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1.
J Exp Biol ; 223(Pt 23)2020 12 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33077642

RESUMEN

Environmental factors such as nutritional interventions during early developmental stages affect and establish long-term metabolic changes in all animals. Diet during the spawning period has a nutritional programming effect in offspring of gilthead seabream and affects long-term metabolism. Studies showed modulation of genes such as fads2, which is considered to be a rate-limiting step in the synthesis of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). However, it is still unknown whether this adaptation is related to the presence of precursors or to limitations in the pre-formed products, n-3 LC-PUFA, contained in the diets used during nutritional programming. This study investigated the combined effects of nutritional programming on Sparusaurata through broodstock diets during the spawning period and in broodfish showing higher or lower fads2 expression levels in the blood after 1 month of feeding with a diet containing high levels of plant protein sources and vegetable oils (VM/VO). Broodfish showing high fads2 expression had a noticeable improvement in spawning quality parameters as well as in the growth of 6 month old offspring when challenged with a high VM/VO diet. Further, nutritional conditioning with 18:3n-3-rich diets had an adverse effect in comparison to progeny obtained from fish fed high fish meal and fish oil (FM/FO) diets, with a reduction in growth of juveniles. Improved growth of progeny from the high fads2 broodstock combined with similar muscle fatty acid profiles is also an excellent option for tailoring and increasing the flesh n-3 LC-PUFA levels to meet the recommended dietary allowances for human consumption.


Asunto(s)
Dorada , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Ácido Graso Desaturasas/genética , Ácidos Grasos , Aceites de Pescado , Humanos , Lactante , Hígado , Ácido alfa-Linolénico
2.
Br J Nutr ; 122(1): 25-38, 2019 07 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31266551

RESUMEN

The present study investigated the effects of nutritional programming through parental feeding on offspring performance and expression of selected genes related to stress resistance in a marine teleost. Gilthead seabream broodstock were fed diets containing various fish oil (FO)/vegetable oil ratios to determine their effects on offspring performance along embryogenesis, larval development and juvenile on-growing periods. Increased substitution of dietary FO by linseed oil (LO) up to 80 % LO significantly reduced the total number of eggs produced by kg per female per spawn. Moreover, at 30 d after hatching, parental feeding with increasing LO up to 80 % led to up-regulation of the fatty acyl desaturase 2 gene (fads2) that was correlated with the increase in conversion rates of related PUFA. Besides, cyclo-oxygenase 2 (cox2) and TNF-α (tnf-α) gene expression was also up-regulated by the increase in LO in broodstock diets up to 60 or 80 %, respectively. When 4-month-old offspring were challenged with diets having different levels of FO, the lowest growth was found in juveniles from broodstock fed 100 % FO. An increase in LO levels in the broodstock diet up to 60LO raised LC-PUFA levels in the juveniles, regardless of the juvenile's diet. The results showed that it is possible to nutritionally programme gilthead seabream offspring through the modification of the fatty acid profiles of parental diets to improve the growth performance of juveniles fed low FO diets, inducing long-term changes in PUFA metabolism with up-regulation of fads2 expression. The present study provided the first pieces of evidence of the up-regulation of immune system-related genes in the offspring of parents fed increased FO replacement by LO.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Dieta/veterinaria , Ácido Graso Desaturasas/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/farmacología , Dorada/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Ácido Graso Desaturasas/genética , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/metabolismo , Femenino , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos
3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 20(24)2019 Dec 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31835772

RESUMEN

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in parental diets play a key role in regulating n-3 LC-PUFA metabolism of the offspring. However, it is not clear whether this metabolic regulation is driven by the precursors presented in the diet or by the parental ability to synthesize them. To elucidate this, broodstocks of gilthead sea bream with different blood expression levels of fads2, which encodes for the rate-limiting enzyme in the n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis pathway, were fed either a diet supplemented with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) or a control diet. The progenies obtained from these four experimental groups were then challenged with a low LC-PUFA diet at the juvenile stage. Results showed that the offspring from parents with high fads2 expression presented higher growth and improved utilization of low n-3 LC-PUFA diets compared to the offspring from parents with low fads2 expression. Besides, an ALA-rich diet during the gametogenesis caused negative effects on the growth of the offspring. The epigenetic analysis demonstrated that methylation in the promoter of fads2 of the offspring was correlated with the parental fads2 expression levels and type of the broodstock diet.


