Antiperistaltic Transverse Coloplasty: A Salvage Procedure in Extensive Bowel and Colorectal Resections to Avoid Intestinal Failure.

INTRODUCTION: After extensive small and colon resections, quality of life can be affected. We propose the antiperistaltic transverse coloplasty as a solution that allows for preservation of the transverse colon after both right and left colectomies while achieving a tension-free colorectal anastomosis slowing the transit and increasing the absorption time, resulting in better stool consistency and quality of life compared with an ileorectal anastomosis. METHODS: This technique was performed in a 41-year-old woman with Goblet cell adenocarcinoma of the appendix with peritoneal metastasis. The transverse colon is rotated anticlockwise over the axis of the middle colic vessels toward the left parietocolic flank and relocated to the usual position of the descending colon. RESULTS: After 1 year of follow-up, the patient led a normal life without parenteral nutrition with five bowel movements per day and a weight gain of 15%. CONCLUSIONS: The use of an antiperistaltic transverse coloplasty may be worthwhile to perform in cases of extensive bowel resections during cytoreductive surgery leading to short-bowel syndrome to avoid a permanent stoma or intestinal failure and improve patient outcomes.

The transverse coloplasty pouch is technically easy and safe and improves functional outcomes after low rectal cancer resection-a single center experience with 397 patients.

BACKGROUND: Following resection for low rectal cancer, numerous patients suffer from frequent bowel movements, fecal urgency, and incontinence. Although there is good evidence that colonic J-pouch reconstruction, side-to-end anastomosis, or a transverse coloplasty pouch (TCP) improves functional outcome, many surgeons still prefer straight coloanal anastomosis because it is technically easier and lacks the risk of pouch-associated complications. The present single-center study aimed to evaluate the practicability of TCPs in routine clinical practice as well as pouch-related complications. METHOD: All consecutive patients who underwent low anterior rectal resection with restoration of bowel continuity for cancer during the period September 2008 to June 2018 were included. A TCP in combination with a diverting ileostomy was defined as the hospital standard. The feasibility and safety of TCPs were assessed in a retrospective single-center study. RESULTS: A total of 397 patients were included in the study. A total of 328/397 patients underwent TCP construction (82.6%). Two pouch-related surgical complications occurred (0.6%); one case of pouch-related stenosis and one case of sutural insufficiency. Overall, leakage of the coloanal anastomosis was reported in 14.1% of patients with a TCP and in 18.8% of patients without a pouch (p=0.252). Diverting ileostomy was applied in 378/397 patients (95.2%). The 30-day mortality was 0.25%. CONCLUSION: The present study is by far the largest single-center experience with TCP construction for low rectal cancer resection. The study shows that a TCP is technically applicable in the vast majority of cases (82.6%). Pouch-associated surgical complications are sporadic events. In our opinion, the TCP can be considered an alternative to J-pouch construction after low anterior rectal resection.

Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Findings in Congenital Pouch Colon: A Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of literature on the histopathological aspects of congenital pouch colon (CPC) and immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment has not been reported. So we planned to study the histopathological and IHC findings within the spectrum of CPC and compare the findings with the normal colon. METHODS: This is a descriptive prospective study on CPC patients. There were 49 cases of CPC (42 males and 7 females) and 13 controls. Histological examination was done using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome stain. IHC analysis was done with actin, myosin, and desmin antibodies, and neuron-specific enolase and S100 markers for counting ganglionic cells. RESULTS: Histologically, congestion, edema and hemorrhage were seen in mucosa, submucosa, and serosa. Muscle layers were disrupted and divided into bands. An additional muscle coat inside of the muscularis propria was seen in CPC types 1 and 2. Mature ganglionic cells were reduced and muscle layers showed reduced and patchy positivity for smooth muscle actin, myosin, and desmin compared to a normal colon. CONCLUSIONS: Histopathological and IHC findings suggest that CPC has distinct defects in the neuromusculature.

Type V Congenital Pouch Colon: An Extremely Rare Variant of Anorectal Malformations.

Type V is the rarest form of congenital pouch colon with only four cases reported till date. We report this anomaly in a 6-month-old boy. He was managed successfully with excision of distal pouch and coloplasty of proximal pouch along with abdominoperineal posterior sagittal anorectoplasty. We recommend preservation of proximal pouch in such cases.

Congenital Pouch Colon.

