Assessing family function: older adults vs. care nurses: a cross-sectional comparative study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess family function in home care for older adults. Understanding family dynamics is essential for providing quality care to older adults choosing to age in place. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 53 patients aged 65 or older receiving home care were evaluated, along with four home care nurses. The General Function of Family Assessment Device (FAD-GF) was used for self-assessment to examine family resources. RESULTS: Only 5.7% of older adults reported good family function. Strong correlations were found between assessments by nurses and older adults. Among the six aspects of family function, "problem solving," "communication," "affective responsiveness," and the overall results showed no disparities between the evaluations of older adults and nurses. CONCLUSIONS: Home care nurses can effectively assess family function using the FAD-GF, particularly after six months of care. This assessment can help identify family issues and enhance home care quality through nurse training in FAD-GF application.

[Effect of Emotion Regulation on Anxiety/Depression Symptoms in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Mediating Role of Social Problems and the Moderating Role of Family Functioning]. / æƒ ç»ªè°ƒèŠ‚ä¸Žæ³¨æ„ç¼ºé™·å¤šåŠ¨éšœç¢æ‚£å„¿ç„¦è™‘/抑郁症状：社交问题的中介效应和家庭功能的调节.

Objective: To investigate the mediating effect of social problems in the effect pathway of emotional dysregulation influencing anxiety/depression emotions in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to explore the potential moderating effect of family functionality. Methods: A total of 235 children diagnosed with ADHD were enrolled in the study. The paticipants' age ranged from 6 to 12. Emotion Regulation Checklist, Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Social Problems Subscale, CBCL Anxious/Depressed Subscale, and Family Assessment Device were used to evaluate the emotional regulation, social problems, anxiety/depression emotions, and family functionality of the participants. A moderated mediation model was employed to analyze whether social problems and family functionality mediate and moderate the relationship between emotional regulation and anxiety/depression emotions. Results: Social problems partially mediated the impact of emotional dysregulation on anxiety/depression emotions in ADHD children, with the direct effect being 0.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.17, 0.36], P<0.001), the indirect effect being 0.13 (95% CI: [0.07, 0.19], P<0.001), and the mediating effect accounting for 33% of the total effect. Family functionality exhibited a positive moderating effect on the relationship between social problems and anxiety/depression emotions. Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of complex factors influencing anxiety/depression in children with ADHD, providing reference for the further development of targeted interventions for children with ADHD and the improvement of prognosis.

[Using Multiple Strategies to Improve Medication Cognition in Patients After Liver Transplantation].

BACKGROUND & PROBLEMS: Patients with liver transplantation must take lifelong immunosuppressant medication to maintain the function of their hepatic graft. Based on clinical experience, we found that these patients were affected by both insufficient and remaining medication when they returned for outpatient service visits. After investigating the current situation, It was found that post-transplantation perceptions regarding medication were low in this patient group. After analysis, the identified causes of this included: (1) poor learning effect due to the interference from the multiple therapeutic catheter placement postoperatively; (2) delayed timing of assessing the awareness of information or perception of medication and lack of a post-operative follow-up mechanism; and (3) insufficient educational tools and materials for patients. PURPOSE: This study was designed to increase medication awareness from the current average of 68.3% to >91% and to increase patient satisfaction with medication guidance from the current 63.0% to >85% in patients who had received liver transplantation. RESOLUTIONS: The improvement strategy included: designing a health education sheet including related medication information and a daily medication record; designing a mnemonic, interactive video, or test to improve medication perception; creating measures associated with a monitor mechanism to assess medication knowledge. RESULTS: After strategy implementation, medication awareness increased from 68.3% to 92.5% and satisfaction with medication guidance increased from 63.0% to 87.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of several strategies concurrently can enhance medication awareness in patients after liver transplantation and increase patient satisfaction with medication guidance.

[Whole exome sequencing analysis of a patient with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism and autism spectrum disorder].

