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The adsorption of organic polymers onto the surface of graphene oxide is known to improve its dispersibility in cement-based materials. However, the mechanism of this improvement at the atomic level is not yet fully understood. In this study, we employ a combination of DFT static calculation and umbrella sampling to explore the reactivity of polymers and investigate the effects of varying amounts of phenyl groups on their adsorption capacity on the surface of graphene oxide. Quantitative analysis is utilized to study the structural reconstruction and charge transfer caused by polymers from multiple perspectives. The interfacial reaction between the polymer and graphene oxide surface is further clarified, indicating that the adsorption process is promoted by hydrogen bond interactions and π-π stacking effects. This study sheds light on the adsorption mechanism of polymer-graphene oxide systems and has important implications for the design of more effective graphene oxide dispersants at the atomic level.
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BACKGROUND: In 2013, Jinan KingMed Diagnostics (JKD) first established a systematic cervical cytology training and quality control (QC) program in Shandong Province, China. We compared the efficacy of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) detection, cytology, and their combination in routine clinical practice after the implementation of the training and QC program to identify the optimal first-line screening method in this region. METHODS: The data of patients histologically diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN2/3, and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) between January 2014 and December 2017 were retrieved from the JKD database. Cytology and/or HR-HPV testing results within 3 months preceding the CIN1 diagnoses and 6 months preceding the CIN2/3 and ICC diagnoses were analyzed. RESULTS: Prior screening data were available for 1829 CIN1 patients, 2309 CIN2/3 patients, and 680 ICC patients. Cytology alone and HR-HPV testing alone had similar rates of positive results for CIN2/3 (97.2% [854/879] vs. 95.4% [864/906], P = 0.105) and ICC detection (89.1% [205/230] vs. 92.7% [204/220], P = 0.185). Compared with either method alone, co-testing slightly increased the screening sensitivity for CIN2/3 (99.8% [523/524], all P < 0.001) and ICC (99.6% [229/230], all P < 0.001) detection. In the CIN1 group, cervical cytology alone (92.9% [520/560]) was more sensitive than HR-HPV testing alone (79.9% [570/713], P < 0.001), and co-testing (95.3% [530/556]) did not significantly improve the screening sensitivity (P = 0.105). CONCLUSIONS: After the implementation of a systematic training and QC program, both cytology and HR-HPV testing may be adopted for primary cervical cancer screening in Shandong Province.
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Alphapapillomavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Tamizaje Masivo/organización & administración , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Alphapapillomavirus/genética , Alphapapillomavirus/patogenicidad , Cuello del Útero/patología , Cuello del Útero/virología , China , ADN Viral/genética , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Técnicas de Genotipaje/estadística & datos numéricos , Implementación de Plan de Salud , Humanos , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Tamizaje Masivo/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/patología , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Control de Calidad , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/prevención & control , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Frotis Vaginal , Adulto Joven , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/patología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) testing is more sensitive than cytology for the detection of cervical cancer and its precursors. However, limited and inconsistent data are available about the efficacy of the combination of these two methods for screening cervical adenocarcinoma. This multicenter retrospective study investigated the screening results of a cohort of Chinese patients who were subsequently diagnosed with invasive cervical adenocarcinoma, with the goal of identifying the optimal cervical adenocarcinoma screening method. METHODS: We retrospectively retrieved and analyzed the data from patients with histologically confirmed primary invasive cervical adenocarcinoma from eight local pathology laboratories operated by KingMed Diagnostics, the largest independent operator of pathology laboratories in China, over a 2-year period. Only patients who underwent cytology and/or HR-HPV testing within 6 months before the adenocarcinoma diagnosis were included. HR-HPV DNA was detected using one of two HPV test kits: the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and an HPV genotyping panel (Yaneng Bio, Shenzhen, China). RESULTS: Of the 311 patients, 136 underwent cytology alone, 106 underwent HR-HPV testing alone, and 69 underwent cytology and HR-HPV co-testing. The sensitivities of cytology alone (64.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 55.9-72.0) and HR-HPV testing alone (66.0, 95% CI: 57.0-75.1) were similar (P = 0.738). The sensitivity of cytology and HR-HPV co-testing (87.0, 95% CI: 79.0-94.9) was significantly higher than that of either cytology (P = 0.001) or HR-HPV testing alone (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Both cytology alone and HR-HPV testing alone showed poor screening efficiency, whereas the combination of the two clearly increased the efficiency of primary cervical adenocarcinoma screening. Thus, cytology and HR-HPV co-testing might be the most efficient cervical adenocarcinoma screening method.
