Formation of an exciplex with mixed ligands in the mercury-photosensitized luminescence of alcohol-amine mixtures in the liquid phase.

The liquid-phase mercury-photosensitized luminescence of tert-butyl alcohol (TL)-tert-butylamine (TM) mixtures has been investigated by a steady-state illumination method over a wide range of substrate concentrations. The emission bands from exciplexes (HgTL* and HgTM*) between an excited mercury atom and an alcohol or an amine molecule were observed at about 330 nm and 370 nm, respectively, in TL and TM solutions in cyclohexane. Two other bands appeared at 405 nm and 455 nm for TM at high concentrations. These bands were previously assigned to two types of 1:2 exciplexes (HgTM(2)* and HgTM(2)**). In TL-TM mixed solutions, a new band appeared at about 400 nm. The intensity of this band increased with increasing concentrations of TL and TM. This band was attributed to an exciplex with mixed ligands (HgTLTM*). This band was observed for the first time in this study. The energized intermediate, (HgTLTM*)(not equal), formed between HgAL* and AM can be effectively stabilized by collisions with solvent molecules in solution, while it decomposes to HgAM* and AL in the gas phase. The results for TL-TM mixtures can be explained by the proposed reaction mechanism.

Spectroscopic studies of the interaction between methylene blue-naphthol orange complex and anionic and cationic surfactants.

Initially, the absorbance of MB at 665 nm decreased rapidly with increasing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration, but increased gradually above about 2.3x10(-3) M. However, the absorbance of MB was almost independent of the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) concentration. On the other hand, the absorbance of NpO was affected by addition of CTAB in a similar manner to the change in MB-SDS system, but not by addition of SDS. The absorption band of MB showed a small red-shift and a decrease in intensity upon addition of NpO, while that of NpO showed only the decrease in the intensity upon the addition of MB. These spectral changes were attributed to the formation of complexes between these dyes. The effects of anionic and cationic surfactants on the absorption spectra of mixtures of MB and NpO were also examined. Contrary to the effects on the absorption spectrum of MB and NpO, respectively, the absorbances of MB and NpO in the mixtures were changed with the additions of both anionic and cationic surfactants. The spectral changes were explained by changes in the forms of MB and NpO in the solutions with increasing surfactant concentrations.

High static pressure alters spin trapping rates in solution. Dependence on the structure of nitrone spin traps.

Using a competitive spin trapping method, relative spin trapping rates were quantified for various short-lived radicals (methyl, ethyl, and phenyl radicals). High static pressure was applied to the competitive spin-trapping system by employing high-pressure electron spin resonance (ESR) equipment. Under high pressure (490 bar), spin trapping rate constants for alkyl and phenyl radicals increased by 10 to 40%, and the increase was dependent on the structure of nitrone spin traps. A maximum increase was obtained when tert-butyl(4-pyridinylmethylene)amine N-oxide (4-POBN) was used as a spin trap. Activation volumes (DeltaDeltaV(double dagger)) for the two spin trapping reactions were calculated to be -17-(-9) cm(3) mol(-1) for the 4-POBN system.

Analysis of the effects of protic, aprotic, and multi-component solvents on the fluorescence emission of naphthalene and its exciplex with triethylamine.

The emission spectra of naphthalene (NP)-triethylamine (TEA) systems were measured under steady-state illumination conditions in some protic and aprotic solvent-tetrahydrofuran (THF) mixtures. The fluorescence spectrum of the NP-TEA system in THF could be separated into two component bands (band A at 329 nm (fluorescence of NP) and band B at 468 nm (emission from an intermolecular exciplex)). The intensities of bands A and B decreased with increasing solvent polarity. The intensity of band B also decreased owing to the hydrogen-bonding interaction between TEA and protic solvents, but in this case the intensity of band A increased. The decrease in the intensity of band A with increasing solvent polarity is considered to be caused by the enhanced formation of an ion-pair parallel to the formation of an exciplex with increasing solvent polarity. The decrease in the intensity of band B is considered to be caused by the enhanced formation of ion-pair both parallel to and through the formation of the exciplex. The increase in the intensity of band A and the decrease in that of band B upon the addition of protic solvents is caused by the decrease in the concentration of free TEA. Acetonitrile only has a polar effect and trichloroacetic acid only has a hydrogen-bonding (protonation) effect, while alcohols have both the effects.