[Nursing practice of care to patients undergoing elective surgery in the immediate preoperative period]. / Prática do enfermeiro no cuidado ao paciente no pré-operatório imediato de cirurgia eletiva.

Research that aimed to analyze the care of nurses to patients, in the daily professional practice, provided in the preoperative period for patients undergoing elective surgery. It is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach that involved 15 nurses from Surgical Units and two nurses from the Surgical Centre of a hospital in the southern region of Brazil. Data was collected in semi-structured interviews conducted from April to July 2011. Data was analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) technique. The information obtained generated three CDS focused on the following ideas: administrative care, instruction in the preoperative period and surgical care in the immediate preoperative period. The results showed that caring consists mostly of giving instructions to the patient in the preoperative period. It is concluded that the care was directed to the physical aspects to the detriment of the psychological, in disagreement with the assistance methodology adopted in the hospital, supported by the Theory of Basic Human Needs.

[Evaluation of the welcoming strategies in the Intensive Care Unit]. / Avaliação das estratégias de acolhimento na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.

This qualitative study was performed at the adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a public hospital in Southern Brazil with the objective to evaluate the implemented welcoming strategies. Participants included 13 patients and 23 relatives. Data collection was performed from July to October 2008, utilizing semi-structured interviews. All interviews were recorded. Data analysis was performed using the Collective Subject Discourse. The collected information yielded two discourses: the family recognized the welcoming strategies and the patients found the ICU team to be considerate. By including the family as a client of nursing care, relatives felt safe and confident. Results show that by committing to the responsibility of making changes in heath care practices, nurses experience a novel outlook towards ICU care, focused on human beings and associating the welcoming to the health care model that promotes the objectivity of care.

[Family in the waiting room of an intensive care unit revealed feelings]. / Familiares na sala de espera de uma unidade de terapia intensiva: sentimentos revelados.

This is a qualitative study that aims to understand the feelings of relatives of patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The study was conducted in the ICU of a large general hospital in the western region of Santa Catarina. The data collection occurred in 2009 with a semi structured interview to eighteen families. For data treatment the collective subject discourse was used. Reports emerged of two items related to feelings: hospitalization in the ICU and while waiting to enter the unit. The analysis revealed feelings as pain, anguish, sadness, helplessness,fear, despair, anxiety and expectation infinite. It is hoped that these results may assist in the training of professionals, to host the family and its insertion in the ICU environment as an element to be integrated into nursing care, through actions welcoming, helping them to cope with hospitalization of a relative in a critical unit.

Medical device-related pressure injuries in critical patients: prevalence and associated factors.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of medical device-related pressure injuries in critical patients and analyze the associated factors. METHOD: Epidemiological, cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic, clinical and medical device data were collected. Inspection of the skin/mucous membranes was performed to identify and classify the injuries. Analysis using descriptive statistics, Poisson regression and the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients were evaluated and 58 developed injuries, with a prevalence of 62.4%. Injuries by the orotracheal tube (50%), nasogastric tube (44.1%) and urinary catheter (28.6%) were the most prevalent, and the most affected regions were, respectively, the auricular (79.5%), nasal ala (86.7%) and urethral meatus (76.9%). Factors associated with injuries were severe edema (p = 0.005), low Braden (p<0.001) and Glasgow (p = 0.008) scores, length of stay in intensive care (p<0.001) and hospitalization diagnosis classified as other causes (p<0.001). The use of more than one device (p<0.001) and a longer time of use (p<0.001) were correlated. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of injuries and the associated factors indicate the need for preventive measures and risk monitoring.

Medical device-related pressure injuries in critical patients: prevalence and associated factors / Lesiones por presión relacionadas con dispositivos médicos en pacientes críticos: prevalencia y factores asociados / Lesões por pressão relacionadas a dispositivos médicos em pacientes críticos: prevalência e fatores associados

