer cell line. Expression of E-cadherin and vimentin on SW620 cells was detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting, and the level of the transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1) was measured using ELISA following the activation of platelets by TFLLR-NH2. miR-200b expression was detected using quantitative PCR in SW620 cells. In order to investigate the chemotactic ability of the SW620 cells, the expression of CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) was measured by flow cytometry. Transwell migration assays were performed following exposure of the cells to the supernatant of PAR1-activated platelets. SW620 cells cultured in the supernatant of TFLLR-NH2-activated platelets upregulated E-cadherin expression and downregulated the vimentin expression. In the in vitro platelet culture system, a TFLLR-NH2 dose-dependent increase of secreted TGF-ß1 was detected in the supernatant. The activation of PAR1 on the platelets led to the inhibition of miR-200b expression in the SW620 cells that were cultured in platelet-conditioned media. The number of SW620 cells that penetrated through the Transwell membrane increased with the dose of TFLLR-NH2 used to treat the platelets. The percentage of CXCR4-positive SW620 cells was significantly higher when they were exposed to the supernatant of platelets cultured for 24 h with PAR1 agonist than when cultured in non-conditioned media (40.89 ± 6.74 vs. 3.47 ± 1.40%, P < 0.01). Platelet activation with a PAR1 agonist triggered TGF-ß secretion, which induced EMT of SW620 human colon cancer cells via the downregulation of miR-200b expression, and activated platelets had a chemotactic effect on colon cancer cells mediated by the upregulation of CXCR4 on the cell surface.