Nationwide genome surveillance of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Japan.

Japan is a country with an approximate 10% prevalence rate of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA). Currently, a comprehensive overview of the genotype and phenotype patterns of CRPA in Japan is lacking. Herein, we conducted genome sequencing and quantitative antimicrobial susceptibility testing for 382 meropenem-resistant CRPA isolates that were collected from 78 hospitals across Japan from 2019 to 2020. CRPA exhibited susceptibility rates of 52.9%, 26.4%, and 88.0% against piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin, respectively, whereas 27.7% of CRPA isolates was classified as difficult-to-treat resistance P. aeruginosa. Of the 148 sequence types detected, ST274 (9.7%) was predominant, followed by ST235 (7.6%). The proportion of urine isolates in ST235 was higher than that in other STs (P = 0.0056, χ2 test). Only 4.1% of CRPA isolates carried the carbapenemase genes: blaGES (2) and blaIMP (13). One ST235 isolate carried the novel blaIMP variant blaIMP-98 in the chromosome. Regarding chromosomal mutations, 87.1% of CRPA isolates possessed inactivating or other resistance mutations in oprD, and 28.8% showed mutations in the regulatory genes (mexR, nalC, and nalD) for the MexAB-OprM efflux pump. Additionally, 4.7% of CRPA isolates carried a resistance mutation in the PBP3-encoding gene ftsI. The findings from this study and other surveillance studies collectively demonstrate that CRPA exhibits marked genetic diversity and that its multidrug resistance in Japan is less prevailed than in other regions. This study contributes a valuable data set that addresses a gap in genotype/phenotype information regarding CRPA in the Asia-Pacific region, where the epidemiological background markedly differs between regions.

Trimethylamine N-oxide, ß-alanine, tryptophan index, and vitamin B6-related dietary patterns in association with stroke risk.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study was to examine the associations of dietary patterns derived by reduced-rank regression (RRR) model reflecting variation in novel biomarkers (trimethylamine N-oxide, ß-alanine, tryptophan index, and vitamin B6) with stroke risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed analyses based on a community-based cohort study "the Prospective Follow-up Study on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in China (PFS-CMMC)". Factor loadings were calculated by RRR using 11 food groups collected via a validated food frequency questionnaire and the four response variables based on its nested case-control data (393 cases of stroke vs. 393 matched controls). Dietary pattern scores were derived by applying the factor loadings to the food groups in the entire cohort (n = 15,518). The associations of dietary pattern with the stroke risk were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. The dietary pattern characterized with higher intakes of red meat and poultry but lower intakes of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, and fish/seafoods were identified for further analyses. The hazard ratios (HR) for the highest vs. lowest quartile was 1.55 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.18-2.03, P trend = 0.001] for total stroke, 2.96 [95 % CI: 1.53-5.71, P trend <0.001] for non-ischemic stroke, after adjustment for sex, age, educational attainment, current smoking, current drinking, body mass index, total energy intake, family history of stroke, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the importance of limited meat intake and increased intakes of fresh vegetables, fruits, and fish/seafoods in the prevention of stroke among Chinese adults.

Sex differences in the association between plasma branched-chain amino acids and risk of ischemic stroke: A nested case-control study from China.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the prospective associations between plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the risk of ischemic stroke in men and women. METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study within a community-based cohort in China. The cohort consisted of 15,926 participants in 2013-2018. A total of 321 ischemic stroke cases were identified during the follow up and individually matched with 321 controls by date of birth (±1 year) and sex. Females accounted for 55.8% (n = 358, 179 cases vs 179 controls) of the study population. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between plasma BCAAs and ischemic stroke risk by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Elevated plasma isoleucine was associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke in women. The OR for the highest compared to the lowest quartile was 2.22 (95% CI: 1.11-4.44, P trend = 0.005) after adjustment for body mass index, education attainment, smoking, hypertension, renal function, menopause and physical activity. A similar association was found for total BCAAs (adjusted OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.05-3.95, P trend = 0.04). In contrast, no significant association of plasma BCAAs with ischemic stroke risk was observed in men. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma isoleucine and total BCAAs were significantly associated with ischemic stroke risk in women, but not in men, highlighting sex differences in BCAAs metabolism and stroke pathogenesis.

