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1.
Ann Oncol ; 35(1): 91-97, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37871703

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The antibody-drug conjugates sacituzumab govitecan (SG) and enfortumab vedotin (EV) are standard monotherapies for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Given the different targets and payloads, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of SG + EV in a phase I trial in mUC (NCT04724018). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with mUC and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤1 who had progressed on platinum and/or immunotherapy were enrolled. SG + EV were administered on days 1 + 8 of a 21-day cycle until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint was the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities during cycle 1. The number of patients treated at each of four pre-specified dose levels (DLs) and the maximum tolerated doses in combination (MTD) were determined using a Bayesian Optimal Interval design. Objective response, progression-free survival, and overall survival were secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Between May 2021 and April 2023, 24 patients were enrolled; 1 patient never started therapy and was excluded from the analysis. Median age was 70 years (range 41-88 years); 11 patients received ≥3 lines of therapy. Seventy-eight percent (18/23) of patients experienced grade ≥3 adverse event (AE) regardless of attribution at any DL, with one grade 5 AE (pneumonitis possibly related to EV). The recommended phase II doses are SG 8 mg/kg with EV 1.25 mg/kg with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support; MTDs are SG 10 mg/kg with EV 1.25 mg/kg. The objective response rate was 70% (16/23, 95% confidence interval 47% to 87%) with three complete responses; three patients had progressive disease as best response. With a median follow-up of 14 months, 9/23 patients have ongoing response including 6 responses lasting over 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of SG + EV was assessed at different DLs and a safe dose for phase II was identified. The combination had encouraging activity in patients with mUC with high response rates, including clinically significant complete responses. Additional study of this combination is warranted.


Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Camptotecina/análogos & derivados , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales , Inmunoconjugados , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Teorema de Bayes , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Inmunoconjugados/efectos adversos
2.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 58(1): 92-97, 2024 Jan 06.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38228555

RESUMEN

At present, the research on Global Health Competencies is mainly conducted in the field of the establishment of competency models and application of indicators. This review summarizes the research progress of the Global Health Competency and its models, and focuses on cutting-edge research from the aspects of target audience, purpose, content, classical model, methods and future development. The competency model is suggested to be adjusted and updated according to the practices of different countries and regions. The research and funding of the competency model in the field of public health is suggested to be strengthened, and the global health and diplomacy are suggested to be combined to enrich and improve the competency model. Finally, this review aims to promote Global Health Competencies research in China, especially to improve the global health talent training system and relevant policies in further research.


Asunto(s)
Salud Global , Salud Pública , Humanos , Salud Pública/educación , China
3.
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 103(28): 2163-2167, 2023 Jul 25.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37482728

RESUMEN

Objective: To explore the rate of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin and the common mutation patterns of resistance genes in Ningxia, and to assess the concordance between phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Patients diagnosed with Hp infection in 14 hospitals in Ningxia region from February 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively selected. Hp strains were isolated from gastric biopsy specimens of Hp-infected patients and subjected to phenotypic drug sensitivity testing and detection of resistance genes to analyze the rate of Hp resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin and the common mutation patterns of resistance genes in Ningxia region; and the concordance rate and Kappa concordance test were used to assess the concordance between phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance. Results: A total of 1 942 Hp strains were isolated and cultured, and among the infections, 1 069 cases (55.0%) were male and 873 cases (45.0%) were female, aged (50.0±12.5) years (15-86 years). The rates of Hp resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin in Ningxia were 42.1% (818/1 942) and 40.1% (779/1 942), respectively, and the rate of dual resistance to both was 22.8% (443/1 942). The rate of resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin of Hp strains from female patients was higher than in male patients (levofloxacin: 50.4%(440/873) vs 35.4%(378/1 069); clarithromycin: 44.4%(388/873) vs 36.6%(391/1 069), both P<0.001). Among the GyrA gene mutations associated with levofloxacin resistance, the differences in mutation rate of amino acid at positions 87 and 91 were statistically significant in both drug-resistant and sensitive strains(both P<0.001), except for Asn87Thr. Hp strains were statistically significant for levofloxacin (Kappa=0.834, P<0.001) and clarithromycin (Kappa=0.829, P<0.001) had good concordance in resistance at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. Conclusion: The resistance of Hp to levofloxacin and clarithromycin in Ningxia region is severe, and there is good consistency between genotypic and phenotypic resistance.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Claritromicina/farmacología , Estudios Transversales , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Levofloxacino/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años
4.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban ; 53(1): 83-87, 2020 Dec 24.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33550340