Congenital pouch colon (CPC) is an unusual abnormality in which a pouch-like dilatation of a shortened colon is associated with an anorectal malformation. It is categorized into four subtypes (Types I-IV) based on the length of normal colon proximal to the colonic pouch. In males, the pouch usually terminates in a colovesical fistula just proximal to the bladder neck. In girls, the terminal fistula opens either into the urethra or in the vestibule, close to the urethral opening. Girls usually have a double vagina with a wide inter-vaginal bridge, a monocornuate uterus on each side, and urinary incontinence due to a widely open bladder neck. Associated major malformations are uncommon with CPC but sometimes, especially in reports from outside India, major abnormalities are present suggesting an early, severe error in embryogenesis. The more severe Types I/II CPC can usually be diagnosed by a large gas shadow or air-fluid level on X-Ray abdomen. For all subtypes of CPC, it is preferable to preserve a segment of the pouch by fashioning a narrow colonic tube for pull-through, the technique known as coloplasty or tubular colorraphy. Girls need additional management of the genitourinary abnormalities. Postoperatively, fecal continence levels are usually poor, especially with Types I/II CPC.

Textbook anastomotic success in patients with low rectal cancer treated by intersphincteric resection: reappraising surgical, oncological, and functional outcomes.

Previous studies on successful anastomosis after intersphincteric resection (ISR) for low rectal cancer (LRC) primarily focused on anastomotic complications rather than functional outcomes. Here, we improved the anastomotic success criteria by considering surgical, oncological, and functional outcomes and proposed a new composite outcome, "textbook anastomotic success" (TASS). This retrospective single-center study included patients with LRC treated with ISR from January 2014 to April 2020. TASS was defined as (1) no anastomotic complications occurring after ISR; (2) ileostomy was closed and there was no severe intestinal dysfunction 2 years after ISR; and (3) no local recurrence within 2 years of surgery. TASS was achieved upon meeting all indicators. We analyzed 259 patients with LRC, with 125 (48.3%) achieving TASS. Multivariate analysis showed that male sex (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.27-0.81; p = 0.007), hypertension (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.24-0.97; p = 0.041), ASA score ≥ 3 (OR 0.28; 95% CI 0.10-0.81; p = 0.018), pre-treatment major low anterior resection syndrome (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.15-0.94; p = 0.037), and preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.22-0.77; p = 0.006) were independent risk factors for not achieving TASS. Conversely, transverse coloplasty pouch (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.07-4.25; p = 0.032) and higher anastomosis level (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.05-2.30; p = 0.026) were independent protective factors for achieving TASS. The nomogram constructed to evaluate the probability of achieving TASS demonstrated good accuracy in the dataset (area under curve, 0.737). TASS provides a comprehensive quality assessment for ISR in patients with LRC. The nomogram predicting TASS may assist surgeons in decision-making for managing LRC.

Antenatal diagnosis of congenital pouch colon: a case report from the Indian subcontinent with insights into management.

Congenital pouch colon (CPC) is highly uncommon congenital anorectal malformation where a distended pouch-like structure replaces either some part of the colon or the entire colon and communicates to the genitourinary tract through a fistula. Diagnosis of CPC is usually made after birth when neonate/infant presents with abdominal distension and absence of anal opening. Making antenatal diagnosis of CPC is difficult because of the lack of specific and verifiable signs on sonography. Hence, only a few cases of antenatal diagnosis of CPC have been reported.1,2 In our case, CPC was suspected on a routine antenatal growth scan ultrasound in the late third trimester, showing a hypoechoic tubular-shaped lesion in the pre-sacral region. With this suspicion, we suggested an institutional delivery at a tertiary level centre, and diagnosis of type III CPC was confirmed on post-delivery imaging and emergency primary surgery, done on the day 3 of life (pouch resection, division of fistula, and protective colostomy). The child also underwent further corrective surgeries in a staged manner in second year of life and recovered completely. Beforehand diagnosis prevented any unnecessary delay in operative care, reduced postoperative complications, and improved the overall outcome of this otherwise complex condition.