Plasma levels of urea cycle related amino acids in association with risk of ischemic stroke: Findings from a nested case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: The role of urea cycle related amino acids in the development of ischemic stroke (IS) remains unclear. The study aimed to evaluate the association of these amino acids with IS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested within a cohort study in Changshu, Eastern China. A total of 321 cases and 321 controls matched by age and gender were finally included. Plasma levels of ornithine, arginine, spermidine, and proline were measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Plasma ornithine was inversely associated with risk of IS [crude OR: 0.62 (95 % CI: 0.40-0.97)]. After adjustment for body mass index, smoking, hypertension, family history of stroke, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and total cholesterol, the corresponding ORs for the highest compared to the lowest quartiles was essentially unchanged [adjusted OR: 0.62 (95 % CI: 0.39-0.99)]. The risk association remained significant after repeating the analyses by excluding the first two years of follow-up. Plasma arginine, spermidine, and proline were not associated with the risk of IS. CONCLUSION: We observed that higher plasma levels of ornithine were associated with a lower risk of incident IS. Our novel findings suggest a protective role of ornithine in the pathogenesis of IS.

Associations of plasma TMAO and its precursors with stroke risk in the general population: A nested case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut-derived atherogenic metabolite. However, the role of TMAO and its precursors in the development of stroke remains unclear. We aimed to examine the associations between metabolites in TMAO biosynthesis and stroke risk. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed in a community-based cohort (2013-2018, n = 16,113). We included 412 identified stroke cases and 412 controls matched by age and sex. Plasma carnitine, choline, betaine, trimethyl lysine (TML), and TMAO were measured by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between these biomarkers and stroke risk. RESULTS: After adjustment for body mass index, smoking, hypertension, educational attainment, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, the corresponding OR for the highest versus lowest quartile was 1.74 (95% CI: 1.16-2.61, P trend = 0.006) for total stroke and 1.81 (95% CI: 1.14-2.86, P trend = 0.020) for ischemic stroke in an essentially linear dose-response fashion. A significant association between TMAO and nonischemic stroke was shown as a J-shape with OR for the highest versus second quartile of 5.75 (95% CI: 1.73-19.1). No meaningful significant risk association was found among plasma carnitine, choline, betaine, and TML with stroke risk. CONCLUSIONS: Increased TMAO was associated with higher stroke risk in the community-based population, whereas the TMAO precursors carnitine, choline, betaine, and TML were not associated. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to further elucidate the role of TMAO in the development of stroke.

Plasma ß-Alanine is Positively Associated With Risk of Ischemic Stroke: a Nested Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggested that ß-alanine as a neurotransmitter could affect the pathogenesis of ischemic damage. However, the association between circulating ß-alanine and risk of ischemic stroke (IS) has not been evaluated in populations. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to examine the association between ß-alanine and IS risk in a nested case-control study. METHODS: We performed a case-control study nested within a prospective community-based cohort (n = 16457; median follow-up time: 5.3 y), which included 321 incident IS cases and 321 controls matched by age and sex. Β-alanine and other metabolites were measured in plasma after overnight fasting by LC-MS/MS. The association of ß-alanine with risk of IS was evaluated by conditional logistic regression. BMI, current smoking, educational attainment, physical activity, total energy intake, family history of stroke, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and estimated GFR were adjusted in multivariable models. RESULTS: There was a significant Spearman partial correlation between ß-alanine and 4-pyridoxic acid (ρ = 0.239; P < 0.001). Participants with elevated ß-alanine levels were more likely to develop IS with an adjusted OR of 1.26 (95% CI: 1.06-1.51; P = 0.011) (per standard deviation increment). This association remained significant after excluding the first 2 y of follow-up, and after further adjustment for red meat intake, total protein intake, medication use, or vitamin B6 indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Our novel findings revealed that plasma ß-alanine at baseline were positively associated with risk of IS and may function as an early biomarker of IS risk.

Association of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet with self-reported sleep-disordered breathing (SDB): a cross-sectional study from China.

Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been associated with sleep quality. However, its relationship with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the association between the DASH diet and SDB using data from a community-based survey among adults in Suzhou, Eastern China. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Suzhou Food Consumption and Health Survey in 2018-2020. Dietary intake was measured by a validated FFQ. The association between the DASH diet and SDB was estimated by multivariable logistic regression analysis. In addition, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to reinforce our findings. A total of 3939 participants were included in the final analysis. Participants in the upper quintile of the DASH score consumed more fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, whole grains, and dairy products, and less Na, red/processed meats, and sweetened beverages. The OR for the highest compared with the lowest quintile of the DASH score was 0·68 (95 % CI 0·52, 0·88; Pfor trend = 0·004) for SDB after multivariable adjustment. Of the eight DASH components, vegetables, nuts and legumes, and dairy products were inversely associated with SDB. The associations were similar in subgroups by age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. Adherence to the DASH diet was independently associated with decreased odds of self-reported SDB. Our novel results expand previous findings on diet and sleep and suggest the possibility of improving SDB by enhancing diet quality.

Association between dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet and hyperuricemia among Chinese adults: findings from a nationwide representative study.

BACKGROUND: Certain foods and food groups could positively or negatively impact serum uric acid (SUA) levels. However, evidence on the holistic dietary strategy to prevent and control hyperuricemia (HUA) development remains limited. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research work was to explore the association of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet with SUA levels and odds of HUA among Chinese adults. METHODS: This research premise included 66,427 Chinese adults aged 18 and above who were part of the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance in 2015. Dietary consumptions were assessed via the household condiment weighing approach and a three-day, 24-hour dietary recall. Total fat, saturated fat, calcium, protein, potassium, cholesterol, magnesium, fiber, and sodium were all adopted to calculate the DASH score (score range, 0-9). The associations of DASH score with SUA levels and odds of HUA were evaluated using multiple linear and logistic regression models, respectively. RESULTS: We established that a higher DASH score was linked with a lower SUA levels (ß = - 0.11; 95% CI: - 0.12, - 0.1; p < 0.001) and odds of HUA (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.87; p < 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, education status, marital status, health behaviours and health factors. The association of the DASH diet with odds of HUA was stronger among men (p-interaction = 0.009), non-Han Chinese (p-interaction< 0.001) as well as rural residents (p-interaction< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results illustrate that the DASH diet was remarkably negatively with SUA levels and odds of HUA in the Chinese adult population.

Comorbidities are associated with self-reported sleep-disordered breathing and insomnia: a cross-sectional study from China.

PURPOSE: We aimed to examine the associations of comorbidities with self-reported sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and insomnia among Chinese adults. METHODS: The study used data from a community-based cross-sectional survey performed in China in 2018-2020. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations of 12 comorbidities with SDB and insomnia. RESULTS: A total of 4329 Han Chinese adults aged ≥ 18 years were enrolled. Of these, 1970 (45.5%) were male, with a median age of 48 years (interquartile range: 34-59). Compared with the participants without any conditions, adjusted ORs for SDB and insomnia for those with ≥ 4 comorbidities were 2.33 (95% CI: 1.58, 3.43, P-trend < 0.001) and 3.89 (95% CI: 2.69, 5.64, P-trend < 0.001), respectively. Seven comorbidities (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), bone and joint disease, neck or lumbar disease, chronic digestive diseases, and chronic urological disease) were positively associated with both SDB and insomnia. Cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were also independently associated with insomnia. Of all comorbidities, cancer was most strongly associated with insomnia (OR = 3.16; 95% CI: 1.78, 5.63; P < 0.001), and CHD was most strongly associated with SDB (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.64; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed that adults with an increasing number of comorbidities had higher odds for SDB and insomnia, which were independent of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

Noise effective masking level for bone conduction of wide-spectrum short-duration signals in normal hearing adults.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the noise effective masking level (EML) and inter-aural attenuation (IA) for click and CE-Chirp signals presented though a Radioear B-81 to elicit the auditory brainstem responses in normally hearing, young adults. DESIGN AND STUDY SAMPLE: A total of 26 conveniently sampled adults (13 male and 13 female, aged 18-25 years; 52 ears), with pure-tone hearing thresholds not >15 dB nHL at octave frequencies from 250 to 8000 Hz, and subjective thresholds for the bone-conducted click and CE-Chirp not >10 dB nHL. RESULTS: At stimulus intensities of 30 and 40 dB nHL, the contralateral EML was 67.86 ± 0.78 and 77.80 ± 0.81 dB SPL (respectively) for the click and 72.11 ± 0.74 and 83.53 ± 0.78 dB SPL (respectively) for the CE-Chirp. At stimulus intensities of 30 and 40 dB nHL, the IA was 3.46 ± 2.34 and 3.38 ± 2.03 dB (respectively) for both the click and the CE-Chirp. CONCLUSION: EML and IA values are reported for click and CE-Chirp signals presented at 30 and 40 dB nHL though a Radioear B-81 to elicit the ABR in normally hearing, young adults.