OBJECTIVE: To carry out genetic testing for a patient with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: Peripheral blood samples of the patient and his parents were collected for the extraction of genomic DNA. Trio-based whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were carried out thereafter. RESULTS: The proband and his father were found to harbor a heterozygous c.4781G>A (p.Arg1594Gln) variant of the CACNA1I gene. In addition, the proband was also found to harbor a de novo c.268C>T (p.Arg90Trp) missense variant of the MTRR gene. Based on guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the c.4781G>A (p.Arg1594Gln) variant of the CACNA1I gene was predicted to be pathogenic (PVS1, PM1, PM2, PP3), while the c.268C>T (p.Arg90Trp) variant of the MTRR gene was predicted to be of uncertain significance. CONCLUSION: Variants of the CACNA1I and MTRR genes, together with the chromosomal mosaicism, may have predisposed to the susceptibility to the ASD in this patient.

Viral Characteristics of the Warm Atlantic and Cold Arctic Water Masses in the Nordic Seas.

Nordic Seas are the subarctic seas connecting the Arctic Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean with complex water masses, experiencing an abrupt climate change. Though knowledge of the marine virosphere has expanded rapidly, the diversity of viruses and their relationships with host cells and water masses in the Nordic Seas remain to be fully revealed. Here, we establish the Nordic Sea DNA virome (NSV) data set of 55,315 viral contigs including 1,478 unique viral populations from seven stations influenced by both the warm Atlantic and cold Arctic water masses. Caudovirales dominated in the seven NSVs, especially in the warm Atlantic waters. The major giant nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) contributed a significant proportion of the classified viral contigs in the NSVs (32.2%), especially in the cold Arctic waters (44.9%). The distribution patterns of Caudovirales and NCLDVs were a reflection of the community structure of their hosts in the corresponding water masses and currents. Latitude, pH, and flow speed were found to be key factors influencing the microbial communities and coinfluencing the variation of viral communities. Network analysis illustrated the tight coupling between the variation of viral communities and microbial communities in the Nordic Seas. This study suggests a probable linkage between viromes, host cells, and surface water masses from both the cool Arctic and warm Atlantic Oceans. IMPORTANCE This is a systematic study of Nordic Sea viromes using metagenomic analysis. The viral diversity, community structure, and their relationships with host cells and the complex water masses from both the cool Arctic and the warm Atlantic oceans were illustrated. The NCLDVs and Caudovirales are proposed as the viral characteristics of the cold Arctic and warm Atlantic waters, respectively. This study provides an important background for the viromes in the subarctic seas connecting the Arctic Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean and sheds light on their responses to abrupt climate change in the future.

Isolation and complete genome sequence of a novel cyanophage, S-B05, infecting an estuarine Synechococcus strain: insights into environmental adaptation.

A new cyanophage, S-B05, infecting a phycoerythrin-enriched (PE-type) Synechococcus strain was isolated by the liquid infection method, and its morphology and genetic features were examined. Phylogenetic analysis and morphological observation confirmed that S-B05 belongs to the family Myoviridae of the order Caudovirales. Its genome was fully sequenced, and found to be 208,857 bp in length with a G + C content of 39.9%. It contained 280 potential open reading frames and 123 conserved domains. Ninety-eight functional genes responsible for cyanophage structuring and packaging, DNA replication and regulation, and photosynthesis were identified, as well as genes encoding 172 hypothetical proteins. The genome of S-B05 is most similar to that of Prochlorococcus phage P-TIM68. Homologues of open reading frames of S-B05 can be found in various marine environments, as revealed by comparison of the S-B05 genome sequence to sequences in marine viral metagenomic databases. The presence of auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) related to photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, and phosphorus assimilation, as well as the phylogenetic relationships based on AMGs and the complete genome sequence, reflect the phage-host interaction mechanism or the specific adaptation strategy of the host to environmental conditions. The genome sequence information reported here will provide an important basis for further study of the adaptive evolution and ecological role of cyanophages and their hosts in the marine environment.

