A polyimine aerogel separator with electron cloud design to boost Li-ion transport for stable Li metal batteries.

The separator with high Young's modulus can avoid the danger of large-sized dendrites, but regulating the chemical behavior of lithium (Li) at the separator/anode interface can effectively eliminate the dendrite issue. Herein, a polyimine aerogel (PIA) with accurate nitrogen (N) functional design is used as the functional separator in Li metal batteries to promote uniform Li nucleation and suppress the dendrite growth. Specifically, the imine (N1) and protonated tertiary amine (N2) sites in the molecular structure of the PIA are significantly different in electron cloud density (ECD) distribution. The N1 site with higher ECD and the N2 site with lower ECD tend to attract and repulse Li+ through electrostatic interactions, respectively. This synergy effect of the PIA separator accelerates the interfacial Li+ diffusion on the Li anode to sustain a uniform two-dimensional Li nucleation behavior. Meanwhile, the well-defined nanochannels of the PIA separator show high affinity to electrolyte and bring uniform Li+ flux for Li plating/stripping. Consequently, the dendrites are effectively suppressed by the PIA separator in routine carbonate electrolyte, and the Li metal batteries with the PIA separator exhibit high Coulombic efficiency and stable high-rate cycling. These findings demonstrate that the ingenious marriage of special chemical structure designs and hierarchical pores can enable the separator to affect the interfacial Li nucleation behavior.

Renewable biomass-based aerogels: from structural design to functional regulation.

Global population growth and industrialization have exacerbated the nonrenewable energy crises and environmental issues, thereby stimulating an enormous demand for producing environmentally friendly materials. Typically, biomass-based aerogels (BAs), which are mainly composed of biomass materials, show great application prospects in various fields because of their exceptional properties such as biocompatibility, degradability, and renewability. To improve the performance of BAs to meet the usage requirements of different scenarios, a large number of innovative works in the past few decades have emphasized the importance of micro-structural design in regulating macroscopic functions. Inspired by the ubiquitous random or regularly arranged structures of materials in nature ranging from micro to meso and macro scales, constructing different microstructures often corresponds to completely different functions even with similar biomolecular compositions. This review focuses on the preparation process, design concepts, regulation methods, and the synergistic combination of chemical compositions and microstructures of BAs with different porous structures from the perspective of gel skeleton and pore structure. It not only comprehensively introduces the effect of various microstructures on the physical properties of BAs, but also analyzes their potential applications in the corresponding fields of thermal management, water treatment, atmospheric water harvesting, CO2 absorption, energy storage and conversion, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, biological applications, etc. Finally, we provide our perspectives regarding the challenges and future opportunities of BAs. Overall, our goal is to provide researchers with a thorough understanding of the relationship between the microstructures and properties of BAs, supported by a comprehensive analysis of the available data.

AMPKα2 promotes tumor immune escape by inducing CD8+ T-cell exhaustion and CD4+ Treg cell formation in liver hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is associated with the development of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). AMPKα2, an α2 subunit of AMPK, is encoded by PRKAA2, and functions as the catalytic core of AMPK. However, the role of AMPKα2 in the LIHC tumor immune environment is unclear. METHODS: RNA-seq data were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases. Using the single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset for LIHC obtained from the China National Genebank Database, the communication between malignant cells and T cells in response to different PRKAA2 expression patterns was evaluated. In addition, the association between PRKAA2 expression and T-cell evolution during tumor progression was explored using Pseudotime analysis, and the role of PRKAA2 in metabolic reprogramming was explored using the R "scMetabolis" package. Functional experiments were performed in LIHC HepG2 cells. RESULTS: AMPK subunits were expressed in tissue-specific and substrate-specific patterns. PRKAA2 was highly expressed in LIHC tissues and was associated with poor patient prognosis. Tumors with high PRKAA2 expression displayed an immune cold phenotype. High PRKAA2 expression significantly promoted LIHC immune escape. This result is supported by the following evidence: 1) the inhibition of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression through the regulation of interferon-gamma activity in malignant cells; 2) the promotion of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion and the formation of CD4+ Treg cells in T cells; 3) altered interactions between malignant cells and T cells in the tumor immune environment; and 4) induction of metabolic reprogramming in malignant cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicate that PRKAA2 may contribute to LIHC progression by promoting metabolic reprogramming and tumor immune escape through theoretical analysis, which offers a theoretical foundation for developing PRKAA2-based strategies for personalized LIHC treatment.