Short report: COVID-19 related knowledge, anxiety, and attitude towards the back-to-school arrangement among college students in China: a cross-sectional study.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been assumed to affect mental health of college students. The present cross-sectional study was conducted to examine levels of knowledge and anxiety about COVID-19, as well as attitude towards the back-to-school arrangement among college students in China in May 2020. A total of 716 students (312 males, 404 females) were included. Only 38.1% of the participants showed good knowledge about COVID-19. Moderate and severe anxiety was observed among 7.6% of the students. There were 15.6% of the participants opposing the back-to-school arrangement. Female students had more risk of having anxiety symptoms and negative attitude towards the back-to-school arrangement (p < 0.05). In addition, the level of anxiety was positively associated with the negative attitude towards the back-to-school arrangement (r = 0.11, p < 0.05). We therefore suggest that health education and psychological interventions should be given to college students, especially females and those without health-related backgrounds during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms and their associations with cardiovascular risk factors in coronary patients.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety in CHD patients and to explore the association between established cardiovascular risk factors and depression as well as anxiety. 2,216 patients with CHD confirmed by angiography were included in this cross-sectional study. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety symptoms. The frequencies of individual depressive and anxiety symptoms grouped by age and gender were analyzed. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify cardiovascular risk factors associated with anxiety and depression. The overall prevalence rates of depression and anxiety in CHD patients were 8.2% and 5.4%, respectively. There were significant differences in the frequency of depression and anxiety symptoms between genders. However, age differences among individual depression and anxiety symptoms were insignificant. In multivariable analysis, female gender, smoking, and hyperlipidemia were associated with a more frequent depression occurrence, and female gender was associated with more frequent anxiety. Depression and anxiety were not associated with other cardiovascular risk factors. These findings suggest that a substantial proportion of CHD patients experienced anxiety and depression symptoms. Differences in depressive or anxiety symptoms among the distribution of individual symptoms need more attention. Depression was significantly associated with female gender, smoking, and hyperlipidemia. No anxiety symptom associations with cardiovascular risk factors were demonstrated to be significant except for the female. More research is needed to unravel the mechanisms of depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular disease.

[Oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome caused by BCOR gene mutations: a case report]. / BCORåŸºå› çªå˜è‡´æ–°ç”Ÿå„¿çœ¼-面-心-牙综合征1例.

A full-term female infant was admitted at 5 hours after birth due to heart malformations found during the fetal period and cyanosis once after birth. Mmultiple malformations of eyes, face, limbs, and heart were noted. The whole-exome sequencing revealed a pathogenic heterozygous mutation, c.2428C>T(p.Arg810*), in the BCOR gene. The infant was then diagnosed with oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome. He received assisted ventilation to improve oxygenation and nutritional support during hospitalization. Right ventricular double outlet correction was performed 1 month after birth. Ocular lesions were followed up and scheduled for elective surgery. The possibility of oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome should be considered for neonates with multiple malformations of eyes, face, and heart, and genetic testing should be performed as early as possible to confirm the diagnosis; meanwhile, active ophthalmic and cardiovascular symptomatic treatment should be given to improve the prognosis.

The potential role of circulating exosomes in protecting myocardial injury in acute myocardial infarction via regulating miR-190a-3p/CXCR4/CXCL12 pathway.