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Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Detección Precoz del Cáncer/métodos , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Papillomaviridae/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma/virología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Cuello del Útero/patología , Cuello del Útero/virología , China , Femenino , Humanos , Laboratorios , Persona de Mediana Edad , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virologíaRESUMEN
AIMS: Trophoblast cell dysfunction is one of the important factors leading to preeclampsia (PE). Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding 2 (CPEB2) has been found to be differentially expressed in PE patients, but whether it mediates PE process by regulating trophoblast cell function is unclear. METHODS: The expression of CPEB2 and somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescence staining. Cell functions were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related protein levels were detected by WB. The interaction of CPEB2 and SSTR3 was confirmed by RIP assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay and PCR poly(A) tail assay. Animal experiments were performed to explore the effect of CPEB2 on PE progression in vivo, and the placental tissues of rat were used for H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL staining. RESULTS: CPEB2 was lowly expressed in PE patients. CPEB2 upregulation accelerated trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT, while its knockdown had an opposite effect. CPEB2 bound to the CPE site in the 3'-UTR of SSTR3 mRNA to suppress SSTR3 translation through reducing poly(A) tails. Besides, SSTR3 overexpression suppressed trophoblast cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT, while its silencing accelerated trophoblast cell functions. However, these effects could be reversed by CPEB2 upregulation and knockdown, respectively. In vivo experiments, CPEB2 overexpression relieved histopathologic changes, inhibited apoptosis, promoted proliferation and enhanced EMT in the placenta of PE rat by decreasing SSTR3 expression. CONCLUSION: CPEB2 inhibited PE progression, which promoted trophoblast cell functions by inhibiting SSTR3 translation through polyadenylation.
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Poliadenilación , Preeclampsia , Proteínas de Unión al ARN , Receptores de Somatostatina , Trofoblastos , Embarazo , Humanos , Preeclampsia/metabolismo , Preeclampsia/genética , Preeclampsia/patología , Femenino , Animales , Receptores de Somatostatina/metabolismo , Receptores de Somatostatina/genética , Ratas , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Trofoblastos/metabolismo , Trofoblastos/patología , Proliferación Celular , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Adulto , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Movimiento Celular/genética , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Placenta/metabolismo , Placenta/patologíaRESUMEN
Flammability feature of textiles is a big underlying risk causing fire disasters. The fabrication of reliable fire resistant and quick fire warning fabrics is imperative but challenging. Herein, three types of early fire-warning polyester fabrics, namely, FPP@AM-X, FPP@PM-X and FPP@AX-M1, with good flame retardant and piezoresistive sensing performance were developed by fabricating polyethyleneimine (PEI), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), phytic acid (PA) and MXenes onto phosphorus-containing flame retardant polyethylene terephthalate (FRPET) via polydopamine (PDA) mediated layer-by-layer self-assembly. Owing to the improved thermoelectric properties of MXenes, FPP@A5-M1 exhibited a maximum thermoelectric voltage of 0.59 mV at a temperature difference of 130 °C and can provide an ideal cyclic early fire warning response within 4 s. In addition, due to the synergistic flame retardant effect of MXenes and APP in the coating layer, FPP@A5-M1 could be self-extinguished within 2 s after ignition and the value of peak heat release ratio and total smoke production decreased by 41.9% and 30.4%, respectively. Besides, the MXene-based hybrid coated fabric can detect the movement of human fingers and elbows, illustrating its potential application in piezoresistive tension sensing. This work provides a new route to designing and developing multi-functional and smart fire protection fabrics.