Characterization and Genome Analysis of a Novel Marine Alteromonas Phage P24.

Although Alteromonas is ubiquitous in the marine environment, very little is known about Alteromonas phages, with only ten, thus far, being isolated and reported on. In this study, a novel double-stranded DNA phage, Alteromonas phage P24, which infects Alteromonas macleodii, was isolated from the coastal waters off Qingdao. Alteromonas phage P24 has a siphoviral morphology, with an icosahedral head, 61 ± 1 nm in diameter, and a tail length of 105 ± 1 nm. Alteromonas phage P24 contains lipids. It has an optimal temperature and pH for growth of 20℃ and 5-7, respectively. A one-step growth curve shows a latent period of 55 min, a rise period of 65 min, and an average burst size of approximately 147 virions per cell. Alteromonas phage P24 has the genome of 46,945 bp with 43.80% GC content and 74 open reading frames (ORFs) without tRNA. The results of the phylogenetic tree, based on the mcp and terL genes, show that Alteromonas phage P24 is closely related to Aeromonas phage phiARM81ld. Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome of P24 indicates that it forms a unique viral sub-cluster within Siphoviridae. This study contributes to the understanding of the genomic characteristics and the virus-host interactions of Alteromonas phages.

Developing an assessment scale for long-term care reablement literacy in home care workers in Taiwan using a modified Delphi method.

BACKGROUND: Reablement is a philosophy of change in long-term care (LTC). Assessing the knowledge and competence of LTC professionals who provide reablement services is vital in LTC research. This study aimed to develop a scale for the assessment of long-term care reablement literacy (LTCRL) and employ this scale to assess the performance of home care workers in Taiwan. METHODS: To develop this scale, we employed the modified Delphi technique based on the theoretical framework of health literacy and the content of service delivery in reablement. Home care workers from northern, central, and southern Taiwan were selected through purposive sampling (N = 119). Participants answered a self-administered questionnaire that included items related to basic demographic characteristics and questions to assess LTCRL. RESULTS: Based on the experts' consensus on the procedure of the modified Delphi technique, the LTCRL assessment sale consists of 29 questions on four aspects of knowledge acquisition: the abilities to access/obtain, understand, process/appraise, and apply/use. The results revealed that higher education levels and better Chinese language proficiency are associated with higher LTCRL outcomes among home care workers. CONCLUSIONS: The LTCRL assessment scale based on a modified Delphi technique is useful and feasible for evaluating LTCRL in home care workers who provide reablement services in Taiwan.

Complete genomic sequence of bacteriophage P23: a novel Vibrio phage isolated from the Yellow Sea, China.

A novel Vibrio phage, P23, belonging to the family Siphoviridae was isolated from the surface water of the Yellow Sea, China. The complete genome of this phage was determined. A one-step growth curve showed that the latent period was approximately 30 min, the burst size was 24 PFU/cell, and the rise period was 20 min. The phage is host specific and is stable over a range of pH (5-10) and temperatures (4-65 °C). Transmission electron microscopy showed that phage P23 can be categorized into the Siphoviridae family, with an icosahedral head of 60 nm and a long noncontractile tail of 144 nm. The genome consisted of a linear, double-stranded 40.063 kb DNA molecule with 42.5% G+C content and 72 putative open reading frames (ORFs) without tRNA. The predicted ORFs were classified into six functional groups, including DNA replication, regulation and nucleotide metabolism, transcription, phage packaging, phage structure, lysis, and hypothetical proteins. The Vibrio phage P23 genome is a new marine Siphoviridae-family phage genome that provides basic information for further molecular research on interaction mechanisms between bacteriophages and their hosts.

[Using Time Management and Quality Improvements to Decrease the Incidence of Unexpected Skin Defects in Post-Mastectomy Breast Cancer Patients].