Exosomes of different origins have been found to be protective against ischemic-induced myocardial injury. This study examined the protective effects of circulating exosomes in the mice model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. The effects of exosomes on myocardial injury were assessed in the AMI mice model. The in vivo studies showed that circulating exosomes reduced the infarcted size, improved the morphology of heart tissues and also reduced apoptosis of the heart tissues. In addition, the model mice showed an increase in the CD34 + /VEGFR2 + cell population and CD31, CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression after exosomes treatment. MiR-190a-3p was significantly down-regulated in the exosomes derived from the culture medium of hypoxia-treated human cardiomyocytes (HCMs). Further analysis revealed that miR-190a-3p could physically interact with CXCR4/CXCL12 by targeting the respective 3'UTRs. These exosomes could up-regulated CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression in the EPCs; in addition, miR-190a-3p mimics repressed CXCR4/CXCL12 expression in EPCs, while its inhibitor had opposite effects. The in vitro functional assays showed that miR-190a-3p overexpression suppressed the cell viability, proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of EPCs; while miR-190a-3p inhibitor had the opposite effects; exosomes derived from the culture medium of hypoxia-treated HCMs exhibited similar actions of miR-190a-3p inhibitor. Moreover, miR-190a-3p was down-regulated in exosomes from serum in the AMI group when compared to that from sham group. Treatment with exosomes from serum in the AMI group promoted cell proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of EPCs when compared to that in the sham group. More importantly, IT1t attenuated the enhanced effects of miR-190a-3p inhibition on EPC proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation. In conclusion, circulating exosomes exerted protective effects on myocardial injury in the AMI mice model, and down-regulation of miR-190a-3p in the circulating exosomes may exert protective effects against myocardial injury. Hypoxia induced the downregulation of miR-190a-3p in the culture medium of HCMs, and the mechanistic investigations indicated that exosomes of hypoxia-conditioned HCM culture medium promoted the cell viability, proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of EPCs via regulating miR-190a-3p/CXCR4/CXCL12 pathway.

Association of the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio with stroke risk: Findings from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Studies on associations of apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio with stroke risk are scarce. We aimed to prospectively examine the associations of the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio and other lipid profiles with the risk of stroke using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 7318 participants without stroke at baseline in 2009 were included in the final analysis and followed for a median of 6.1 years. The serum lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), ApoA-I, and ApoB were measured at baseline. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between these parameters and stroke risk. The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio was positively associated with incident stroke, yielding adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.32 (95% CI: 1.09-1.59, P = 0.004). In comparison, ratio of ApoB and ApoA-I containing lipoproteins, the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio, possessed relatively weaker association with incident stroke (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01-1.52, P = 0.036). Furthermore, the risk associations for the ApoB/ApoA-I and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratios were prominent among those participants aged >51, body mass index ≤23, or female. There were no significant associations of other lipids and their ratios with the stroke risk. CONCLUSIONS: Higher ApoB/ApoA-I ratio was associated with an increased risk of stroke. Our findings suggest that the ApoB/ApoA-I ratio may serve as a better risk indicator of stroke than other lipid profiles and their ratios.

Giant renal schwannoma with obvious hemorrhage and cystic degeneration: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Renal schwannomas are very rare and are usually benign. Its clinical symptoms and imaging features are nonspecific, and the diagnosis is usually confirmed by pathology after surgical resection. CASE PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old Chinese female was admitted to the hospital with right flank pain that had persisted for the six months prior to admission. This pain had worsened for 10 days before admission, and dyspnea occurred when she was supine and agitated. A right abdominal mass could be palpated on physical examination. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations revealed a large, nonenhanced, cystic and solid mass in the right kidney. The patient received radical nephrectomy for the right kidney. The diagnosis of schwannoma was confirmed by pathological examination. CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of a large renal schwannoma with obvious hemorrhage and cystic degeneration, which can be used as a reference for further study.

Association between serum zinc concentrations and metabolic risk factors among Chinese children and adolescents.

The aim of the present study was to examine whether serum Zn concentrations were associated with metabolic risk factors in Chinese children and adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study including 3241 participants, aged 6 to 17 years, from Jiangsu, China. Metabolic risk factors included fasting glucose (FG), total cholesterol (TC), TAG, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Data were analysed using multi-variable linear regression and generalised additive models, which were adjusted for age, sex, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, BMI and region of residence, to assess the associations of serum Zn concentrations with metabolic risk factors. We observed a negative association between serum Zn concentrations and FG (coefficient = -0·532; 95 % CI -0·569, -0·495; P < 0·001). Moreover, TC (coefficient = 0·175; 95 % CI 0·127, 0·222; P < 0·001), HDL-cholesterol (coefficient = 0·137; 95 % CI 0·082, 0·193; P < 0·001) and LDL-cholesterol (coefficient = 0·195; 95 % CI 0·128, 0·263; P < 0·001) were found to be positively associated with Zn levels. A generalised additive model showed that the negative association between serum Zn and FG was weak at lower serum Zn concentrations and was stronger with the increase in serum Zn concentrations. Additionally, a U-shaped association between serum Zn and TAG was observed. Serum Zn concentrations were associated with FG, TC, TAG, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in Chinese children and adolescents. Lower levels of serum Zn were more likely related to a poor metabolic status.