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As a transmission medium and heating energy, microwave is widely favored due to its high efficiency, strong selectivity, and easy control. Here, the effects of different heating methods (conventional thermal induction (CI) and microwave induction (MI)) on the polymerization rate of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE) were investigated. Compared with CI, MI significantly boosted the polymerization rate (by approximately 51 times) and markedly decreased the activation energy (Ea), from 46.83 kJ mol-1 to 35.07 kJ mol-1. The polar of the monomers and initiators in the PCE synthesis contributes to varying permittivities and loss factors under the microwave field, which are influenced by their concentration and reaction temperature. The insights gained from the microwave thermal effects and the micro-kinetics of the PCE polymerization system are able to propose theoretical underpinnings for the industrial-scale application of microwave induction polymerization, potentially steering the synthesis of polymer materials towards a more efficient and cleaner process.
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Background: Benign subglottic stenosis has been a challenging illness to treat and manage in clinical because of its special anatomical location, and easy recurrence of the condition, which can cause life-threatening asphyxia. For patients who are not suitable for surgery or in urgent need of preoperative transitional treatment, respiratory endoscopy-guided stent placement becomes an alternative treatment option. Case Description: Clinical data were collected from four patients who received treatment at the Jining First People's Hospital due to benign subglottic stenosis, which was achieved after tracheal intubation/tracheotomy. All patients were male, admitted with shortness of breath, with an average of 45±8.95 years. Among them, three patients refused the surgery, and one patient was unable to tolerate the surgery. Despite repeated intervention under bronchoscopy, airway stability was still not maintained. By inserting modified hourglass silicone stents, the patient's symptoms were improved and the clinical efficacy was satisfactory. Regular follow-up showed good stent position and no granulomatous growth at the ends of the stents. Conclusions: This is an initial report of improved hourglass stents used for the treatment of benign subglottic airway stenosis. In these cases, the modified hourglass stents had good efficacy and fewer complications and were also accepted by patients.
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OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to analyze the relationship between expression levels of chemerin, oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) patients and the relationship between the mentioned indicators and the degree of neurological impairment. METHODS: From January 2020 to February 2021, a total of 328 cases of ICVD patients were admitted to our hospital, and 240 cases of healthy people (control group) were prospectively recruited into this study. The 328 patients were divided into 2 ischemic subtypes, with 233 cases as acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and 95 cases as transient ischemic attack (TIA). Laboratory tests were compared among the groups. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation between chemerin, ox-LDL, MMP-9, PAPP-A levels and neurological deficit. Unconditional logisitic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for neurological deficits. RESULTS: The high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), chemerin, ox-LDL, MMP-9, and PPAP-A levels in the ACI group were significantly higher than those in the TIA group and control group (p < 0.05, respectively), while the levels of the mentioned indicators in the TIA group were significantly higher than those in control group (p < 0.05, respectively). The levels of the given indicators decreased successively in the severe, moderate, and mild neurological deficits population and control group, with statistical difference. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that chemerin, ox-LDL, MMP-9, and PPAP-A levels were positively correlated with the degree of neurological deficit in ICVD patients. Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that chemerin, ox-LDL, MMP-9, and PPAP-A were the independent risk factors for neurological deficit in patients with ICVD. CONCLUSION: LDL-C, FPG, chemerin, ox-LDL, MMP-9, and PPAP-A were highly expressed in ACI and neurological deficit patients. Chemerin, ox-LDL, MMP-9, and PPAP-A may be the independent risk factors for neurological deficit in patients with ICVD.