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To compare the registration accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) facial scans for the design of full-arch implant supported restoration by five methods and to explore the suitable registration method. METHODS: According to the criteria, ten patients with maxillary edentulous jaw or end-stage dentition requiring implant supported restorations were enrolled in this study. A special rim with individual feature marks reflected appropriate occlusal relationship and esthetic characteristics was made for each patient. Both 3D facial scan data of natural laughter and with opener traction to expose the teeth or occlusal rim of each patient were acquired by facial scan and input to the digital analysis software Geomagic Qualify 2012. The dataset was superimposed by five different methods: seven facial anatomical landmark points alignment, facial immobile area alignment (forehead and nasal area), facial anatomical landmark points and immobile area combining alignment, facial feature points alignment, facial and intraoral feature points alignment with the same local coordinate system. The three-dimensional deviation of the same selected area was calculated, the smaller the deviation, the higher the registration accuracy. The 3D deviation was compared among the three registration methods of facial anatomical landmark points, facial immobile area alignment and the combination of the above two methods. Friedman test was performed to analyze the difference among the three methods (α=0.05). The effect of the aid of the facial and intraoral feature points were evaluated. Paired t test were performed to analyze the difference (P<0.05). RESULTS: The average three-dimensional deviation of the selected area after alignment with the facial anatomical landmarks was (1.501 2±0.406 1) mm, significantly larger than that of the facial immobile area best-fit alignment [(0.629 1±0.150 6) mm] and the combination of the two methods[(0.629 1±0.150 6) mm] (P < 0.001). The aid of the facial feature points could significantly reduce the deviation (t=1.001 3, P < 0.001). There was no significant statistical difference in the remaining groups. CONCLUSION: The forehead area of the 3D facial scan can be exposed as much as possible. The establishment of facial characteristic landmark points and the use of the invariant area alignment can improve the accuracy of registration. It should be clinically feasible to apply three-dimensional facial scan to the design of full-arch implant supported restoration with the registration of the immobile area on the face especially the forehead area.


Asunto(s)
Diseño Asistido por Computadora , Arcada Edéntula , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Arcada Edéntula/diagnóstico por imagen , Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Cintigrafía
5.
Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi ; 28(9): 766-772, 2020 Sep 20.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33053977

RESUMEN

Objective: To investigate the changing rules with (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) in order to provide human research theoretical basis with varying degrees of liver fibrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. Methods: Liver fibrosis model in twenty-two cynomolgus monkey was successfully established with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). Among them, fifteen cynomolgus monkey developed to early-stage liver cirrhosis (S4 stage). A comparative study was conducted in 15 cynomolgus monkeys that had fully developed liver fibrosis. The changing rules for varying degrees of liver fibrosis in cynomolgus monkeys were analyzed with (1)H-MRS. Supplementary methods: statistical analysis was performed using compatibility group design and analysis of variance for each research indicators. SNK-q test was used for pairwise comparison between the groups. The correlation between the 1H-MRS research indicators and the severity of liver fibrosis was analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation. Results: The Cho of (1)H-MRS was increased with the severity of liver fibrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. Moreover, there were statistically significant (P < 0.01) differences between liver fibrosis staging (S1 ~ S4) and normal liver tissue (S0 stage), severe liver fibrosis staging (S3 and S4) and mild to moderate liver fibrosis staging (S1 and S2). Compared with S0 stage, the peak value of lipid in S1 stage was significantly higher than that of S2 stage, and the peak value of lipid in S3 and S4 stage was significantly lower than that of S0 stage, and the differences between S1, S3, S4 and S0 stages were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The Cho/lipid ratio had gradually increased with the severity of liver fibrosis progression and the differences between groups were statistical significant (P < 0.01). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between Cho / lipid ratio and pathological stage of liver fibrosis was 0.98 (P = 0.000). ROC curve analysis showed that Cho / lipid ratio was the most significant diagnostic indicator for liver fibrosis. The threshold values of CHO/lipid ratio were≥ 0.028, and≥ 0.131 (P < 0.01) for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and early-stage cirrhosis. Conclusion: (1)H-MRS of the cynomolgus monkey liver fibrosis model changes rules regularly with the aggravation of severity of liver fibrosis. Among them, the Cho/lipid ratio is the most valuable indicator for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis staging, which may provide a theoretical basis for the study of human liver fibrosis.