Pseudomonas allokribbensis sp. nov. and Pseudomonas gozinkensis sp. nov., Two New Species Isolated from a Volcanic Island, Izu Oshima, Japan.

The genomes of two Pseudomonas strains, IzPS23T and IzPS32dT isolated from soil samples of Izu Oshima were compared to Pseudomonas type strains. Whole-genome sequence analysis revealed both belong to the Pseudomonas fluorescens lineage. The average nucleotide identity values of the whole-genome sequences of IzPS23T and IzPS32dT compared with other type strains showed high correlations with Pseudomonas kribbensis (93.1%) and Pseudomonas glycinae (93.5%), respectively. Genome-to-genome distances between the whole-genome sequences of IzPS23T and IzPS32dT showed correlations with Pseudomonas kribbensis (51.0%) and Pseudomonas glycinae (53.2%), respectively. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis indicated the two strains were novel species, and were named Pseudomonas allokribbensis (IzPS23T = CECT 9961T, = LMG 31525T) and Pseudomonas gozinkensis (IzPS32dT = CECT 9962T, = LMG 31526T), respectively.

Association of total pre-existing comorbidities with stroke risk: a large-scale community-based cohort study from China.

BACKGROUND: Comorbidities, any other coexisting diseases in patients with a particular index disease, are known to increase the mortality of a stroke. However, the association of pre-existing comorbidities with stroke risk has not been fully studied. METHODS: This study included 16,246 adults from a prospective community-based cohort with a baseline survey conducted in 2013 in China. Participants were followed up with hospitalization records and the Cause of Death Registry. The association of eight pre-existing comorbidities (coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, previous stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, nephropathy, and cancer) with stroke risk was analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model in 2020. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 5.5 years, a total of 449 participants (206 men and 243 women) developed a stroke. Four pre-existing comorbidities (hypertension, congenital heart disease, previous stroke, and diabetes) were independently and positively associated with the risk for all types of stroke. The adjusted hazard ratios for participants with only 1 and ≥ 2 pre-existing comorbidities compared with those without pre-existing conditions were 1.96 (95% CI: 1.44, 2.67; P < 0.001) and 2.87 (95% CI; 2.09, 3.94; P < 0.001) for total stroke, respectively. Moreover, male and female participants with a combination of increased age and a higher number of pre-existing comorbidities experienced the greatest risk of stroke. CONCLUSIONS: The number of pre-existing comorbidities was independently associated with an increased risk of stroke. There was a synergic effect between increased age and a higher number of pre-existing comorbidities on stroke occurrence. Our novel findings emphasize the importance and potential application of pre-existing comorbidities as a risk indicator in stroke prevention.

Dectin-1/Syk signaling triggers neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke in mice.

BACKGROUND: Dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (Dectin-1) receptor has been reported to be involved in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injury. The present study was designed to investigate the role of Dectin-1 and its downstream target spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in early brain injury after ischemic stroke using a focal cortex ischemic stroke model. METHODS: Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to a cerebral focal ischemia model of ischemic stroke. The neurological score, adhesive removal test, and foot-fault test were evaluated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after ischemic stroke. Dectin-1, Syk, phosphorylated (p)-Syk, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was analyzed via western blotting in ischemic brain tissue after ischemic stroke and in BV2 microglial cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury in vitro. The brain infarct volume and Iba1-positive cells were evaluated using Nissl's and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The Dectin-1 antagonist laminarin (LAM) and a selective inhibitor of Syk phosphorylation (piceatannol; PIC) were used for the intervention. RESULTS: Dectin-1, Syk, and p-Syk expression was significantly enhanced on days 3, 5, and 7 and peaked on day 3 after ischemic stroke. The Dectin-1 antagonist LAM or Syk inhibitor PIC decreased the number of Iba1-positive cells and TNF-α and iNOS expression, decreased the brain infarct volume, and improved neurological functions on day 3 after ischemic stroke. In addition, the in vitro data revealed that Dectin-1, Syk, and p-Syk expression was increased following the 3-h OGD and 0, 3, and 6 h of reperfusion in BV2 microglial cells. LAM and PIC also decreased TNF-α and iNOS expression 3 h after OGD/R induction. CONCLUSION: Dectin-1/Syk signaling plays a crucial role in inflammatory activation after ischemic stroke, and further investigation of Dectin-1/Syk signaling in stroke is warranted.