BACKGROUND & PROBLEMS: When patients with breast cancer undergo radical mastectomy, seromas are often caused due to the large area of excised breast tissue and the resulting cavity that fills with blood and water. Therefore, strong adhesive elastic tape and large amounts of gauze are needed to compress the wound. Our clinical experience shows that repeatedly removing dressings during dressing changes significantly increases the risk of unexpected skin defects. However, the increased duration of hospital stays required for these patients with skin defects exposes them to high risk environments, which may result in nosocomial infections and even longer hospitalization durations. PURPOSE: This project aimed to decrease the incidence of unexpected skin defects in patients after mastectomy to below 15%. RESOLUTION: After a review of the literature, we implemented this project to: (1) build up a standard operating procedure for post-mastectomy wound compression; (2) use narrow girdles instead of strong adhesive elastic tape; (3) use soft elastic bandages to replace the single layer of gauze for wound compression; (4) use a skin examination form as a continuous monitoring tool. We expected that these measurements would effectively decrease the incidence of unexpected skin defects in post-mastectomy patients. RESULTS: After implementing this project, the incidence of unexpected skin defects in post-mastectomy patients decreased from 100% to 13% and the time required by clinical nursing staff to perform wound dressing care decreased from 25 mins to 15 mins per care instance. CONCLUSIONS: We hope that this project helps effectively improve postoperative wound care quality in post-mastectomy patients and decreases the time spent by clinical nursing staff on wound dressing care.

Synthesis and applications of porous non-silica metal oxide submicrospheres.

Nowadays the development of submicroscale products of specific size and morphology that feature a high surface area to volume ratio, well-developed and accessible porosity for adsorbates and reactants, and are non-toxic, biocompatible, thermally stable and suitable as synergetic supports for precious metal catalysts is of great importance for many advanced applications. Complex porous non-silica metal oxide submicrospheres constitute an important class of materials that fulfill all these qualities and in addition, they are relatively easy to synthesize. This review presents a comprehensive appraisal of the methods used for the synthesis of a wide range of porous non-silica metal oxide particles of spherical morphology such as porous solid spheres, core-shell and yolk-shell particles as well as single-shell and multi-shell particles. In particular, hydrothermal and low temperature solution precipitation methods, which both include various structure developing strategies such as hard templating, soft templating, hydrolysis, or those taking advantage of Ostwald ripening and the Kirkendall effect, are reviewed. In addition, a critical assessment of the effects of different experimental parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature, calcination, pH and the type of reactants and solvents on the structure of the final products is presented. Finally, the practical usefulness of complex porous non-silica metal oxide submicrospheres in sensing, catalysis, biomedical, environmental and energy-related applications is presented.

Iron response regulator protein IrrB in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 helps control the iron/oxygen balance, oxidative stress tolerance, and magnetosome formation.

Magnetotactic bacteria are capable of forming nanosized, membrane-enclosed magnetosomes under iron-rich and oxygen-limited conditions. The complete genomic sequence of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain MSR-1 has been analyzed and found to contain five fur homologue genes whose protein products are predicted to be involved in iron homeostasis and the response to oxidative stress. Of these, only the MGMSRv2_3149 gene (irrB) was significantly downregulated under high-iron and low-oxygen conditions, during the transition of cell growth from the logarithmic to the stationary phase. The encoded protein, IrrB, containing the conserved HHH motif, was identified as an iron response regulator (Irr) protein belonging to the Fur superfamily. To investigate the function of IrrB, we constructed an irrB deletion mutant (ΔirrB). The levels of cell growth and magnetosome formation were lower in the ΔirrB strain than in the wild type (WT) under both high-iron and low-iron conditions. The ΔirrB strain also showed lower levels of iron uptake and H2O2 tolerance than the WT. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis indicated that the irrB mutation reduced the expression of numerous genes involved in iron transport, iron storage, heme biosynthesis, and Fe-S cluster assembly. Transcription studies of the other fur homologue genes in the ΔirrB strain indicated complementary functions of the Fur proteins in MSR-1. IrrB appears to be directly responsible for iron metabolism and homeostasis and to be indirectly involved in magnetosome formation. We propose two IrrB-regulated networks (under high- and low-iron conditions) in MSR-1 cells that control the balance of iron and oxygen metabolism and account for the coexistence of five Fur homologues.