Asunto(s)
Cirrosis Hepática , Hígado , Animales , Hígado/diagnóstico por imagen , Hígado/patología , Cirrosis Hepática/diagnóstico por imagen , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Macaca fascicularis , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Espectroscopía de Protones por Resonancia Magnética
6.
Andrologia ; 50(2)2018 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28776758

RESUMEN

To investigate the effect of a high-fat diet and aerobic exercise intervention and its related mechanism on rat germ cell apoptosis. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, high-fat diet group, control exercise group and high-fat exercise group. Rats were fed with high-fat diet or were given weight-free swimming. The levels of TG, TC, HDL, LDL and IL-6 in serum of rats were measured. The body weight, body length and inguinal fat weight were measured to calculate the Lee's index and lipid/body weight ratio. The expression of IL-6 mRNA in inguinal fat and IL-6R,Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA in testis was detected by RT-PCR. The morphological structure of testis was observed, and the Johnsen's ten-point score was calculated by HE staining, and the germ cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method. We got from the experimental results: a high-fat diet induces obesity and lipid metabolism disorder, alters testis morphological structure and increases germ cell apoptosis in rats. Aerobic exercise improves the lipid metabolism disorder and interferes with germ cell apoptosis by reducing interleukin-6 and interleukin-6 receptor expression.


Asunto(s)
Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Obesidad/terapia , Receptores de Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Espermatozoides/patología , Testículo/metabolismo , Animales , Apoptosis , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Masculino , Obesidad/etiología , Obesidad/metabolismo , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/psicología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Testículo/citología
7.
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban ; 50(2): 314-317, 2018 Apr 18.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29643532

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of a modified semi-fixed bridge to restore a missing posterior tooth for three years. METHODS: In the study, 38 cases with a posterior tooth missed were chosen as experiment group. The inclusion criteria for these cases required that one abutment tooth be defected, and another abutment intact. The missed posterior tooth was restored with a modified semi-fixed bridge in which a metal wing retainer was applied to the intact abutment tooth and a full crown retainer was applied to the defected abutment tooth, and the non-rigid connector linked to the metal wing retainer and the pontic, while the rigid connector linked to the full crown retainer and the pontic. And 42 cases with same abutment conditions were chosen as control group. These control patients were treated with classical rigidly-fixed partial dentures. The clinical effects regarding the bridge survival, abutment conditions, and etc. were observed by examination. RESULTS: The average observation time for experiment group was 40.3 months (from 9 to 60 months). One case failed with loose crown retainer after 7 months' usage. Another failed case was the same performance after 20 months' wearing. The restorations were rebounded after the inner face of crowns was treated, and they were used normally. No loose abutment and retainer, no decayed abutment teeth were found, and the marginal adaptations between retainers and abutment teeth were good. The average observation time of control group was 44.7 months(from 22 to 50 months). No secondary decays and loose abutment teeth were detected and the marginal adaptation of the retainers was good. CONCLUSION: This modified semi-fixed bridge has similar survival rate and clinical effects to restore a missing posterior tooth when compared with the traditional rigidly-fixed partial dentures. But the long-term observation is required.


