Association of serum uric acid with hypertriglyceridemia in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Uric acid (UA), a liver-derived metabolite, is intimately tied to metabolic disorders. Although ample research underscores its connection with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), studies focusing on adolescents remain limited. To fill the gaps in epidemiology,this study focused on analyzing the relationship between the levels of uric acid and HTG in a demographic sample comprising adolescents from the United States. METHODS: In this study, a total of 4,435 participants through the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2020. The exposure variable was serum uric acid (SUA), the effect variable was HTG, and the covariates included demographic, questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory indicators. We utilized weighted logistic regression and meticulous subgroup evaluations to discern the intrinsic link between SUA and HTG. Stratified analyses augmented the validation of this association, while smooth curve fitting probed for potential nonlinear correlations. RESULTS: The study included 4,435 participants. Male adolescents exhibit elevated SUA levels. After adjusting for all variables, the weighted multiple logistic regression model revealed that SUA was positively correlated with HTG risk (OR = 1.006, 95% CI: 1.005-1.007). This relationship was consistent across the three tertiles group of SUA (T1: OR = 1.006 [95% CI: 1.005-1.007]; T2: OR = 1.006 [95% CI: 1.005-1.007]; T3: OR = 1.004 [95% CI: 1.003-1.006]; P for trend < 0.001). Stratified analyses confirmed that the positive correlation between SUA and HTG risk was significant, irrespective of sex, age or race. CONCLUSIONS: In American children and adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, there was a pronounced association between SUA and HTG. SUA could serve as a risk indicator for HTG. It is recommended that children diagnosed with HTG should be regularly tested for SUA levels. In addition, it is recommended that SUA be included in the comprehensive care of children diagnosed with HTG.

Network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix treatment for acute lung injury.

BACKGROUND: Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix (PCRR), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), inhibits inflammation associated with various human diseases. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of PCRR in acute lung injury (ALI) and the underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. AIM: To determine the ingredients related to PCRR for treatment of ALI using multiple databases to obtain potential targets for fishing. METHODS: Recognized and candidate active compounds for PCRR were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology, STITCH, and PubMed databases. Target ALI databases were built using the Therapeutic Target, DrugBank, DisGeNET, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, and Genetic Association databases. Network pharmacology includes network construction, target prediction, topological feature analysis, and enrichment analysis. Bioinformatics resources from the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery were utilized for gene ontology biological process and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes network pathway enrichment analysis, and molecular docking techniques were adopted to verify the combination of major active ingredients and core targets. RESULTS: Thirteen bioactive compounds corresponding to the 433 PCRR targets were identified. In addition, 128 genes were closely associated with ALI, 60 of which overlapped with PCRR targets and were considered therapeutically relevant. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that PCRR exerted its pharmacological effects in ALI by modulating multiple pathways, including the cell cycle, cell apoptosis, drug metabolism, inflammation, and immune modulation. Molecular docking results revealed a strong associative relationship between the active ingredient and core target. CONCLUSION: PCRR alleviates ALI symptoms via molecular mechanisms predicted by network pharmacology. This study proposes a strategy to elucidate the mechanisms of TCM at the network pharmacology level.

Synthesis, characterization, photoinduced isomerization, and spectroscopic properties of vinyl-1,8-naphthyridine derivatives and their copper(I) complexes.

A series of 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives containing vinyl, 2-(2-acetylamino-pyridine-6-ethylene)-4-methyl-7-acetylamino-1,8-naphthyridine (L(1)), 2-(2-acetylamino-pyridine-6-ethylene)-1,8-naphthyridine (L(2)), 2-(2-acetylamino-pyridinyl-6-ethylene)-4-methyl-7-hydroxyl-1,8-naphthyridine (L(3)), 2-(2-diacetylamino-pyridinyl-3-ethylene)-7-diacetylamino-1,8-naphthyridine (L(4)), and 7-(2-diacetylamino-pyridinyl-3-ethylene)-4'-acetyl-pyrrolo[1',5'-a]-1,8-naphthyridine (L(5)), as well as complexes [CuL(1)(PCy(3))](BF(4))(2) (1) (PCy(3) = tricyclohexylphosphine), [Cu(2)L(1)(PPh(3))(4)](BF(4))(2) (2) (PPh(3) = triphenylphosphine), [Cu(2)L(1)(dppm)](BF(4))(2) (3) (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane), and [Cu(2)(L(1))(dcpm)][BF(4)](2) (4) (dcpm = bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)methane, were synthesized. All these compounds, except for L(1) and L(2), were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and a comprehensive study of their spectroscopic properties involving experimental theoretical studies is presented. We found an intramolecular 1,3-hydrogen transfer during the formation of L(3) and L(4), which in the case of the latter plays an important role in the 1,5-dipolar cyclization of L(5). The spectral changes that originate from an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in the form of a pi(py)-->pi*(napy) transition can be tuned through acid/base-controlled switching for L(1)-L(3). A photoinduced isomerization for L(1)-L(3), 1, and 2 having flexible structures was observed under 365 nm light irradiation. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that the dinuclear complexes with structural asymmetry exhibit different metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transitions.

Diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of 25 patients with melamine-induced kidney stones complicated by acute obstructive renal failure in Beijing Children's Hospital.

A total of 25 Chinese patients aged 6 to 36 months hospitalised at Beijing Children's Hospital due to melamine-induced kidney stones complicated by acute obstructive renal failure in 2008 were included in a study in order to diagnose and treat these special cases more effectively. Feeding history, clinical presentation, ultrasound findings, treatments and effects were summarised. Twelve to seventeen months follow-up was reported also. Ultrasound examination showed that calculi were located at the kidney and ureters. Stones were composed of both uric acid and melamine in a molar ratio of 1.2:1 to 2.1:1. Treatments providing liquid plus alkalisation of urine proved to be effective in helping the patients pass the stones. Surgical intervention was needed in severe cases. Renal function returned to normal in all 25 patients after various durations of therapy. Sixty-eight percent of the patients expelled all of the calculi within 3 months, 90% in 6 months and 95% in 9 months, without sequelae till now. Melamine-contaminated milk formula can cause kidney stones in infants, which should be diagnosed by feeding history, clinical symptoms and ultrasound examination. Composition of the stones was not only of melamine but also uric acid. Providing liquid orally or intravenously plus alkalisation of urine proved to promote the removal of the stones. Follow-up of 12 to 17 months after discharge showed no sequelae.

Photophysical and electrochemical properties of platinum(II) complexes bearing a chromophore-acceptor dyad and their photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

A series of platinum(II) complexes bearing a chromophore-acceptor dyad obtained by reacting 4-(p-bromomethylphenyl)-6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine or 4'-(p-bromomethylphenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine with pyridine, 4-phenylpyridine, 4,4'-bipyridine, 1-methyl-4-(pyridin-4'-yl)pyridinium hexafluorophosphate respectively, were synthesized. Their photophysical properties, emission quenching studies by Pt nanoparticles and methyl viologen, electrochemical properties and photoinduced electron-transfer reactions in a photocatalytic hydrogen-generating system containing triethanolamine and colloidal Pt without an extra electron relay, were investigated. A comparison of the rates of hydrogen production for the two photocatalytic systems, one containing a metal-organic dyad and the other comprising a 1:1 mixture of the parental platinum(II) complexes and the corresponding electron relay, showed that intramolecular electron transfer improves the photocatalytic efficiency. Compared with cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes, the related platinum(II) terpyridyl complexes exhibited poor performance for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. An investigation into the amount of hydrogen generated by three platinum(II) complexes containing cyclometalated ligands with methyl groups located on different phenyl rings revealed that the efficiency of hydrogen evolution was affected by a subtle change of functional group on ligand, and the hydrogen-generating efficiency in the presence or absence of methyl viologen is comparable, indicating electron transfer from the excited [Pt(C^N^N)] chromophore to colloidal Pt. (1)H NMR spectroscopy of the metal-organic dyads in an aqueous solution in the presence of excess triethanolamine revealed that the dyad with a viologen unit was unstable, and a chemical reaction in the compound occurred prior to irradiation by visible light under basic conditions.

Blood purification therapy in treatment of acute renal failure in infants with melamine-induced stones.

BACKGROUND: In 2008, infants in some areas of China suffered from stones of the urinary system which were caused by melamine-contaminated milk formula. Most of the infants were asymptomatic, and a few suffered from acute renal failure induced by urinary obstruction by stones. This study aimed to assess the significance of blood purification therapy in treatment of infants with acute obstructive oligo-anuric renal failure. Corrective perception, timely diagnosis, and active treatment of this complex disease are critical factors that guarantee a quick recovery of renal function of infants and help them to prevent multiple organ system failure. METHODS: Thirteen infants with acute renal failure induced by urinary multiple obstruction caused by melamine-containing stones who had been admitted to Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University in 2008 were investigated for the epidemiological characteristics, image features and indications of dialysis. All these infants were treated with dialysis. The efficacy of dialysis was compared with that of two control groups treated with cystoscopic retrograde catheterization into the ureter and medical treatment for the recovery of renal function. RESULTS: The 13 infants with life-threatening complications treated with dialysis showed a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of (30.9+/-7.9) mmol/L and a creatinine (Cr) level of (572+/-173) micromol/L. Of these infants, 8 were treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD), and 5 with hemodialysis (HD). Ten infants recovered to urinate 24-72 hours after dialysis and 3 infants with persistent ureteral obstruction were further treated with cystoscopic retrograde catheterization into the ureter for drainage, and urination resumed soon after the operation. The average time of PD and HD were (2.1+/-0.8) days and (1.2+/-0.4) days, respectively. The total average time of PD and HD dialysis was (1.77+/-0.83) days. The recovery time of renal function of infants after dialysis was (3.08+/-1.20) days, comparable to that of the two control groups treated with catheterization with a cystoscope or by medication. There was no significant difference in the recovery time of renal function among the three groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Melamine-contaminated milk formula may cause urinary stones and obstructive acute renal failure in infants. Dialysis is suggested to treat life-threatening complications such as hyperkalemia, oliguria or anuria if surgical intervention fails. If possible, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis can be performed early. Blood purification is feasible to help the infants overcome the critical stage of acute renal failure. Surgical measures can be taken to remove the obstruction if necessary.