Dynamic Changes of Fundus and Predictors of Visual Prognosis in New-Onset Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease.

PURPOSE: To characterize the dynamic changes of fundus in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease through enhanced spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and explore the predictors of visual prognosis. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 2152 VKH patients referred to our uveitis center from January 2013 to April 2022 were screened; 151 new-onset VKH patients (299 eyes) and 82 healthy controls (164 eyes) were included. The manifestations of fundus at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months after treatment were analysed and their relevance to visual prognosis were evaluated. RESULTS: After retinal detachment (RD) (97.3%) and optic disc swelling (100%) presented at baseline, retinal reattachment (81.6%) and the granular hyperreflective depositions at the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) (61.5%) were observed at month 1. The RPE and ellipsoid zone rearrangement accompanying interdigitation zone attenuation (57.9%) was noted finally. Choroidal thickness of patients was higher than that in the controls at baseline and month 1 (both P < 0.001). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]) (P < 0.001; OR, 4.01), subretinal fibrinoid exudate (P < 0.001; OR, 3.9) and RPE folds (p = 0.001; OR, 2.39) at baseline, and the RD at month 1 (P < 0.001; OR, 3.42) were associated with visual prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: New-onset VKH patients after treatment exhibited dynamic changes in the fundus especially the outer retina during a 12-month period. The BCVA, subretinal fibrinoid exudate, and RPE folds at baseline, and RD at month May 1, serve as predictors of visual prognosis.

Prox1a promotes liver growth and differentiation by repressing cdx1b expression and intestinal fate transition in zebrafish.

The liver is a key endoderm-derived multifunctional organ within the digestive system. Prospero homeobox 1 (Prox1) is an essential transcription factor for liver development, but its specific function is not well understood. Here, we show that hepatic development, including the formation of intrahepatic biliary and vascular networks, is severely disrupted in prox1a mutant zebrafish. We find that Prox1a is essential for liver growth and proper differentiation but not required for early hepatic cell fate specification. Intriguingly, prox1a depletion leads to ectopic initiation of a Cdx1b-mediated intestinal program and the formation of intestinal lumen-like structures within the liver. Morpholino knockdown of cdx1b alleviates liver defects in the prox1a mutant zebrafish. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis reveals that Prox1a binds directly to the promoter region of cdx1b, thereby repressing its expression. Overall, our findings indicate that Prox1a is required to promote and protect hepatic development by repression of Cdx1b-mediated intestinal cell fate in zebrafish.

Exome functional risk score and brain connectivity can predict social adaptability outcome of children with autism spectrum disorder in 4 years' follow up.

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder emerging in early childhood, with heterogeneous clinical outcomes across individuals. This study aims to recognize neuroimaging genetic factors associated with outcomes of ASD after a 4-year follow-up. Methods: A total of 104 ASD children were included in this study; they underwent clinical assessments, MRI data acquisition, and the whole exome sequencing (WES). Exome functional risk score (EFRS) was calculated based on WES; and two modalities of brain connectivity were constructed based on MRI data, that is functional connectivity (FC) for functional MRI (fMRI), and individual differential structural covariance network (IDSCN) for structural MRI (sMRI), to explore the neuroimaging genetic biomarker of outcomes of ASD children. Results: Regression analysis found EFRS predicts social adaptability at the 4-year follow-up (Y = -0.013X + 9.29, p = 0.003). We identified 19 pairs of FC associated with autism symptoms severity at follow-up, 10 pairs of FC and 4 pairs of IDSCN associated with social adaptability at follow-up, and 10 pairs of FC associated with ASD EFRS by support vector regression (SVR). Related brain regions with prognostic predictive effects are mainly distributed in superior frontal gyrus, occipital cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex, paracentral lobule, pallidum, and amygdala for FC, and temporal cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus for IDSCN. Mediation model showed that ASD EFRS affects the social communication of ASD children through the mediation of FC between left middle occipital gyrus and left pallidum (RMSEA=0.126, CMIN=80.66, DF=42, p< 0.001, CFI=0.867, AIC=152). Discussion: Our findings underscore that both EFRS and brain connectivity can predict social adaptability, and that brain connectivity serving as mediator in the relationship of EFRS and behaviors of ASD, suggesting the intervention targets in the future clinical application.