Asunto(s)
Pilares Dentales , Dentadura Parcial Fija , Coronas , Humanos , Pérdida de Diente
9.
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi ; 56(2): 99-103, 2017 Feb 01.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28162178

RESUMEN

Objective: To explore the risk factors for lung cancer-related cerebral infarction. Methods: The hospitalized active lung cancer patients on anti-cancer therapy with no traditional stroke risk factors, who experienced an acute cerebral infarct in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2005 to December 2015, were consecutively collected as the LCRS (lung cancer-related stroke) group. The active lung cancer patients without cerebral infarction hospitalized at the same peroid matched with the LCRS group for age and gender were collected as the LC (lung cancer) group. Clinical data from the two groups were analyzed. Results: A total of 139 LCRS patients and 139 LC patients were enrolled in the study, with 110 male and 29 female in each group, and there were no significant difference for the mean age between the LCRS group (52.1±10.4 years old ) and the LC group (52.1±10.1 years old). Two or more acute ischemic lesions of the brain were showed by MRI in most patients in the LCRS group (117 cases, 84.2%). Compared with the LC group, more patients in the LCRS group were found with adenocarcinoma, metastasis, elevated plasma D-dimer, CA125 and CA199 levels [88 cases (63.3%) vs 47 cases (33.8%); 98 cases (70.5%) vs 56 cases (40.3%); (468.38±291.37) µg/L vs (277.59±191.22) µg/L; (221.42±146.34) U/ml vs (106.84±69.97) U/ml; (254.68±185.84) U/ml vs (97.15±63.64) U/ml; with all P<0.001]. By logistic regression analysis of multiple factors, the elevated plasma D-dimer, CA125 and CA199 levels were showed to be independent risk factors for the cerebral infarction (OR=1.003, 95%CI 1.001-1.004; OR=1.006, 95%CI 1.003-1.010; OR=1.011, 95%CI 1.007-1.015). Conclusions: The elevated plasma D-dimer, CA125 and CA199 levels are the risk factors for the lung cancer related cerebral infarction, which may lead to hypercoagulation and induce cerebral infarction eventually.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/complicaciones , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Infarto Cerebral/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Encéfalo , Antígeno Ca-125/sangre , Antígeno CA-19-9/sangre , Infarto Cerebral/sangre , China , Femenino , Productos de Degradación de Fibrina-Fibrinógeno/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/sangre , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Factores de Riesgo , Accidente Cerebrovascular/patología
10.
Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi ; 46(12): 817-821, 2017 Dec 08.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29224273

RESUMEN

Objective: To investigate the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) among different molecular subtypes of breast cancers using molecular classification with Ki-67 (ER+ PR+ HER2+ Ki-67) or without Ki-67 (ER+ PR+ HER2). Methods: One hundred and twenty-seven cases of invasive breast cancer confirmed by core needle biopsy before NAC were collected from January 2007 to December 2009 and diagnosed at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. The cases were classified into different molecular subtypes using molecular classifications with or without Ki-67. Their clinical and pathological response to NAC was evaluated and compared. Results: The different subtypes using both molecular classifications showed significant difference in clinical response(with Ki-67: χ(2)=22.40, P<0.01; without Ki-67: χ(2)=9.202, P=0.027)but not pathological(P>0.05) response to NAC. By multivariate analysis, Ki-67 was predictive for a clinical complete response (P=0.041) and clinical overall response (P<0.01); also Ki-67 was the only clinicopathological factor predictive of pathological response(P=0.041). Conclusion: The molecular classification with Ki-67 is better to predict breast cancers responsiveness to NAC than the molecular classification without Ki-67.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/inmunología , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , China , Femenino , Humanos , Análisis Multivariante , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Resultado del Tratamiento
12.
Genet Mol Res ; 14(4): 17972-81, 2015 Dec 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26782444