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of medical device-related pressure injuries in critical patients and analyze the associated factors. Method: Epidemiological, cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic, clinical and medical device data were collected. Inspection of the skin/mucous membranes was performed to identify and classify the injuries. Analysis using descriptive statistics, Poisson regression and the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: Ninety-three patients were evaluated and 58 developed injuries, with a prevalence of 62.4%. Injuries by the orotracheal tube (50%), nasogastric tube (44.1%) and urinary catheter (28.6%) were the most prevalent, and the most affected regions were, respectively, the auricular (79.5%), nasal ala (86.7%) and urethral meatus (76.9%). Factors associated with injuries were severe edema (p = 0.005), low Braden (p<0.001) and Glasgow (p = 0.008) scores, length of stay in intensive care (p<0.001) and hospitalization diagnosis classified as other causes (p<0.001). The use of more than one device (p<0.001) and a longer time of use (p<0.001) were correlated. Conclusion: The high prevalence of injuries and the associated factors indicate the need for preventive measures and risk monitoring.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de lesiones por presión relacionadas con dispositivos médicos en pacientes críticos y analizar los factores asociados. Método: Estudio epidemiológico, transversal. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y de dispositivos médicos. Se realizó una inspección de la piel/membranas mucosas para identificar y clasificar las lesiones. Análisis mediante estadística descriptiva, regresión de Poisson y coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Se evaluaron 93 pacientes y 58 desarrollaron lesiones, con una prevalencia del 62.4%. Las lesiones por sonda orotraqueal (50%), sonda nasogástrica (44.1%) y sonda vesical (28.6%) fueron las más prevalentes, y las regiones más afectadas fueron, respectivamente, la auricular (79.5%), el ala de la nariz (86.7%) y el meato uretral (76.9%). Los factores asociados a las lesiones fueron edema severo (p = 0.005), puntuaciones bajas de Braden (p < 0,001) y Glasgow (p = 0.008), tiempo de estancia en cuidados intensivos (p < 0.001) y diagnóstico de hospitalización clasificado como otras causas (p < 0.001). Se correlacionó el uso de más de un dispositivo (p < 0.001) con un mayor tiempo de uso (p < 0.001). Conclusión: La alta prevalencia de lesiones y los factores asociados indican la necesidad de medidas preventivas y monitoreo de riesgos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência das lesões por pressão relacionadas a dispositivos médicos em pacientes críticos e analisar fatores associados. Método: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal. Dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e dos dispositivos médicos foram coletados. Realizou-se inspeção da pele/mucosas para identificação e classificação das lesões. Análise mediante estatística descritiva, regressão de Poisson e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Foram avaliados 93 pacientes e 58 desenvolveram lesões, com prevalência de 62.4%. Lesões pelo tubo orotraqueal (50%), cateter nasogástrico (44.1%) e vesical (28.6%) foram as mais prevalentes, e as regiões mais afetadas foram, respectivamente: auricular (79.5%), asa do nariz (86.7%) e meato uretral (76.9%). Fatores associados às lesões: edema acentuado (p = 0.005), baixo escore de Braden (p < 0.001) e de Glasgow (p = 0.008), tempo de internação em terapia intensiva (p < 0.001) e diagnóstico de internação classificado como outras causas (p < 0.001). Correlacionou-se o uso de mais de um dispositivo (p < 0.001) e maior tempo de utilização destes (p < 0.001). Conclusão: A elevada prevalência de lesões e os fatores associados indicam a necessidade de medidas preventivas e da monitorização de risco.

[Nursing care at the intensive care unit (ICU): going beyond objectivity]. / O cuidado de enfermagem na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI): teoria humanística de Paterson e Zderad.

Nowadays, nursing is sustained by different paradigms, among which we highlight those related to totality and simultaneity, since these embody the main conceptual models and specific theories for nursing practice. This study aims to provide elements that will lead to reflections about the possibility of founding health practices at ICUs on the Humanistic Theory of Paterson and Zderad, which is part of the simultaneity paradigm. This theory supports dialogue-based care, which is translated as the genuine encounter between and among caregivers, patients and their families. Thus, ICU care will go beyond the I-that relation, to achieve the I-you relation, that is, the subjectiveness of human beings.

[Intervention in situations of psychic crisis: challenges and suggestions of a prehospital care staff]. / Intervenção nas situações de crise psíquica: dificuldades e sugestões de uma equipe de atenção pré-hospitalar.

A qualitative and descriptive research, aimed at knowing how the pre-hospital care professionals perceive the interventions towards people in mental crisis. The study was developed in Santa Catarina with four teams of basic life support units of the Department of Mobile Emergency Care, during April to June 2011. The Collective Subject Discourse was used as the method of analysis. Two themes emerged: Awareness of the difficulties in meeting a person in mental crisis and Suggestions in the search for a closer attention to the person in mental crisis. The difficulties mentioned were related to the lack of training and a local to forward the patients, suggesting a better training and systematization of care. We conclude that it is necessary to invest in the educational process, based on new care strategies guided by the principles of SUS and of the psychosocial paradigm, and revisit the strategy of protocols as guidelines and not as standardizing systems.

[Protocol of nursing care to traumatized patients in the aerospace environment: care before flight]. / Protocolo de cuidados de enfermagem no ambiente aeroespacial a pacientes traumatizados: cuidados antes do voo.

The study aimed to present a protocol for nursing care in pre aerospace removing of adult victims of trauma. A qualitative convergent care research was performed at the Division of Air Operations in the municipality of San Jose-SC, Brazil, from April to June 2010. The study was based on the principles of the Pre-hospital Trauma Life Support. Individual interviews and group meetings were used. Eight nurses participated in the service. The proposed protocol includes safety boarding, disembarking, assessment of the scene, primary assessment, secondary assessment and stabilization of the patient. The protocol will provide a safer nursing practice care to patients aero removed.