Contrast extravasation mimicking intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage after intravenous thrombolytic treatment of ischemic stroke: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Although contrast extravasation on follow-up head computed tomography (CT) is frequently visualized after endovascular treatment, this phenomenon is rare after intravenous thrombolytic treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Here, we report a case of contrast extravasation mimicking intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with intraventricular extension after intravenous thrombolytic treatment and computed tomography angiography (CTA). CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old man presented with right-sided hemiparesis and hypoesthesia. Initial non-contrast head CT was negative for intracranial hemorrhage and acute ischemic changes. He received intravenous treatment with tenecteplase 3.8 h after the onset of stroke. CTA of the head and neck was performed at 4.3 h after stroke onset. It showed no stenosis or occlusion of the carotid and major intracranial arteries. At about 1.5 h after CTA, the right-sided hemiparesis deteriorated, accompanied by drowsiness, aphasia, and urinary incontinence. Immediate head CT showed hyperdense lesions with mild space-occupying effect in the left basal ganglia and both lateral ventricles. The hyperdense lesions were reduced in size on follow-up CT after 5 h. Two days later, CT showed that the hyperdense lesions in the lateral ventricles almost completely disappeared and only a small amount remained in the infarcted area. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast extravasation into the brain tissue and lateral ventricles, mimicking ICH with intraventricular extension, could occur after intravenous thrombolytic treatment and CTA in a patient with AIS, which might lead to misdiagnosis and wrong treatment of the patient. The rapid resolution of intracranial hyperdense lesions is key to differentiate contrast extravasation from ICH on serial non-enhanced CT.

Circularly Polarized Room Temperature Phosphorescence through Twisting-Induced Helical Structures from Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Fibers Containing Hydrogen-Bonded Dyes.

Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have garnered significant attention owing to its distinctive optical characteristics and broad range of potential applications. However, the challenge remains in producing RTP materials with more simplicity, versatility, and practicality on a large scale, particularly in achieving chiral signals within a single system. Herein, we show that a straightforward and effective combination of wet spinning and twisting technique enables continuously fabricating RTP fibers with twisting-induced helical chirality. By leveraging the hydrogen bonding interactions between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and quinoline derivatives, along with the rigid microenvironment provided by PVA chains, typically, Q-NH2@PVA fiber demonstrates outstanding phosphorescent characteristics with RTP lifetime of 1.08 s and phosphorescence quantum yield of 24.6 %, and the improved tensile strength being 1.7 times than pure PVA fiber (172±5.82 vs 100±5.65 MPa). Impressively, the transformation from RTP to circularly polarized room temperature phosphorescence (CP-RTP) is readily achieved by imparting left- or right-hand helical structure through simply twisting, enabling large-scale production of chiral Q-NH2@PVA fiber with dissymmetry factor of 10-2. Besides, an array of displays and encryption patterns are crafted by weaving or seaming to exemplify the promising applications of these PVA-based fibers with outstanding adaptivity in cutting-edge anti-counterfeiting technology.

Dynamically Cross-linked Oligo[2]rotaxane Networks Mediated by Metal-Coordination.

Polyrotaxanes (PRs) have attracted significant research attention due to their unique topological structures and high degrees of conformational freedom. Herein, we take advantage of an oligo[2]rotaxane to  construct a novel class of dynamically cross-linked rotaxane network (DCRN) mediated by metal-coordination. The oligo[2]rotaxane skeleton offers several distinct advantages: In addition to retaining the merits of traditional polymer backbones, the ordered intramolecular motion of the [2]rotaxane motifs introduced dangling chains into the network, thereby enhancing the stretchability of the DCRN. Additionally, the dissociation of host‒guest recognition and subsequent sliding motion, along with the breakage of metal-coordination interactions, represented an integrated energy dissipation pathway to enhance mechanical properties. Moreover, the resulting DCRN demonstrated responsiveness to multiple stimuli and displayed exceptional self-healing capabilities in a gel state. Upon exposure to PPh3, which induced network deconstruction by breaking the coordinated cross-linking points, the oligo[2]rotaxane could be recovered, showcasing good recyclability. These findings demonstrate the untapped potential of the oligo[2]rotaxane as a polymer skeleton to develop DCRN and open the door to extend their advanced applications in intelligent mechanically interlocked materials.

Mechanically Interlocked [an]Daisy Chain Adhesives with Simultaneously Enhanced Interfacial Adhesion and Cohesion.

