RESUMEN
We have explored the feasibility of using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and polyglycolic acid (PGA) for constructing muscular tubes of urethra in a bioreactor. With the induction of by 5-azacytidine, ADSCs were found to acquire a myoblast phenotype. Here we seeded ADSCs in a PGA mesh to construct the cell-PGA complex that was cultured statically for 1 week. Afterwards, the cell-PGA complex was subjected to extension stimulation in a bioreactor for 5 weeks. A muscular tube of urethra was formed after 6 weeks. Histological examination showed differentiated ADSCs and collagenous fibers had orientated well. This study demonstrates that tissue engineering of urethra tissues in vitro by using a bioreactor leads to tissue maturation and the differentiation of ADSCs. This novel technique could provide an effective approach for urethra tissue engineering.
Asunto(s)
Diferenciación Celular , Mioblastos/fisiología , Ácido Poliglicólico/metabolismo , Células Madre/fisiología , Ingeniería de Tejidos/métodos , Uretra/fisiología , Reactores BiológicosRESUMEN
Urethral defects are common and frequent disorders and are difficult to treat. Simple natural or synthetic materials do not provide a satisfactory curative solution for long urethral defects, and urethroplasty with large areas of autologous tissues is limited and might interfere with wound healing. In this study, adipose-derived stem cells were used. These cells can be derived from a wide range of sources, have extensive expansion capability, and were combined with oral mucosal epithelial cells to solve the problem of finding seeding cell sources for producing the tissue-engineered urethras. We also used the synthetic biodegradable polymer poly-glycolic acid (PGA) as a scaffold material to overcome issues such as potential pathogen infections derived from natural materials (such as de-vascular stents or animal-derived collagen) and differing diameters. Furthermore, we used a bioreactor to construct a tissue-engineered epithelial-muscular lumen with a double-layer structure (the epithelial lining and the muscle layer). Through these steps, we used an epithelial-muscular lumen built in vitro to repair defects in a canine urethral defect model (1 cm). Canine urethral reconstruction was successfully achieved based on image analysis and histological techniques at different time points. This study provides a basis for the clinical application of tissue engineering of an epithelial-muscular lumen.