Diagnosis and treatment of melamine-associated urinary calculus complicated with acute renal failure in infants and young children.

BACKGROUND: Infants in some areas of China developed urinary lithiasis after being fed with powdered milk that was tainted with melamine in 2008 and very small proportion of the infants developed acute renal failure caused by urinary tract calculus obstruction. The aim of this article was to summarize clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of infants with urinary calculus and acute renal failure developed after being fed with melamine tainted formula milk. METHODS: Data of infant patients with urinary calculus and acute renal failure due to melamine tainted formula milk admitted to the Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University and the Xuzhou Children's Hospital in 2008 were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, imaging features as well as effects of 4 types of therapies. RESULTS: All the 34 infants with urinary calculus were complicated with acute renal failure, their blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was (24.1+/-8.2) mmol/L and creatinine (Cr) was (384.2+/-201.2) micromol/L. The chemical analysis on the urinary calculus sampled from 15 of the infants showed that the calculus contained melamine and acidum uricum. The time needed for the four types of therapies for returning Cr to normal was (3.5+/-1.9) days for cystoscopy group, (2.7+/-1.1) days for lithotomy group, (3.8+/-2.3) days for dialysis group, and (2.7+/-1.6) days for medical treatment group, which had no statistically significant difference (P=0.508). Renal failure of all the 34 infants was relieved within 1 to 7 days, averaging (3.00+/-1.78) days. CONCLUSIONS: Melamine tainted formula milk may cause urinary calculus and obstructive acute renal failure. It is suggested that firstly the patients with urinary calculus complicated with acute renal failure should be treated with dialysis or medication to correct electrolyte disturbance, in particular hyperkalemia, and then relieve the obstruction with available medical and surgical methods as soon as possible. It was observed that the short-term prognosis was satisfactory.

[Melamine related urinary calculus and acute renal failure in infants].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of infants with urinary calculus and acute renal failure developed after being fed with melamine tainted formula milk. METHODS: Data of infant patients with urinary calculus and acute renal failure due to melamine tainted formula milk admitted to the Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated to the Capital Medical University and the Xuzhou Children's Hospital in 2008 were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, image features as well as effects of 4 types of therapies. RESULTS: All the 34 infants with urinary calculus were complicated with acute renal failure, their blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was (24.1 +/- 8.2) mmol/L and creatinine (Cr) was (384.2 +/- 201.2) micromol/L. The chemical analysis on the urinary calculus sampled from 14 of the infants showed that the calculus contained melamine and acidum uricum. The time needed for the four types of therapies for returning Cr to normal was (3.5 +/- 1.9) d for cystoscopy group, (2.7 +/- 1.1) d for lithotomy group, (3.8 +/- 2.3) d for dialysis group, and (2.7 +/- 1.6) d for medical treatment group, which had no statistically significant difference (P = 0.508). Renal failure of all the 34 infants was relieved within 1 to 7 days, averaging (3.0 +/- 1.8) d. CONCLUSION: Melamine tainted formula milk may cause urinary calculus and obstructive acute renal failure. It is suggested that firstly the patients with urinary calculus complicated with acute renal failure should be treated with dialysis or medication to correct electrolyte disturbances, in particular hyperkalemia, and then relieve the obstruction with available medical and surgical methods as soon as possible. It is observed that the short term prognosis is satisfactory.

[Effects of expansion fashion and expansion quantity on retention of cement-expanded composite screw post].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of expansion fashion and expansion quantity on retention of cement-expanded composition screw post (CECSP). METHODS: Ninety simulated tooth roots made of polymethylmethacrylate were divided into ten groups, each fashion induded five groups. The expanded plastic sheath of tricuspid valve was made with the special separated valve device and cemented and tightened up into root with the screw post at the same time by ZPC. Then the root and screw post-core system was tested by the speed of 10 mm/min on the INSTRON 4302 and the retention force was recorded. RESULTS: It appeared that the difference between different expansion fashion and different expansion quantity were significantly (P < 0.05). The retention of expansion fashion one was significantly greater than those of fashion two. The retention was best when expansion quantity was within 10%. CONCLUSION: During clinic operation, we should apply definite fashion and control the expansion quantity within 10%, and the screw post should tighten up to the bottom of prepared root.