Adhesives have been widely used to splice and repair materials to meet practical needs of humanity for thousands of years. However, developing robust adhesives with balanced adhesive and cohesive properties still remains a challenging task. Herein, we report the design and preparation of a robust mechanically interlocked [an]daisy chain network (DCMIN) adhesive by orthogonal integration of mechanical bond and 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidone (UPy) H-bonding in a single system. Specifically, the UPy moiety plays dual roles: cross-linking for network formation and multivalent interactions with substrate for strong interfacial bonding. Mechanically interlocked [an]daisy chain, serving as the polymeric backbone of the adhesive, is able to effectively alleviate applied stress and uphold network integrity through synergistic intramolecular motions and thus significantly improve the cohesive performance. Therefore, comparative analyses with the control made of the same quadruple H-bonding network but with non-interlocked [an]daisy chain backbones demonstrate that our DCMIN possesses superior adhesion properties over a wide temperature range. These findings not only contribute to a deep understanding of the structure-property relationships between microscopic mechanical bond motions and macroscopic adhesive properties but also provide a valuable guidance for optimizing design principles of robust adhesives.

Oligo[2]catenane That Is Robust at Both the Microscopic and Macroscopic Scales.

Polycatenanes are extremely attractive topological architectures on account of their high degrees of conformational freedom and multiple motion patterns of the mechanically interlocked macrocycles. However, exploitation of these peculiar structural and dynamic characteristics to develop robust catenane materials is still a challenging goal. Herein, we synthesize an oligo[2]catenane that showcases mechanically robust properties at both the microscopic and macroscopic scales. The key feature of the structural design is controlling the force-bearing points on the metal-coordinated core of the [2]catenane moiety that is able to maximize the energy dissipation of the oligo[2]catenane via dissociation of metal-coordination bonds and then activation of sequential intramolecular motions of circumrotation, translation, and elongation under an external force. As such, at the microscopic level, the single-molecule force spectroscopy measurement exhibits that the force to rupture dynamic bonds in the oligo[2]catenane reaches a record high of 588 ± 233 pN. At the macroscopic level, our oligo[2]catenane manifests itself as the toughest catenane material ever reported (15.2 vs 2.43 MJ/m3). These fundamental findings not only deepen the understanding of the structure-property relationship of poly[2]catenanes with a full set of dynamic features but also provide a guiding principle to fabricate high-performance mechanically interlocked catenane materials.

Spatiotemporal mode-locking of an all-fiber laser based on InP quantum dot saturable absorber.

Passive mode-locking based on saturable absorbers (SAs) is an effective way to generate ultrafast pulses, while the spatiotemporal mode-locking (STML) based on SAs are rarely studied. We construct an all-fiber laser with InP quantum dots (QDs) SA, and realize multi-mode Q-switching (MMQS) and STML. In addition, by adjusting the polarization controller (PC) in the laser cavity, we obtain two different single-pulse STML states. The narrowest pulse widths of the two states are 57 ps and 32 ps, respectively, and the pulse width can be tuned continuously with increasing the pump power. By decoupling the effects of the PC and the SA in our experiment, we find that the polarization plays a key role in the selection of transverse modes. The effect of independent polarization on spatiotemporal mode-locked pulses has not been investigated before. To further analyze and understand the experimental results, we numerically solve the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, and compare the numerical simulation with the experimental results. In addition to passively adjusting cavity loss, the InP QD SA can balance the large walk off between different transverse modes, due to the spatial and spectral filtering effects. Our work has important implications for the design and application of all-fiber STML lasers.

A Modified Approach to Measuring Femoro-Epiphyseal Acetabular Roof (FEAR) Index Has Better Intraobserver and Interobserver Reliability Compared With the Original FEAR Index.