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Isquemia Encefálica , Ataque Isquémico Transitorio , Quimiocinas , Humanos , Lipoproteínas LDL , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz , Proteína Plasmática A Asociada al EmbarazoRESUMEN
A "group-substitution" synthesis of trivalent phosphines via a C-P activation of phosphonium salts is reported. The alkyl groups were introduced by alkylation of phosphines to form phosphonium salts. The "de-arylation" of phosphonium salts was achieved by C-P activation and transfer hydrogenation with homogeneous or heterogeneous Pd (0) catalysts. With this method, a series of trivalent phosphines were prepared from commercially available triarylphosphines. A chiral monophosphine ligand could be prepared from BINAP in a "de-phosphination" process.
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BACKGROUND: Data regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and genotype distribution are limited in Shandong Province, China. Therefore, we investigated the recent HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among females in Shandong and aimed to provide comprehensive data to guide HPV-based cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination for this population of Chinese women. METHODS: HPV testing results of 94,489 females were retrospectively reviewed and extracted from the database of Jinan KingMed Diagnostics, the largest independent pathology laboratory in Shandong Province, China. HPV was detected by a HPV genotyping panel from January 2011 to June 2017. The overall prevalence, age-specific prevalence, and genotype distribution were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 26,839 cases (28.4%) were HPV-positive, with 4.3% positive for low- or undetermined-risk HPV (lr-/urHPV)-only, 18.1% positive for high-risk HPV (hrHPV)-only, and 6.1% positive for mixed lr-/urHPV and hrHPV infections. Single HPV infections accounted for 62.8%, while the rest were multiple HPV infections of two or more genotypes. HPV16 (5.8%), HPV52 (5.1%), HPV58 (3.5%), HPV51 (2.6%), and HPV56 (2.3%) were the five most common hrHPV genotypes; while HPV81 (2.8%), HPV53 (2.8%), and HPV6 (2.3%) were the three most common lr-/urHPV genotypes. HPV18 (1.7%) was only the ninth most common hrHPV genotype. HPV16 but not HPV52 was more common in single infections than in multiple infections. The distribution of both mixed lr-/urHPV and hrHPV as well as overall HPV infections demonstrated a bimodal pattern across age groups, of which the first peak appeared in the younger group and the second peak was found in older women. A similar age-specific distribution was observed in multiple infections of three or more subtypes as well. Moreover, the proportion of mixed lr-/urHPV and hrHPV infection significantly increased, while those of lr-/urHPV-only and hrHPV-only infections declined as the number of co-infections increased during the study period. CONCLUSION: This large daily clinical practice report shows that HPV prevalence and genotype distribution are different in this population, who had limited cervical cancer screening service, compared to those in developed countries. Therefore, different strategies should be developed for HPV-based cervical cancer screening and vaccine-based HPV prevention in Shandong Province.
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Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Tamizaje Masivo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Papillomaviridae/clasificación , Papillomaviridae/genética , Papillomaviridae/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/virología , Vacunas contra Papillomavirus/farmacología , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/etiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/prevención & controlRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: There is no national cervical screening program or national standards for cervical cytology quality control in China. Since 2013, systematic training and quality control programs were implemented in the Papanicolaou testing process at Jinan KingMed Diagnostics. Pathologists were required to complete 1 year of cytology study in the KingMed Diagnostics Cytology School, including 6 months of a diagnostic course and 6 months of practical training in the clinical laboratory. In this study, we compared the Papanicolaou abnormal reporting rates before and after the implementation systematic training and quality control programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systematic cytology training and quality control (QC) programs were implemented in 2013. Results from 997,162 cases of liquid-based cytology (LBC) and 100,066 cases of conventional Papanicolaou smears (CPS) rendered between 2008 and 2015 at Jinan KingMed Diagnostics were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: After implementation of training and programs, the abnormal reporting rates of atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASC-US), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), atypical squamous cells cannot exclude HSIL (ASC-H), atypical glandular cells (AGC), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in LBC were significantly increased. Similar trends were also observed in CPS reporting, except for ASC-H, squamous cell carcinoma, and AGC, probably due to the small percentages of these categories. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates the importance of the formal cytology training and QC programs to ensure standardized and effective cervical cancer screening in undeveloped countries, which account for the largest percentage of the world's annual incidence of cervical cancer and with a largely unscreened population.