Small intestinal submucosa as a graft to increase rectum diameter.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of our study was to assess the biocompatibility of the porcine small bowel submucosa and its ability to increase the rectal diameter compared with a formal transverse coloplasty. METHODS: We assigned 36 New Zealand male rabbits to four experimental groups: groups C1 and C2 were treated with transverse coloplasty and groups S1 and S2 were treated with a patch of a porcine small intestine submucosa. We killed the animals in the C1 and S1 groups on the 7th postoperative day, and the animals in the C2 and S2 groups on the 30th postoperative day. We evaluated outcomes on the basis of animal survival, clinical course, anastomosis bursting pressures, morphometric examination, and histologic and immunohistochemical assessment. RESULTS: Morphometric examination showed a significant increase in colonic diameter in animals in the S2 group. We found no statistical difference regarding anastomosis bursting pressure between the C1 and S1 groups, and the C2 and S2 groups. On the 30th postoperative day, histologic examination showed total epithelium coverage of the grafts, and the immunohistochemical study showed an organized smooth muscular layer covering the graft. The higher concentration of collagen ticker fiber, type I, was seen in the S2 and C2 groups, but there was no statistical difference between them. CONCLUSIONS: The implanted graft proved superior to transverse coloplasty regarding the increase in distal colon diameter. Remarkable regeneration, marked fibroplasia, and epithelium coverage occurred throughout the graft on the 30th postoperative day.

Transverse Coloplasty Pouch versus Straight Coloanal Anastomosis Following Intersphincteric Resection for Low Rectal Cancer: the Functional Benefits May Emerge After Two Years.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the oncological and functional outcomes following intersphincteric resection (ISR) with transverse coloplasty pouch (TCP) or straight coloanal anastomosis (SCAA) for low rectal cancer. METHODS: A single-center retrospective analysis was performed on patients with low rectal cancer who received ISR between January 2016 and June 2021. The primary endpoint was to compare the outcomes of bowel function within 1 year, 1 to 2 years, and 2 years after ileostomy closure in patients undergoing two different bowel reconstruction procedures (TCP or SCAA). The postoperative complications and oncological results were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 235 patients were enrolled in this study (SCAA group: 166; TCP group: 69). There was no significant difference in complications, including grades A-C anastomotic leakage (9.6% vs 15.9%), 3-year local recurrence rates (6.1% vs 3.9%), disease-free survival (82.4%vs 83.8%), or overall survival (94.1% vs 94.7%) between the two groups. Two years after ileostomy closure, 52.7% of patients in the SCAA group were assessed as having major low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), which was significantly higher than the 25.9% of patients in the TCP group (P = 0.014), but no difference was found prior to 2 years. Similar differences were seen in Wexner scores 2 years after surgery (P = 0.032). Additionally, TCP was an independent protective factor for postoperative bowel function as measured by both the LARS (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.10-0.82; p = 0.020) and Wexner scoring (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.09-0.84; p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that TCP is a safe technique that may decrease bowel dysfunction after ISR for low rectal cancer compared with SCAA 2 years after ileostomy closure.

Congenital pouch colon: Case report and literature review.

Background: congenital pouch colon (CPC) is an extremely rare Congenital gastrointestinal pathology, in which the normal colon is either partially or completely replaced by a pouch-like dilatation communicating with the urogenital tract through a fistula. That's divided into 2 types: Complete CPC and Incomplete CPC. Worldwide and middle east Arabian ethnicity except for Indians, show high scarcity regarding the incidence. Herein, we report a case of incomplete congenital pouch colon syndrome with glandular hypospadias and cardiac anomalies that are considered to be the 2nd documented case in the middle east and the first in Westbank. Case presentation: A 1-day-old newborn boy with prenatal history of abdominal cyst in 2nd trimester US, presented hours after birth with abdominal distention (Fig- 1), in addition to the imperforate anus. The abdominal x-ray showed many dilated bowel loops and gasless soft tissue density with calcifications on the right side (Fig- 2). Exploratory laparotomy was done and showed a pouch-like colon that later on was treated via 2 stages of operation. Clinical discussion: early identification of CPC and differentiation from colon dilatation due to anorectal malformation is essential for the patient's welfare. CPC is more common in males, usually noticed in the neonatal period with abdominal distention, absence of anus, and intestinal obstruction. CPC is managed surgically depending on its type. Conclusion: congenital pouch colon is a rare but important differential diagnosis of abdominal distention, which should always be at the back of the surgeon's mind especially when anorectal malformation is present.

Congenital pouch colon: Our experience with coloplasty.