PURPOSE: To propose a modified approach to measuring the femoro-epiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index while still abiding by its definition and biomechanical basis, and to compare the intra- and interobserver reliabilities of the original and the modified FEAR index. To propose a classification for medial sourcil edges. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of patients treated with periacetabular osteotomy and/or hip arthroscopy at a single institute. Patients with unilateral or bilateral symptomatic borderline hip(s) were included. Hips with remarkable osteoarthritis, deformities, history of previous surgery, or without symptoms were excluded. A modified FEAR index was defined using a best-fit circle to determine the sourcil line and 2 ancillary lines connecting femoral head and sourcil edges to determine epiphyseal line. Lateral center-edge angle, Sharp angle, Tönnis angle on all hips, as well as FEAR index with original and modified approaches, were measured. Intra- and interobserver reliability were calculated as intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the FEAR index with both approaches and other alignments. A classification was proposed to categorize medial sourcil edges. ICCs for the 2 approaches across different sourcil groups also were calculated. RESULTS: After we reviewed 411 patients, 49 were finally included. Thirty-two patients (40 hips) were identified as having borderline dysplasia defined by a lateral center-edge angle of 18 to 25°. Intraobserver ICCs for the modified method were good to excellent for borderline hips; poor to excellent for developmental dysplasia of the hip; and moderate to excellent for normal hips. As for interobserver reliability, the modified approach outperformed original approach with moderate-to-good interobserver reliability (developmental dysplasia of the hip group, ICC = 0.650; borderline dysplasia group, ICC = 0.813; normal hip group, ICC = 0.709). The medial sourcil edge was classified to 3 groups upon its morphology. Type II (39.0%) and III (43.9%) sourcil were the dominant patterns. The sourcil classification had substantial intraobserver agreement (observer 4, kappa = 0.68; observer 1, kappa = 0.799) and moderate interobserver agreement (kappa = 0.465). The modified approach to FEAR index possessed greater interobserver reliability in all medial sourcil edge patterns. CONCLUSIONS: The modified FEAR index has better intra- and interobserver reliability compared with the original approach in all hip groups and sourcil groups. Type II and III sourcil types account for the majority, to which the modified approach is better. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, development of diagnostic criteria (consecutive patients with consistently applied reference standard and blinding).

Mechanically Interlocked [2]Rotaxane Aerogels with Tunable Morphologies and Mechanical Properties.

Mechanical bonds have been utilized as promising motifs to construct mechanically interlocked aerogels (MIAs) with mechanical adaptivity and multifunctionality. However, fabricating such aerogels with not only precise chemical structures but also dynamic features remains challenging. Herein, we present MIAs carrying dense [2]rotaxane units, which bestow both the stability and flexibility of the aerogel network. Owing to the stable chemical structure of a [2]rotaxane, MIAs possessing a precise and full-scale mechanically interlocked network could be fabricated with the aid of diverse solvents. In addition, the dynamic nature of the [2]rotaxane resulted in morphologies and mechanical performances of the MIAs that can be dramatically modulated under chemical stimuli. We hope that the structure-property relationship in MIAs will facilitate the development of mechanically interlocked materials and provide novel opportunities toward constructing smart materials with multifunctionalities.

Mechanically Interlocked Aerogels with Densely Rotaxanated Backbones.

Mechanically interlocked molecules are considered promising candidates for the construction of self-adaptive materials by virtue of their fascinating structural and dynamic features. However, it is still a great challenge to fabricate such materials with higher complexity and richer functionality. Herein, we propose the concept of mechanically interlocked aerogels (MIAs) in which the three-dimensional (3D) porous frameworks are made of dense mechanically interlocked modules, thereby enabling the integration of mechanical adaptivity and multifunctionality in a single entity. The lightweight MIA monoliths possess a good appearance and hierarchical meso- and submicron-pores. Profiting from the combination of dynamic mechanical bonds and porous skeletons of aerogels, our MIAs are not only mechanically robust (average Young's modulus = 5.80 GPa and specific modulus = 130.5 kN·m/kg) but also showcase favorable mechanical adaptivity and responsiveness under external stimuli. Taking advantage of the above integrative merits, we demonstrate the multifunctionality of our MIAs in terms of iodine uptake, thermal insulation, and selective adsorption of organic dyes. Our work opens the door to designing intelligent aerogels with delicate topological chemical structures while facilitating the development of mechanically interlocked materials.

Variations in lower limb alignments indicate pelvic tilt after total hip arthroplasty.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to correlate various spinopelvic and lower limb alignments, and to examine the current spinopelvic theories on a Chinese cohort. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 166 patients undergoing THA. Among them, 138 patients with unilateral THA met the inclusion criteria. Sagittal alignments and cup orientations were measured on standing and sitting lateral EOS images. Patients were categorized into two groups with a scoring system for lumbar spine degeneration. Patients' demographics including age, sex, lumbar spine degeneration and radiographic measurements were studied. RESULTS: PT, SS, LL and TK differed significantly between standing and sitting within each group except for TK in degenerative group (32.8 ± 13.9 vs. 32.9 ± 14.2, p = 0.905). Compared with degenerative spine group, non-degenerative spine patients have great pelvic mobility (ΔPT, -24.4 ± 12.5° vs. -17.6 ± 10.7, p = 0.0008), greater lumbar mobility (ΔLL, -34.8 ± 15.2 vs. -21.7 ± 12.2, p = < 0.0001) and compensatory cup orientation changes (ΔRA, -15.5 ± 11.1 vs. -12.0 ± 8.4, p = 0.00920; ΔRI, -10.8 ± 11.5 vs. -5.6 ± 7.5, p = 0.0055). Standing PT and ankle dorsiflexion angle correlated positively (R2 = 0.236, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: THA patients in this cohort showed a spinopelvic motion paradigm similar to that from previous studies on Caucasians. Ankle dorsiflexion indicate greater posterior pelvic tilt on standing. Surgeons should beware of risks of instability in patients with lower limb compensations. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This study provides new insights into the clinical relevance of lower limb alignments to spinopelvic motion after THA in a relatively young Chinese population.

