Synthesis, biological evaluation and 3D-QSAR study of novel 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole thiazole derivatives as BRAF(V6°°E) inhibitors.

Many reports implied that the BRAF serine/threonine kinase was mutated in various types of human tumors, which were related with cell growth, survival and differentiation. To provide new therapeutic opportunities, a series of novel 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivatives (6a-10d) containing thiazole moiety as potential V600E mutant BRAF kinase (BRAF(V600E)) inhibitors were designed and synthesized. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for anticancer activities against WM266.4 human melanoma cell line and breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. Compound 10d displayed the most potential antiproliferative activity with an IC50 value of 0.12µM against cell line WM266.4 and 0.16µM against MCF-7 with positive control Sorafenib. Results of the inhibitory activity against BRAF(V600E) revealed that compound 10d was bearing the best bioactivity with IC50 of 0.05µM as well. On the basis of the result of flow cytometry, with the dose of compound 10d increasing, more and more cancer cell gradually encountered apoptosis or died, which indicated the compound 10d could induce remarkable apoptosis of MCF-7 and WM266.4 cells in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, docking simulation of inhibitor analogues and 3D-QSAR modeling provided potential binding model and further knowledge of pharmacophore.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole derivatives as potential BRAF(V600E) inhibitors.

A series of novel 5-phenyl-1H-pyrazole derivatives (5 a-5 u) containing niacinamide moiety were synthesized and evaluated for biological activity as potential BRAF(V600E) inhibitors. Among them, compound 5h exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.33 µM for BRAF(V600E). Antiproliferative assay results indicated that compound 5h has better antiproliferative activity against WM266.4 and A375 in vitro with IC50 value of 2.63 and 3.16 µM, respectively, being comparable with the positive control vemurafenib. Molecular docking of 5h into the BRAF(V600E) active site was performed to determine the probable binding mode. Furthermore, molecular docking and 3D QSAR study by means of DS 3.5 (Discovery Studio 3.5, Accelrys, Co. Ltd) explored the binding modes and the structure and activity relationship (SAR) of these derivatives.

Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of novel 5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol derivatives as potential BRAF(V600E) inhibitors.

The RAF-MEK-ERK cascade appears to be intimately involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. The BRAF(V600E) mutant results in constitutive activation of the ERK pathway, which can lead to cellular growth dysregulation. A series of 5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol derivatives (3a-5e) have been designed and synthesized, and their biological activities were evaluated as potential BRAF(V600E) inhibitors. All the compounds were reported for the first time except 3e, and compound 1-(4-bromo-2-hydroxybenzyl)-3-phenyl-1-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)urea (5c) displayed the most potent inhibitory activity (BRAF(V600E) IC50 = 0.19 µM). Antiproliferative assay results indicated that compound 5c possessed high antiproliferative activity against cell lines WM266.4 and A375 in vitro, with IC50 values of 1.50 and 1.32 µM, respectively, which were comparable with the positive control vemurafenib. Docking simulations showed that compound 5c binds tightly to the BRAF(V600E) active site and acts as BRAF(V600E) inhibitor. A 3D-QSAR model was also built to provide more pharmacophore understanding towards designing new agents with more potent BRAF(V600E) inhibitory activity.

Synthesis, biological evaluation and 3D-QSAR studies of novel 5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol cinnamamide derivatives as novel antitubulin agents.

A series of novel 5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol derivatives (5a-5x) containing cinnamamide moiety were synthesized and their biological activities as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors were evaluated. Among them, compound 5j exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 1.02 µM for tubulin, which was superior to that of Colchicine (IC50 = 1.34 µM). Docking simulation was performed to insert compound 5j into the crystal structure of tubulin at colchicine binding site to determine the probable binding model. 3D-QSAR model was also built to provide more pharmacophore understanding that could be used to design new agents with more potent tubulin inhibitory activity.

Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of flavone and isoflavone derivatives as a novel class of KSP (kinesin spindle protein) inhibitors.

The kinesin spindle protein (KSP) is involved in the formation of bipolar mitotic spindle during cell division and it becomes a new target to overcome the neurotoxicity of MTs inhibitors. A series of flavone and isoflavone derivatives (1a-7c) have been designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential KSP inhibitors. Among them, 2c displayed the most potent inhibitory activity in vitro, which inhibited the growth of MCF-7 and Hela cell lines with IC50 values of 4.8 and 4.3 µM, respectively, and also exhibited significant KSP inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.023 µM). The new compounds can induce irregular monoastral spindles, the characteristic phenotype for KSP inhibiting agents. Docking simulation was further performed to determine the probable binding model.