Asunto(s)
Metilación de ADN/genética , Grasas de la Dieta/farmacología , Ácido Graso Desaturasas/genética , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Dorada/genética , Animales , Islas de CpG/genética , Metilación de ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Graso Desaturasas/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Dorada/crecimiento & desarrollo
4.
Br J Nutr ; 118(7): 500-512, 2017 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28965514

RESUMEN

Nutrition during periconception and early development can modulate metabolic routes to prepare the offspring for adverse conditions through a process known as nutritional programming. In gilthead sea bream, replacement of fish oil (FO) with linseed oil (LO) in broodstock diets improves growth in the 4-month-old offspring challenged with low-FO and low-fishmeal (FM) diets for 1 month. The present study further investigated the effects of broodstock feeding on the same offspring when they were 16 months old and were challenged for a second time with the low-FM and low-FO diet for 2 months. The results showed that replacement of parental moderate-FO feeding with LO, combined with juvenile feeding at 4 months old with low-FM and low-FO diets, significantly (P<0·05) improved offspring growth and feed utilisation of low-FM/FO diets even when they were 16 months old: that is, when they were on the verge of their first reproductive season. Liver fatty acid composition was significantly affected by broodstock or reminder diets as well as by their interaction. Moreover, the reduction of long-chain PUFA and increase in α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in broodstock diets lead to a significant down-regulation of hepatic lipoprotein lipase (P<0·001) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 6 (P<0·01). Besides, fatty acid desaturase 2 values were positively correlated to hepatic levels of 18 : 4n-3, 18 : 3n-6, 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 6n-3 and 22 : 5n-6. Thus, this study demonstrated the long-term nutritional programming of gilthead sea bream through broodstock feeding, the effect of feeding a 'reminder' diet during juvenile stages to improve utilisation of low-FM/FO diets and fish growth as well as the regulation of gene expression along the fish's life-cycle.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Dieta/veterinaria , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Dorada/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Regulación hacia Abajo , Ácido Graso Desaturasas/genética , Ácido Graso Desaturasas/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/administración & dosificación , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Ácido Linoleico/administración & dosificación , Aceite de Linaza/administración & dosificación , Lipoproteína Lipasa/genética , Lipoproteína Lipasa/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/administración & dosificación
5.
Gen Comp Endocrinol ; 252: 173-185, 2017 10 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28652134

RESUMEN

The present study examined the short and mid-term effects of a rise in temperature from 18°C to 24°C on the expression of genes related to the stress response regulation in juveniles of Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis. The animals were exposed to a temperature increase of 6°C, after 1month of acclimation at 18°C. After this process, samples of different tissues were collected from a total of 96 fish at four sampling points: 1h, 24h, 3days and 1week. The transcript levels of a set of genes involved in the stress response such as glucocorticoid receptors 1 and 2, corticotrophin-releasing factor, corticotrophin-releasing factor binding proteins, proopiomelanocortin A and B, and cellular stress defense (heat shock protein 70, 90AA and 90AB) were quantified at these sampling points. Additionally, blood samples were also taken to measure the circulating plasma cortisol concentration. Thermal stress induced by increasing temperature prompted an elevation of plasma cortisol levels in juvenile Senegalese sole after 1h as a short-term response, and a consecutive increase after one week, as a mid-term response. Senegalese sole seemed to respond positively in terms of adaptive mechanisms, with a rapid over-expression of grs and hsps in liver and brain, significantly higher after one hour post stress, denoting the fast and acute response of those tissues to a rapid change on temperature. The ratio hsp90/gr also increased 24h after thermal shock, ratio proposed to be an adaptive mechanism to prevent proteosomal degradation of GR. As a mid-term response, the elevation of brain crfbp gene expression one week after thermal shock could be an adaptive mechanism of negative feedback on HPI axis. Taken together, these data suggested an initial up-regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor complex linked genes in response to a temperature increase in Senegalese sole, with heat shock protein 90 potentially being a regulatory factor for the glucocorticoid receptor in the presence of cortisol.


Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica/genética , Peces Planos/genética , Peces Planos/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Temperatura , Animales , Peces Planos/sangre , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Respuesta al Choque Térmico/genética , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Especificidad de Órganos/genética
6.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 43(4): 142-8, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26150058

RESUMEN

Every day, the emergency departments in our country receive a large number of patients that have thought about or attempted suicide. Unfortunately, these patients are very often reluctant to maintain a regular follow-up in mental health services. In this study we describe an original program to encourage assessment and treatment of suicidal patients, particularly when they receive medical treatment in public places. We summarize the application of the program and compare the results of a specific follow-up between two groups of patients: suicidal patients assessed by emergency services in public places and all other suicidal patients assessed in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital.