High-risk human papillomavirus and ZEB1 in ocular adnexal sebaceous carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Ocular adnexal (OA) sebaceous carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy. Oncologic drivers of ocular sebaceous carcinoma are incompletely understood. METHODS: A retrospective search of our pathology archives for OA sebaceous carcinoma identified 18 primary resection specimens. Immunohistochemistry for p16 and ZEB1 and RNA in situ hybridization for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes were performed. RESULTS: High-risk HPV was demonstrated in 2/11 (18%) cases. p16 overexpression was observed in 10/11 (91%). No association between gender, age at presentation, tumor location, intraepithelial spread, tumor size, and T stage was observed between HPV-driven and nonviral cases. High expression of ZEB1 was observed in the intraepithelial component of 4/14 (28%) cases and in the subepithelial component of 1/13 (7%) cases. ZEB1 overexpression was not associated with HPV status, T stage, or tumor size. CONCLUSION: As previously described by others, our findings suggest that a subset of OA sebaceous carcinomas may arise via an HPV-dependent pathway. However, unlike high-risk HPV-driven carcinomas of the oropharynx, we did not identify an association between HPV-status and prognostic features. Furthermore, p16 expression was not a useful surrogate marker for HPV-driven disease. ZEB1 overexpression is not associated with HPV in our cohort of ocular sebaceous carcinoma.

Association between SP-A rs1965708 gene polymorphism and allergic rhinitis risk in Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary surfactant protein A (SP-A) in the respiratory tract plays an important role in host. In the present, we assessed the association between SP-A gene polymorphism and allergic rhinitis. METHODS: Using a case-control design, we compared the genotype frequencies of SP-A rs1965708 between allergic rhinitis patients and healthy control group. Genotyping was performed using real-time quantitative PCR-based molecular identification methods. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to quantitatively assess the association between rs1965708 polymorphism and allergic rhinitis, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were also calculated. RESULTS: 500 patients with allergic rhinitis and 500 healthy controls were included in the study. Compared with the CC genotype, we found that AA genotype of rs1965708 could increase the allergic rhinitis risk in the univariate analysis (OR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.56-4.54, p = 0.000). For dominant model, we found no significant difference in the dominant model (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.86-1.52, p = 0.367). In the recessive model, the CC genotype could elevate the risk of allergic rhinitis compared with CC + AA genotype (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.61-4.54, p = 0.000). Similar results were also found in the allele model (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07-1.54, p = 0.008). Interactions between rs1965708 AA or AC and smoking increased the allergic rhinitis risk. CONCLUSIONS: The rs1965708 variants of SP-A gene polymorphism are associated with allergic rhinitis, and the A allele could increase the allergic rhinitis risk. The AA SNP variants that interact with smoking may alter the susceptibility to allergic rhinitis.

Ta2O5 Nanocrystals Strengthened Mechanical, Magnetic, and Radiation Shielding Properties of Heavy Metal Oxide Glass.

In this study, for the first time, diamagnetic 5d0 Ta5+ ions and Ta2O5 nanocrystals were utilized to enhance the structural, mechanical, magnetic, and radiation shielding of heavy metal oxide glasses. Transparent Ta2O5 nanocrystal-doped heavy metal oxide glasses were obtained, and the embedded Ta2O5 nanocrystals had sizes ranging from 20 to 30 nm. The structural analysis of the Ta2O5 nanocrystal displays the transformation from hexagonal to orthorhombic Ta2O5. Structures of doped glasses were studied through X-ray diffraction and infrared and Raman spectra, which reveal that Ta2O5 exists in highly doped glass as TaO6 octahedral units, acting as a network modifier. Ta5+ ions strengthened the network connectivity of 1-5% Ta2O5-doped glasses, but Ta5+ acted as a network modifier in a 10% doped sample and changed the frame coordination units of the glass. All Ta2O5-doped glasses exhibited improved Vicker's hardness, magnetization (9.53 × 10-6 emu/mol), and radiation shielding behaviors (RPE% = 96-98.8%, MAC = 32.012 cm2/g, MFP = 5.02 cm, HVL = 0.0035-3.322 cm, and Zeff = 30.5) due to the increase in density and polarizability of the Ta2O5 nanocrystals.