Effects of shading on morphology, photosynthesis characteristics, and yield of different shade-tolerant peanut varieties at the flowering stage.

Introduction: In maize and peanut intercropping, shading emerges as a critical factor for restricting peanut growth, yield, and quality. Methods: This study investigated the impact of 30% shade on shade-tolerant [Huayu 22 (HY22) and Fuhua 12 (FH12)] and shade-sensitive [Nonghua 11 (NH11) and Nonghua 5(NH5)] peanut varieties, with non-shaded condition as the control (CK). The effects of shade stress on plant morphology, photosynthetic characteristics, dry-matter accumulation, chloroplast ultra-microstructure, yield, and quality of different shade-tolerant peanut varieties were examined. Results: Compared to that in the control, shade stress led to an elongation of the main stem, shortening of the lateral branches, and reduction in the leaf area. However, these changes were less significant in the shade-tolerant than in the shade-sensitive peanut varieties, with minimal effect on the elongation of the main stem height and shortening of the lateral branches. Differences in leaf area became significant during the later stages of shade stress, particularly pronounced in the shade-sensitive peanut varieties. To enhance light capture by leaves, the shade-tolerant peanut varieties exhibited increased chlorophyll content and chloroplast grain-layer numbers. The decrease in the chlorophyll a/b ratio was more pronounced in the shade-tolerant than in the shade-sensitive peanut varieties, with significant differences. However, reduced activities of ribulose 1,5-biphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase and fructose 1,6-biphosphate aldolase (FBA) resulted in decreased net photosynthetic rates, particularly evident in the shade-sensitive peanut varieties during the late shade period. Shade stress led to decreased dry-matter accumulation, reduced weight of 100 fruits and kernels, and a significant decline in yield in the shade-sensitive cultivars. Shading also affected peanut-kernel quality. Compared with that in the control, the protein content increased and amino-acid (except cysteine) content decreased in the shade-tolerant cultivars. Discussion: Under shade stress, shade tolerant peanut varieties have increased the yield by improving the photosynthetic efficiency, which provided a reference for rational selection of shade tolerant peanut varieties in maize and peanut intercropping system.

Inverse relationship between central obesity and osteoporosis in osteoporotic drug naive elderly females: The Tianliao Old People (TOP) Study.

To examine the relationship between central obesity and osteoporosis in elderly females in a rural community, a total of 368 ambulatory elderly women were recruited by random sampling during July 2009. Structured questionnaires were completed to survey possible osteoporosis-related risk factors. Subjects were dichotomized into either noncentral obese (waist circumference [WC]<80cm) or central obese subgroups (WC≥80cm) for further analysis. Bone mineral densities were scanned by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry installed in a mobile bus. Thoracolumbar spine X-ray examination was interpreted by the same radiologist. Of the 365 subjects with completed data, 275 (75.3%) aged women were classified as having osteoporosis based on diagnostic Model III. Compared with the nonosteoporosis subjects, the subjects with osteoporosis had relatively higher mean age, lower body mass index, and a lower percentage of central obesity. Using the binary logistic regression method, central obesity was negatively associated with osteoporosis in all 3 models (odds ratios in the 3 models were 0.348, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.130-0.927; 0.444, 95% CI: 0.218-0.905; and 0.415, 95% CI: 0.184-0.936, respectively; p<0.05). Our study suggests that the paradox between central obesity and osteoporosis in elderly women should be of concern and warrants further study.