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of local administration of odanacatib (ODN) on orthodontic root resorption and the status of alveolar bone metabolism in rat molars. All specimens were scanned using microcomputed tomography and then the raw images were reconstructed. The total volume of the root resorption craters of the 60 g-NS (normal saline) group was higher than in the 60 g-ODN group and the control group. In the 60 g-NS group, the bone volume fraction values of alveolar bone were significantly decreased compared with the other 2 groups. There were no significant differences in the bone volume fraction values of the tibiae among the 3 groups. The results of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) numbers showed that there was no difference between the 60 g-NS group and the 60 g-ODN group. The expression of cathepsin K was decreased significantly in the 60 g-ODN group. These results indicate that ODN reduces orthodontics-induced external root resorption and increases alveolar bone metabolism. This may be because ODN inhibits the activity of odontoclasts, but maintains the quantity of odontoclasts and enhances bone formation. ODN promotes local alveolar bone metabolism, but does not affect systemic bone metabolism.


Asunto(s)
Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/tratamiento farmacológico , Compuestos de Bifenilo/administración & dosificación , Huesos/metabolismo , Resorción Radicular/tratamiento farmacológico , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/metabolismo , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/patología , Animales , Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Catepsina K/biosíntesis , Humanos , Diente Molar/metabolismo , Diente Molar/patología , Osteoclastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoclastos/metabolismo , Ratas , Resorción Radicular/metabolismo , Resorción Radicular/patología , Técnicas de Movimiento Dental , Microtomografía por Rayos X
13.
Scand J Immunol ; 80(5): 323-6, 2014 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25124506

RESUMEN

The study was to analyse the relationship between the alternative exon 7 splice variant of the BF gene and MHC-related Marek's disease (MD) resistance in chickens. The experiment first determined whether or not the cocks of Xiayan chickens have alternative splicing-out of the exon 7 of the BF gene from peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs). Then, selected two groups: Group K included the offspring of the selected cocks which have no alternative splicing-out of the exon 7 of the BF gene; Group Y included the offspring of the selected cocks which have alternative splicing-out of the exon 7 of the BF gene. All hens used in the cross-breeding were non-selected. The experimental chickens were challenged with a very virulent strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) at 4 days old and were raised for 12 weeks. At this time, all the surviving chickens were killed and necropsy was also performed during the experiment whenever chickens died from the infection. Tumour incidence and mortality were calculated using SPSS, and the tissues were collected to detect MDV by PCR. The results showed that the mortalities of Group K and Y were 52.75% and 70.65%, respectively; and that the tumour incidences of non-alternative splicing-out of the exon 7 of the BF for Groups K and Y were 15.38% and 38.89%, respectively; the tumour incidences for the alternative splicing-out of the exon 7 were 46.15% and 56.76%, respectively. The results demonstrated the tumour incidence was highly related with the alternative exon 7 splice variant of the BF gene (P < 0.05).


Asunto(s)
Empalme Alternativo , Pollos/genética , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Exones/genética , Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad/genética , Enfermedad de Marek/genética , Animales , Pollos/inmunología , Femenino , Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad/inmunología , Masculino , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética
14.
Heliyon ; 10(2): e24428, 2024 Jan 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38293438

RESUMEN

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Sc alloys with different Sc contents were fabricated by casting, deformation, and T6 treatment. Deformation methods including rolling and friction-stir processing (FSP) were used to design their grain structure. A low additive amount (0.1) of Sc cannot refine the grains of the alloy with rolling and T6 treatment, and it instead coarsened the grains. The reason was the non-uniform distribution of nanosize Al3(Sc,Zr) phases that led to the occurrence of abnormal grain growth during homogenization. Meanwhile, the alloy with only 0.1Sc exhibited finer grains after FSP and T6 treatment than the alloys subjected to the same process but with higher Sc additive amount. Alloys with rolling-induced elongated grain structure exhibited better mechanical properties, and alloys with FSP-induced fine equiaxed grain structure exhibited higher high-strain and high-temperature internal friction values. These features are important performance parameters for applications in fields where vibration and noise are sensitive. The optimum additive amounts of Sc for alloys with elongated and fine equiaxed grain structures were 0.25 and 0.1, respectively.