Asunto(s)
Intento de Suicidio/prevención & control , Adulto , Servicios Médicos de Urgencia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Instalaciones Públicas , España
7.
Fish Physiol Biochem ; 39(2): 335-49, 2013 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22955962

RESUMEN

To study the substitution of fish oil by vegetable oils in fish diets, juveniles Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) were fed diets (56 % crude protein, 12 % crude lipid) containing either linseed (100LO) or soybean (100SO) oils in comparison with a 100 % fish oil-based diet (100FO) for 90 days. Samples of muscle, liver, and intestine were collected for biochemical analysis and for glucocorticoid receptor-related genes, including GR1 and GR2, and the associated heat shock proteins HSP70, HSP90AA, and HSP90AB. Besides, basal levels of plasma cortisol were also determined. After the feeding period, a stress test, consisting on 5 min of net chasing, was applied to a selected population of each dietary group. Total replacement of fish oil by vegetable oils did not induced changes in fish growth and performance, but affected fatty acid profile of muscle, liver, and intestine, reflecting those tissues the characteristic fatty acids of each type of dietary oil. A tendency to conserve the ARA/EPA ratio could be observed in the different tissues, despite of the level of these fatty acids in diet. Chasing stress induced an increase of muscle GR1 and a reduction in intestinal GR2 relative expressions at any of the experimental diets assayed. In liver, chasing stress induced an increase in both GR1 and GR2 gene expression in fish fed fish oil diets. Similarly, chasing stress induced an increase of muscle HSP70 and decrease of HSP90AB in liver at any of the experimental diet assayed. Besides, vegetable oils decreased the expression of HSP70 in intestine, being the relative expression of liver HSP90AA increased by the inclusion of linseed oil in the diet, at any of the experimental conditions assayed.


Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales/fisiología , Acuicultura/métodos , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/farmacología , Peces Planos/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/veterinaria , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiología
8.
Epigenetics ; 15(5): 536-553, 2020 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31790638

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to generate new knowledge on fish epigenetics, assessing the effects of linolenic acid (ALA) conditioning of broodstock in the offspring of the marine fish Sparus aurata. Attention was focused on gene organization, methylation signatures and gene expression patterns of fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1a (scd1a). Blat searches in the genomic IATS-CSIC database (www.nutrigroup-iats.org/seabreamdb) highlighted a conserved exon-intron organization, a conserved PUFA response region, and CG islands at the promoter regions of each gene. The analysed CpG positions in the fads2 promoter were mostly hypomethylated and refractory to broodstock nutrition. The same response was achieved after conditioning of juvenile fish to low water oxygen concentrations, thus methylation susceptibility at individual CpG sites seems to be stringently regulated in fish of different origin and growth trajectories. Conversely, the scd1a promoter was responsive to broodstock nutrition and the offspring of parents fed the ALA-rich diet shared an increased DNA-methylation, mainly in CpG sites neighbouring SP1 and HNF4α binding sites. Cytosine methylation at these sites correlated inversely with the hepatic scd1a expression of the offspring. Co-expression analyses supported that the HNF4α-dependent regulation of scd1a is affected by DNA methylation. The phenotypic output is a regulated liver fat deposition through changes in scd1 expression, which would also allow the preservation of fatty acid unsaturation levels in fish fed reduced levels of n-3 LC-PUFA. Collectively, these findings reveal a reliable mechanism by which parent's nutrition can shape scd1a gene expression in the fish offspring.