[Promoting complete and thorough nurse shift-change reporting in a postoperative recovery room].

BACKGROUND & PROBLEMS: Detailed descriptions of nursing shift tasks are necessary to achieve comprehensive nursing care. The 22 cases of postoperative recovery ward error reported by our unit included chest tube obstructions, lost dentures and other nursing issues. To improve patient health and nurse shift quality, our unit established an ad hoc group to collect data helpful to overcoming problems attributable to nurse shift changes. We aimed to better nursing care by facilitating individualized patient care and avoiding accidents detrimental to patient safety. PURPOSE: This project was designed to raise the rate of 100% completion of nursing shift-change tasks to 91% of postoperative recovery room nurses. RESOLUTION: Newly revised operating standards regarding the recovery period after anesthesia established guidelines for a regular audit mechanism and in-service education programs for recovery room shift tasks. RESULT: Full completion of shift tasks in the postoperative recovery room improved from 73.5% to 98.6% of nurses. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive completion of postoperative nursing shift-change tasks increases communication between team members, provides continuous care for patients, and enhances overall nursing care quality.

Brain white matter microstructure abnormalities in children with optimal outcome from autism: a four-year follow-up study.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder, with only a small proportion of people obtaining optimal outcomes. We do not know if children with ASD exhibit abnormalities in the white matter (WM) microstructure or if this pattern would predict ASD prognosis in a longitudinal study. 182 children with ASD were recruited for MRI and clinical assessment; 111 completed a four-year follow-up visit (30 with optimal outcomes, ASD-; 81 with persistent diagnosis, ASD+). Additionally, 72 typically developing controls (TDC) were recruited. The microstructural integrity of WM fiber tracts was revealed using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and probabilistic tractography analyses. We examined the neuroimaging abnormality associated with ASD and its relationship to ASD with optimal outcome. The ASD+ and TDC groups were propensity score matched to the ASD- group in terms of age, gender, and IQ. TBSS indicated that children with ASD exhibited abnormalities in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and extending to the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR) and cingulum; whereas the ASD+ group showed more severe abnormalities than the ASD- group. Probabilistic tractography analysis revealed that ASD+ group exhibited lower Fractional Anisotropy (FA) of the left superior thalamic radiation (STR L) than ASD- group, and that FA value of the STR L was a significant predictor of optimal outcome (EX(B), 6.25; 95% CI 2.50-15.63; p < 0.001). Children with ASD showed significant variations in SLF_L and STR_L, and STR_L was a predictor of 'ASD with optimal outcome'. Our findings may aid in comprehension of the mechanisms of 'ASD with optimal outcome'.

Virioplankton assemblages from challenger deep, the deepest place in the oceans.

Hadal ocean biosphere, that is, the deepest part of the world's oceans, harbors a unique microbial community, suggesting a potential uncovered co-occurring virioplankton assemblage. Herein, we reveal the unique virioplankton assemblages of the Challenger Deep, comprising 95,813 non-redundant viral contigs from the surface to the hadal zone. Almost all of the dominant viral contigs in the hadal zone were unclassified, potentially related to Alteromonadales and Oceanospirillales. 2,586 viral auxiliary metabolic genes from 132 different KEGG orthologous groups were mainly related to the carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and arsenic metabolism. Lysogenic viral production and integrase genes were augmented in the hadal zone, suggesting the prevalence of viral lysogenic life strategy. Abundant rve genes in the hadal zone, which function as transposase in the caudoviruses, further suggest the prevalence of viral-mediated horizontal gene transfer. This study provides fundamental insights into the virioplankton assemblages of the hadal zone, reinforcing the necessity of incorporating virioplankton into the hadal biogeochemical cycles.