RESUMEN
The structure and function of the intestinal epithelium is briefly described, with the principal mechanisms involved in diarrhea. Human enteric viruses and probiotics are presented. We then review how probiotic bacteria could interfere with virus-induced pathology, we present our own view and describe specific interactions that would be valuable targets for future studies.
Asunto(s)
Diarrea/prevención & control , Diarrea/terapia , Lactobacillus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Virosis/prevención & control , Virosis/terapia , Preescolar , Diarrea/virología , Células HT29 , Humanos , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/virología , Lactobacillus/clasificación , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Rotavirus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Rotavirus/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Rotavirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por Rotavirus/terapia , Infecciones por Rotavirus/virología , Virosis/virología , Virus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Virus/patogenicidadRESUMEN
We compared immunomodulatory properties of 11 strains of lactic acid bacteria as well as their capacity to enhance sublingual immunotherapy efficacy in a murine asthma model. Two types of bacterial strains were identified, including: (i) potent inducers of IL-12p70 and IL-10 in dendritic cells, supporting IFN-gamma and IL-10 production in CD4+ T cells such as Lactobacillus helveticus; (ii) pure Th1 inducers such as L. casei. Sublingual administration in ovalbumin-sensitized mice of L. helveticus, but not L. casei, reduced airways hyperresponsiveness, bronchial inflammation and proliferation of specific T cells in cervical lymph nodes. Thus, probiotics acting as a Th1/possibly Treg, but not Th1 adjuvant, potentiate tolerance induction via the sublingual route.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Asma/prevención & control , Lactobacillus/inmunología , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Vacunas/administración & dosificación , Vacunas/inmunología , Administración Sublingual , Alérgenos/inmunología , Animales , Asma/inmunología , Femenino , Tolerancia Inmunológica , Ganglios Linfáticos/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ovalbúmina/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunologíaRESUMEN
We applied two methods of broth microdilution and Etest for measuring minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria for 15 antimicrobial agents to compare the feasibility, reproducibility, and equivalence of the two methods. Both methods were originally described by the European projects PROSAFE and ACE-ART. In 84% combinations of strains and antimicrobial agents MIC differences between the two methods were within one Log(2) dilution. In the case of rifampicin the difference between the two methods was more than ten-fold. We further determined MICs of 70 strains (14 strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, 16 strains of Lactococcus lactis, 30 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus, and 10 strains of Bifidobacterium longum) by the broth microdilution method. In most cases, MIC distributions were uni-modal and within 5 Log(2) dilutions except for the MIC distribution of L. lactis to the aminoglycoside group which was broader. These data are a good basis for improving knowledge of antimicrobial susceptibility of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, and can be used to revise tentative epidemiological cut-off values.