RESUMEN
Mutations of Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD), accounting for approximately 30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), results in poor therapeutic efficacy and short survival. Sorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, can inhibit FLT3 and improve clinical outcome of FLT3 mutated leukemia. Our current studies have shown that, the antidiabetic drug metformin also exerts anti-leukemic effect by activating p-AMPK and synergistically sensitizes FLT3 mutated AML to sorafenib. Both agents suppress cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induce apoptosis via cell cycle arrest, but does not obviously modulate autophagy marker, light chain 3 (LC3). Mechanistically, in the presence of metformin, the anticancer potential of sorafenib, accompanying with increased LC3 levels, is found to be synergistically enhanced with the remarkably reduced protein expression of the mTOR/p70S6K/4EBP1 pathway, while not appreciably altering cell cycle. Overall, these results show metformin in aid of sorafenib may represent a promising and attractive strategy for the treatment of FLT3-ITD mutated AML.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Metformina/farmacología , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Compuestos de Fenilurea/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/fisiología , Tirosina Quinasa 3 Similar a fms/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Biomarcadores , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Mutación , Proteínas de Neoplasias/fisiología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Niacinamida/farmacología , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Fosforilación , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , Proteínas Quinasas S6 Ribosómicas 70-kDa/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Sorafenib , Secuencias Repetidas en TándemRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Celecoxib on the proliferation of the FLT3-ITD positive and negative acute myeloid leukemia cells and its mechanism. The proliferation inhibition effect of Celecoxib with different doses on the FLT3-ITD positive cells MV4-11 and the FLT3-ITD negative K562 cells was detected by CCK-8 method, the cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, and the MEK, Mcl-1, pAKT expression was tested by Western blot. The results showed that Celecoxib inhibited the proliferation of both MV4-11 and K562 cells, but the IC50 for MV4-11 was (29.14 ± 2.4) µmol/L, which was significantly lower than that of K562 cells (39.84 ± 1.0) µmol/L (P < 0.05); The induced apoptosis rate of Celecoxib at 20-80 µmol/L on MV4-11 was not observed, but there was apparent influence on K562 at the same concentration. Western blot showed that Celecoxib down-regulated the expression of MEK and Mcl-1 but did not change the expression of pAKT obviously on MV4-11 cells, while the expression of Mcl-1 was reduced a little, but no obvious change were found in the expression of MEK and pAKT on K562 cells. It is concluded that the Celecoxib can inhibit the proliferation of FLT3-ITD positive AML cells distinctly, and the potential mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the MEK/Mcl-1 signaling pathway.