BACKGROUND: Congenital pouch colon (CPC) or congenital short colon is an entity found mainly in Indian subcontinent. In CPC, colon is replaced with partially or completely abnormal pouch connected to the genitourinary tract by a fistula (colovesical). Management protocol is different in different institute. In this article, we are sharing our three stage standard management approach; principle and technique of coloplasty in cases in which colon length is not adequate for pull through and their follow-up. This study aims to show the result of coloplasty in complete CPC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is retrospective observational study, of 5 years duration. The medical record of these patients was reviewed for demographic information, clinical features, investigations performed, operative notes, post-operative events and the outcome of surgery. RESULTS: Total of 626 ARM cases were managed in 5 years duration in which 64 were of pouch colon. The age of presentation was 1-15 days. In fifty patients who completed their, all stage in that 34 patients were in which coloplasty were done in rest of 16 cases excision of CPC and colonic pull through done in view of adequate colonic length (type III and IV) for pull through. In 34 patient in which coloplasty were done showed satisfactory cosmetic and functional out came after stoma closer in follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Properly created coloplasty and three stage procedure for complete pouch colon give better result and less complications. Excision of pouch is not requiring in all cases of CPC.

Peculiarities of intra-thoracic colon interposition-eso-coloplasty: indications, surgical management and outcomes.

Stomach is the usual organ of choice for oesophageal replacement. Gastric pull-up is a standardized, fast and secure procedure, requiring only one anastomosis and usually performed with mini-invasive techniques. Colon is used when the stomach is not available, for tumours of the upper oesophagus or the hypopharynx, for benign or paediatric diseases. It is a complex surgery requiring a specific pre-operative management, three or four anastomoses, and a careful choice of the route of reconstruction. Early post-operative complications, such as anastomotic leakage, are frequent. Long-term outcomes are marked by strictures of the anastomosis and redundancy, but the reported quality of life of the patients is good. Eso-coloplasty remains a safe and feasible alternative to gastric pull-up for oesophageal replacement, for specific indications.

Complete laparoscopic total mesorectal excision with an intersphincteric resection and coloplasty pouch anal anastomosis for lower rectal cancer.

This pilot study aimed to develop a new technique, complete laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) with an intersphincteric resection (ISR) and coloplasty pouch anal anastomosis to avoid any further abdominal incision other than laparoscopic port sites, and to assess the impact on short-quality of life and oncological outcomes of this technique. After laparoscopic TME, large bowel was dissected at the level of the promontory. Then, laparoscopic construction of the coloplasty pouch was performed. Simultaneously, a rectal specimen with ISR was excised using the transanal approach. Coloplasty pouch was gently pulled from pelvic thorough anal and a hand-sewn coloplasty pouch anal anastomosis was created. We had performed 8 surgeries using the new technique. Though one patient developed pelvic infections, but intestinal continuity could be maintained and no local and distant recurrence was recognized in other patients. We foresee this novel approach to have significant clinical potential for lower rectal cancer patients with ISR.

Foreign bodies and caustic lesions.

Foreign body ingestions, food bolus impactions, and caustic agent injuries are frequent but specific situations. Although most foreign bodies will naturally pass through the digestive tract, practitioners should recognize specific situations were endoscopic management is required. In such cases, timing and adequate equipment are critical. Endoscopic treatment is successful in about 95% of patients. Severe complications (including oesophageal perforations) are rare. Underlying diseases (including eosinophilic oesophagitis) must be investigated after food bolus impaction. Accidental or suicidal ingestion of corrosive agents may result in severe upper gastrointestinal tract injuries requiring a multidisciplinary approach including gastroenterologists, surgeons, otorhynolaryngologists, anaesthesiologists and psychiatrists. Treatment includes conservative management of patients with mild injuries, while patients with severe injuries undergo emergency surgical exploration. At distance of the ingestion episode, oesophageal reconstruction is required in patients who underwent oesophageal resection and in patients who developed oesophageal strictures that failed dilatation.