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Células Escamosas Atípicas del Cuello del Útero/patología , Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador/métodos , Prueba de Papanicolaou/normas , Lesiones Intraepiteliales Escamosas/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador/normas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prueba de Papanicolaou/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Currently, available data regarding previous cervical cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) test results to detect invasive cervical cancer are limited and controversial in China. Therefore, this retrospective study in a population of Chinese women with invasive cervical carcinoma aimed to gain further insight into the roles of cytology and hrHPV testing in cervical cancer screening. METHODS: A total of 1214 cases with a histological diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer were retrieved from the Pathology Database of Jinan KingMed Diagnostics (JKD) over a 5-year period. Previous cytology and hrHPV test results of 469 patients carried out within the year before cancer diagnosis were documented. RESULTS: A higher percentage of patients who had undergone prior screening had micro-invasive cervical carcinoma than patients who had no prior screening (25.4% vs. 12.1%, P < 0.001). Of the 469 patients with available prior screening results, 170 had cytology alone, 161 had hrHPV testing alone, and 138 had both cytology and hrHPV testing. There was a significantly lower percentage of hrHPV-positive cases with adenocarcinoma than with squamous cell carcinoma (77.8% vs. 96.4%, P = 0.001). The hrHPV test showed a significantly higher sensitivity than cytology alone (94.4% vs. 85.3%, P = 0.006). The overall sensitivity of the combination of cytology and hrHPV testing (98.6%) was much higher than that of cytology alone (P < 0.001) but only marginally higher than that of hrHPV testing alone (P = 0.058). CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed that prior cervical screening can detect a significantly larger number of micro-invasive cervical cancers. The hrHPV test can provide a more sensitive and efficient strategy than cytology alone. As the addition of cytology to hrHPV testing can only marginally increase the efficiency of the hrHPV test, hrHPV testing should be used as the primary screening approach, especially in the low-resource settings of China.
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Alphapapillomavirus/aislamiento & purificación , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Alphapapillomavirus/patogenicidad , China , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review of prospective studies to confirm the role of breastfeeding in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). DATA SOURCES: A database was constructed from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, National Science Digital Library, and China Biological Medicine Database and through contact with experts in this field from January 1, 1990, to August 31, 2010. STUDY SELECTION: All studies were peer reviewed and met the preset inclusion standards. MAIN EXPOSURE: Breastfeeding. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data regarding HBV intrauterine infection, MTCT, maternal blood and breast milk infectiousness, infant immunoprophylaxis methods and response, and adverse events. The Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effects model was used for all analyses using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Ten qualified studies were included. All were clinical controlled trials, involving 751 infants in the breastfeeding group and 873 infants in the nonbreastfeeding group. As indicated by infant peripheral blood hepatitis B surface antigen or HBV DNA positivity at age 6 to 12 months, the odds ratio of MTCT of HBV in the breastfeeding group compared with that in the nonbreastfeeding group was 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.51-1.45) (from 8 clinical controlled trials, P = .56; I(2) = 0%, P = .99). As indicated by infant peripheral blood hepatitis B surface antibody positivity at age 6 to 12 months, the odds ratio of development of hepatitis B surface antibodies in the breastfeeding group compared with that in the nonbreastfeeding group was 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.69-1.40) (from 8 clinical controlled trials, P = .93; I(2) = 0%, P = .99). No adverse events or complications during breastfeeding were observed. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding after proper immunoprophylaxis did not contribute to MTCT transmission of HBV.