A Mortise-and-Tenon Joint Inspired Mechanically Interlocked Network.

Mortise-and-tenon joints have been widely used for thousands of years in wooden architectures in virtue of their artistic and functional performance. However, imitation of similar structural and mechanical design philosophy to construct mechanically adaptive materials at the molecular level is a challenge. Herein, we report a mortise-and-tenon joint inspired mechanically interlocked network (MIN), in which the [2]rotaxane crosslink not only mimics the joint in structure, but also reproduces its function in modifying mechanical properties of the MIN. Benefiting from the hierarchical energy dissipative ability along with the controllable intramolecular movement of the mechanically interlocked crosslink, the resultant MIN simultaneously exhibits notable mechanical adaptivity and structural stability in a single system, as manifested by decent stiffness, strength, toughness, and deformation recovery capacity.

Fatal intracranial hemorrhage from brain AVM in a 7-week-old infant: case report and recent literature review.

Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular abnormalities that typically present with spontaneous hemorrhage, seizure, or as a mass lesion. Pediatric brain AVMs are rarely diagnosed but carry a higher rate of rupture. We report a 7-week-old infant with rapid fatal intracranial hemorrhage from an undiagnosed brain. AVM confirmed at autopsy. Literature review on pediatric patients who had acute death caused by previously undiagnosed brain AVM from 1992 to 2018 revealed that cerebellum is the most frequent location of such AVMs, followed by thalamus. All the children had extensive intracranial hemorrhage that led to their deterioration despite surgical intervention.

Prediction of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma survival based on the expression of 15 lncRNAs.

Recent evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators of many cancer-related processes, including cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. There is thus a reason to believe that the detection of lncRNAs may be useful as a diagnostic and prognostic strategy for cancer detection, however, at present no effective genome-wide tests are available for clinical use, constraining the use of such a strategy. In this study, we performed a comprehensive assessment of lncRNAs expressed in samples in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cohort available in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. A risk score (RS) model was constructed based on the expression data of these 15 lncRNAs in the validation data set of HNSCC patients and was subsequently validated in validation data set and the entire data set. We were able to stratify patients into high- and low-risk categories, using our lncRNA expression panel to determine an RS, with significant differences in overall survival (OS) between these two groups in our test set (median survival, 1.863 vs. 5.484 years; log-rank test, p < 0.001). We were able to confirm the predictive value of our 15-lncRNA signature using both a validation data set and a full data set, finding our signature to be reproducible and effective as a means of predicting HNSCC patient OS. Through the multivariate Cox regression and stratified analyses, we were further able to confirm that the predictive value of this RS was independent of other predictive factors such as clinicopathological parameters. The Gene set enrichment analysis revealed potential functional roles for these 15 lncRNAs in tumor progression. Our findings indicate that an RS established based on a panel of lncRNA expression signatures can effectively predict OS and facilitate patient stratification in HNSCC.

A panel of Transcription factors identified by data mining can predict the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Transcription factors (TFs) are responsible for the regulation of various activities related to cancer like cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. It is thought that, the measurement of TFs levels could assist in developing strategies for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer detection. However, due to lack of effective genome-wide tests, this cannot be carried out in clinical settings. METHODS: A complete assessment of RNA-seq data in samples of a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cohort in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was carried out. From the expression data of six TFs, a risk score model was developed and further validated in the GSE41613 and GSE65858 series. Potential functional roles were identified for the six TFs via gene set enrichment analysis. RESULTS: Based on our multi-TF signature, patients are stratified into high- and low-risk groups with significant variations in overall survival (OS) (median survival 2.416 vs. 5.934 years, log-rank test P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity evaluation of our multi-TF for 3-year OS in TCGA, GSE41613 and GSE65858 was 0.707, 0.679 and 0.605, respectively, demonstrating good reproducibility and robustness for predicting overall survival of HNSCC patients. Through multivariate Cox regression analyses (MCRA) and stratified analyses, we confirmed that the predictive capability of this risk score (RS) was not dependent on any of other factors like clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSIONS: With the help of a RS obtained from a panel of TFs expression signatures, effective OS prediction and stratification of HNSCC patients can be carried out.