Coloplastia vaginal, una opción en el tratamiento de la fístula rectovaginal grande / Vaginal coloplasty, an option in the treatment of large rectovaginal fistula

Objetivo: Presentar un tratamiento alternativo para una fistula recto vaginal grande producida por la radiación en una mujer joven tratada por cáncer de cuello uterino, basado en las sigmoideoplastias vaginales en pacientes con agenesia de vagina. Paciente y método: Paciente de sexo Femenino de 36 años que el año 2010 concurre al consultorio de proctología por presentar proctorragia asociada a la defecación de dos semanas de evolución. Antecedentes de conización en el año 2008 por carcinoma epidermoide de cuello uterino y en 2009 irradiada con braquiterapia y radioterapia por presentar recidiva en vagina de cáncer de cuello uterino. Se decide la internación y al día siguiente es llevada a quirófano donde se observa a nivel de recto inferior y medio, fístula con tercio medio e inferior de vagina de unos 4 a 5 cm de diámetro. Dada las características de la misma, el grado de incontinencia de la paciente, su retracción inmediata de sus actividades laborales y sociales, se le plantea la posibilidad de desfuncionalizarla resecado el recto medio e inferior, completar la cirugía oncológica de su cáncer y en un segundo acto reconstruir tanto el tránsito intestinal como su vagina con un segmento vascularizado de colon. Discusión: Existen varias formas de clasificar una fistula rectovaginal, en base a su ubicación, según su diámetro, por último se pueden clasificar según su complejidad en simples y complejas. Dentro de los tratamientos hallamos los perineales, rectales o vaginales, indicados en las fistulas bajas o medias y los abdominales en las fistulas altas. Existen algunas que no responde a los tratamientos habituales o que desde un principio no se pueden tratar por las técnicas habituales, llevando en contadas ocasiones a tratamientos más agresivos como la desfuncionalización, colgajos miocutáneos o la técnica de Simonsen.

Purpose: to present an alternative treatment for rectovaginal fistula secondary to radiation in a young female patient treated for cervical cancer, based on a vaginal sigmoideoplasty. Patient and Method: 36 years old female patient with a 2-week history of rectal bleeding. Personal history of conization in 2008 for cervical squamous carcinoma and postoperative treatment in 2009 with brachytherapy and radiaton therapy for local cancer recurrence. On surgical perineal exploration a recto-vaginal defect of 4-5 cm was identified in the middle-lower vagina. Proctectomy was performed based in surgical principles. During reconstructive surgery the vagina was replaced with a colonic segment. Results: there are several ways to classify a rectovaginal fistula, based on location, diameter and according to their complexity into simple and complex. Rectal, perineal and vaginal approaches have been described. In some cases, more aggressive techniques could be performed such as myocutaneous flaps and Simonsen technique.

Ressecção anterior ultrabaixa e interesfinctérica do reto com anastomose coloanal por videolaparoscopia / Laparoscopic very low anterior resection with coloanal anastomosis and intersphincteric resection

O autor apresenta, detalhadamente, a técnica de ressecção anterior ultrabaixa e interesfinctérica com anastomose coloanal por videolaparoscopia para tratamento do câncer do reto distal. São descritos os principais passos da operação: 1 - Posição do Paciente; 2 - Posicionamento do Equipamento e Equipe; 3 - Posicionamento dos Trocartes e Exploração da Cavidade Abdominal; 4 - Exposição do Campo Operatório; 5 - Ligadura dos Vasos Mesentéricos Inferiores pelo acesso medial; 6 - Mobilização do Ângulo Esplênico e do Colon Sigmóide; 7 - Excisão total do mesorreto, preservação dos nervos pélvicos e mobilização do reto pela técnica de Rullier; 8- Secção do reto distal e anastomose coloanal;9-Ressecção interesfinctérica (RI) e anastomose coloanal com coloplastia transversa, bolsa colónica em J ou anastomose latero-terminal. A utilização desta técnica, apesar de ser um procedimento complexo, mostrou-se viável e segura, pois apresentou baixo índice de complicação pós-operatória e mortalidade.

The author present the laparoscopic coloanal anastomosis and intersphincteric resection technique to treat patients with very low rectal cancer. The operative steps are: 1 - Patient positioning; 2 - Instruments and equip positioning; 3 - Insertion of the ports; 4 - Preparation of the operative field; 5 - Difining and dividing the inferior mesenteric artery and vein by the medial approach; 6 - Mobilization of splenic flexure and sigmoid colon; 7 - rectal mobilization and total mesorectum excision by Rullier technique; 8 - Rectal division and coloanal anastomosis; 9 - intersphincteric resection and coloanal anastomosis by coloplasty, J pouch or latero-to-end techniques. The technique employed is safe and have presented low rate of complication and no mortality.