15.
Nat Commun ; 13(1): 726, 2022 Feb 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35132071

RESUMEN

Nanometer-thick passive films, which impart superior corrosion resistance to metals, are degraded in long-term service; they are also susceptible to chloride-induced localized attack. Here we show, by engineering crystallographic configurations upon metal matrices adjacent to their passive films, we obtain great enhancement of corrosion resistance of FeCr15Ni15 single crystal in sulphuric acid, with activation time up to two orders of magnitude longer than that of the non-engineered counterparts. Meanwhile, engineering crystallography decreases the passive current density and shifts the pitting potential to noble values. Applying anodic polarizations under a transpassivation potential, we make the metal matrices underneath the transpassive films highly uneven with {111}-terminated configurations, which is responsible for the enhancement of corrosion resistance. The transpassivation strategy also works in the commercial stainless steels where both grain interior and grain boundaries are rebuilt into the low-energy configurations. Our results demonstrate a technological implication in the pretreatment process of anti-corrosion engineering.

16.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi ; 43(12): 1875-1880, 2022 Dec 10.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36572457

RESUMEN

Objective: To evaluate the possible mediation effect of smoking and healthy diet score on the association between educational level and the risk of lung cancer incidence. Methods: After excluding individuals with missing educational levels and cancer information at baseline, 446 772 participants in the UK Biobank (UKB) prospective cohort study were included. Cox regression models were used to investigate the associations of educational level and smoking and healthy diet score with the incidence of lung cancer. Mediating effect analysis was conducted to analyze the mediating effect of smoking and healthy diet score on the correlation between educational level and lung cancer. Results: During a median follow-up of 7.13 years, 1 994 new- onset lung cancer cases were observed. Per 1 standard deviation (5 years) increase in educational level was associated with a 12% lower risk of lung cancer (HR=0.88, 95%CI: 0.84-0.92). The corresponding level 1-5 in the International Standard Classification for Education (ISCED) were mapped to UKB self-report highest qualification to estimate the educational level. A higher rank means a higher educational level. Compared with level ISCED-1, the HR(95%CI) of level ISCED-2, ISCED-3, ISCED-4 and ISCED-5 were respectively 0.83 (0.72-0.94), 0.67 (0.53-0.85), 0.76 (0.65-0.89) and 0.72 (0.64-0.80) for lung cancer. Education years were negatively correlated with smoking, with ß coefficients (95%CI) being -0.079 (-0.081- -0.077), but positively correlated with healthy diet score (ß=0.042, 95%CI: 0.039-0.045). Analysis of mediating effect indicated that the association of educational level with lung cancer risk was mediated by smoking and healthy diet score, the proportions of mediating effect were 38.952% (95%CI: 31.802%-51.659%) and 1.784% (95%CI: 0.405%-3.713%), respectively. Conclusion: Smoking and healthy diet score might mediate the effect of educational level on the incidence of lung cancer, indicating that improving the level of education can reduce the risk of lung cancer by changing lifestyles such as smoking and diet.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Fumar , Humanos , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Dieta Saludable , Estudios Prospectivos , Incidencia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiología , Dieta , Escolaridad
17.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi ; 43(9): 1408-1414, 2022 Sep 10.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36117347