Asunto(s)
Dieta , Epigénesis Genética , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Dorada/genética , Estearoil-CoA Desaturasa/genética , Animales , Islas de CpG , Proteínas de Peces/metabolismo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Dorada/metabolismo , Estearoil-CoA Desaturasa/metabolismo , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/administración & dosificación , Ácido alfa-Linolénico/metabolismo
9.
PeerJ ; 5: e3710, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29093992

RESUMEN

Substituting fishmeal (FM) with vegetable meal (VM) can markedly affect the mineral composition of feeds, and may require additional mineral supplementation. Their bioavailability and optimal supplementation levels depend also on the form of delivery of minerals. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different delivery forms of three major trace elements (Zn, Mn and Se) in a marine teleost. Gilthead sea bream juveniles of 22.5 g were fed a VM-based diet for 12 weeks that was either not supplemented with these minerals or supplemented with inorganic, organic, or encapsulated inorganic forms of minerals in triplicate and compared to a FM-based diet. Our results showed that mineral delivery form significantly affected the biochemical composition and morphology of posterior vertebrae. Supplementation of VM-based diets with inorganic forms of the target minerals significantly promoted growth, increased the vertebral weight and content of ash and Zn, enhanced bone mineralization and affected the vertebral shape. Conversely, encapsulation of inorganic minerals reduced fish growth and vertebral mineral content, whereas supplementation of organic minerals, enhanced bone osteogenesis by upregulating bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp2) gene and produced vertebrae with a larger length in relation to height. Furthermore, organic mineral forms of delivery downregulated the expression of oxidative stress related genes, such as Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn sod) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (gpx-1), suggesting thus that dietary minerals supplemented in the organic form could be reasonably considered more effective than the inorganic and encapsulated forms of supply.

10.
Mar Biotechnol (NY) ; 18(1): 98-106, 2016 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26475148

RESUMEN

Morphological abnormalities, especially skeletal deformities, are some of the most important problems affecting gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) aquaculture industry. In this study, a QTL analysis for LSK complex deformity in gilthead seabream is reported. LSK complex is a severe deformity consisting of a consecutive repetition of three vertebral deformities: lordosis, scoliosis, and kyphosis. Seventy-eight offspring from six breeders from a mass-spawning were analyzed: five full-sibling families, three maternal, and two paternal half-sibling families. They had shown a significant association with the LSK complex prevalence in a previous segregation analysis. Fish were genotyped using a set of multiplex PCRs (ReMsa1-13), which includes 106 microsatellite markers. Two methods were used to perform the QTL analysis: a linear regression with the GridQTL software and a linear mixed model with the Qxpak software. A total of 18 QTL were identified. Four of them (QTLSK3, 6, 12, and 14), located in LG5, 8, 17, and 20, respectively, were the most solid ones. These QTL were significant at genome level and showed an extremely large effect (>35%) with both methods. Markers close to the identified QTL showed a strong association with phenotype. Two of these molecular markers (DId-03-T and Bt-14-F) were considered as potential linked-to-this-deformity markers. The detection of these QTL supposes a critical step in the implementation of marker-assisted selection in this species, which could decrease the incidence of this deformity and other related deformities. The identification of these QTL also represents a major step towards the study of the etiology of skeletal deformities in this species.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/genética , Repeticiones de Microsatélite/genética , Sitios de Carácter Cuantitativo/genética , Dorada/anomalías , Dorada/genética , Curvaturas de la Columna Vertebral/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Animales , Animales , Mapeo Cromosómico/métodos , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Curvaturas de la Columna Vertebral/genética
11.
Lipids ; 50(10): 1029-41, 2015 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26233819

RESUMEN

This study reports for the first time on European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), larvae, the effect of different levels of dietary arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6) on the expression of genes related to the fish stress response. Copies of mRNA from genes related to steroidogenesis [StAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein), c-Fos, and CYP11ß (11ß-hydroxylase gene)], glucocorticoid receptor complex [GR (glucocorticoid receptor) and HSP (heat shock proteins) 70 and 90) and antioxidative stress (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase] were quantified. Eighteen day-old larvae were fed for 14 days with three experimental diets with increasing levels of ARA (0.3, 0.6 and 1.2% d.w.) and similar levels of docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) and eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) acids (5 and 3%, respectively). The quantification of stress-related genes transcripts was conducted by One-Step TaqMan real time RT-PCR with the standard curve method (absolute quantification). Increase dietary levels of ARA induced a significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulation of genes related to cortisol synthesis, such as StAR and CYP11ß and up-regulated genes related to glucocorticoid receptor complex, such as HSP70 and GR. No effects were observed on antioxidant enzymes gene expression. These results revealed the regulatory role of dietary ARA on the expression of stress-related genes in European sea bass larvae.


Asunto(s)
Ácido Araquidónico/administración & dosificación , Lubina/genética , Proteínas de Peces/genética , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ácido Araquidónico/farmacología , Lubina/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria
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