RESUMEN

Objective: To examine the prevalence and trend of tobacco and e-cigarettes uses and identify the influencing factors for smoking behavior in junior middle school students in Shanghai, and provide data support and scientific basis for the development of tobacco control intervention strategy in adolescents. Methods: Multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select junior middle school students in 8 districts and 10 districts in Shanghai in 2013 and in 2019 respectively. Information about tobacco and e-cigarettes uses in the students were collected by using self-administrated questionnaire. The prevalence of tobacco and e-cigarettes uses were calculated, the difference between two years was compared with χ2 test. The influencing factors were identified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: In 2019, the current smoking rate was 0.6% in junior middle school students in Shanghai, and the smoking attempt rate was 2.9%, both were lower than the levels in 2013 (0.7% and 6.9%). The current use rate of e-cigarettes was 0.6% in 2019,with no significant change compared with 2013 (0.6%). The proportion of the students who had heard of e-cigarettes in 2019 (78.4%) was higher than that in 2013 (47.2%). In 2019, the second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure rate at home, in both indoor and outdoor public places and on public transportations was 72.5%, which was slightly lower than the level in 2013 (73.0%), the differences were all significant (P<0.05). In 2019, the students seeing close friend smoking (OR=27.381, 95%CI: 12.037-62.287), seeing someone smoking in school (OR=2.477, 95%CI: 1.155-5.312), believing that SHS may not be harmful (OR=8.471, 95%CI: 1.464-49.005) had higher possibility of smoking. Being aged ≥15 years (compared with being aged ≤12 years, OR=8.688, 95%CI: 1.922-39.266), exposure to SHS in outdoor public place (OR=8.608, 95%CI: 1.048-70.692), close friend smoking (OR=8.115, 95%CI: 1.754-37.545) were positively associated with e-cigarettes use, and believing that smoking results in uncomfortable social contact [compared with believing that smoking results in comfortable social contact (OR=0.105,95%CI: 0.018-0.615)] were negatively associated with e-cigarettes use, the difference was significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of tobacco and e-cigarette uses in junior middle school students in Shanghai remained at a low level in recent years. The SHS exposure rate in junior middle school students is high. Smoking behavior of junior middle school students is closely related to personal attitude and awareness of tobacco, exposure to SHS, peer smoking and the situation of tobacco control in schools. Prevention and intervention should be carried out from multi-dimensions to effectively protect teenagers from tobacco hazards.


Asunto(s)
Sistemas Electrónicos de Liberación de Nicotina , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Adolescente , China/epidemiología , Humanos , Prevalencia , Estudiantes , Nicotiana
19.
Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi ; 56(12): 1277-1281, 2021 Dec 09.
Artículo en Zh | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34915665

RESUMEN

With the increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with other fields, machine learning, one of the major methods in AI, has been extensively applied in dentistry in the stage of diagnosis, therapy and prognosis evaluation. Nowadays, numerous studies have reported the applications of machine learning in orthodontics in two major aspects, including image identification and clinical decision support system. Herein, we reviewed the application progress of machine learning in orthodontics in order to provide new insight for the future precision medicine.


Asunto(s)
Ortodoncia , Inteligencia Artificial , Aprendizaje Automático
20.
Scand J Immunol ; 72(2): 94-7, 2010 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20618767

RESUMEN

A semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (snPCR) assay was developed for the rapid detection of resistant/susceptible BF haplotypes to Marek's disease (MD) using the cDNA samples from peripheral blood leucocytes, liver, spleen and heart from Xiayan homozygous chickens: A(11), C(23), D(8) and D(12) (resistant to MD), A(5) and B(21) (susceptible to MD). The snPCR was utilized to span alternative splicing-out of the sequence encoding the second segment of the cytoplasmic part of the mature BF molecules (exon 7). This alternative exon 7 splice variant was detected in BF*A(5) and BF*B(21) (susceptible to MD), but not in the MD-resistant BF*A(11), BF*C(23), BF*D(8) and BF*D(12) haplotypes, suggesting a potential role of exon 7 for the detection of resistant/susceptible BF haplotypes to MD.


Asunto(s)
Pollos/genética , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/genética , Enfermedad de Marek/genética , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Pollos/inmunología , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Haplotipos/genética , Haplotipos/inmunología , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidad Clase II/inmunología , Enfermedad de Marek/inmunología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , ARN/química , ARN/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/veterinaria , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN
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