[Quality of life after a social-physical activity community intervention in elderly people with social risk. Clinical trial]. / Calidad de vida tras una intervención comunitaria sociomotriz en mayores con riesgo social. Ensayo clínico.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a social-physical activity program to improve the health-related quality of life of patients over 65years old with social risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Community; primary care and public schools. SUBJECTS: patients over 65years old with social risk, who went to the health center during the study period and met the inclusion criteria, n=102. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were randomized into two groups. The intervention group conducted two weekly sessions of 1hour of physical exercise, for 4months; monthly sessions on healthy habits and three days of social activities. The control group received the usual advice. Quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire; previously and at the end of the program. RESULTS: The study was completed by 80 subjects (mean age 71.5±5 years; 91.3% women). Baseline, there were no significant differences between groups, and their standardized physical and mental summary components of the SF-36 were below the population reference values (P<.01). After the program, the intervention group improved significantly, compared to the control group, in the 8 scales of the SF-36 and in the summary components, with a greater increase of 4points (P<.01) in the physical component, and 10 points in the mental component (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The community program of social-physical activity intervention improves the health-related quality of life in older people at social risk.

[Functional physical condition after a multi-component community intervention of active aging: Pragmatic clinical trial]. / Condición física funcional tras una intervención comunitaria multicomponente de envejecimiento activo. Ensayo clínico pragmático.

OBJECTIVE: The objective is to assess the effectiveness of a multicomponent program of active aging in the improvement of the functional physical condition of patients older than 65years old with social risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pragmatic clinical trial non-blinded. SETTING: Community activity; primary care and public education center. PARTICIPANTS: Patients older than 65years and diagnosed with social risk. The patients who attended at the health center and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected consecutively (n=102). INTERVENTIONS: The patients were randomized into the intervention group or to the control group. The intervention included two weekly sessions of 1h of exercise during 4months, monthly health education sessions, and three days of social activities. The control group received the regular tips. The physical conditions were evaluated before and at the end the study. RESULTS: Eighty of the patients completed the study. Their middle age was 71.5±5 years old, and 91.3% of them were women. There was no significant differences between both groups. After the intervention, all the test for physical qualities improved in the intervention group; in the 6-minutes walk test the patients improved their mark in a 98% from the baseline marks, with an average increase of 65±35m. Flexibility improved in the 60% of the patients (95%CI: 50-70); strength increased an 84% (95%CI: 76-92), and dynamic balance increased a 79% (95%CI: 70-88). In control group improve some test marks but it had no statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The socio-motor intervention program coordinated between health services and educational centers improves the functional physical condition of the elderly with social risk.

Effects of physical exercise in sarcopenia. A systematic review. / Efectos del ejercicio físico en el anciano con sarcopenia. Una revisión sistemática.

From the third decade of life and due to multiple causes, muscle mass and strength are gradually lost, which affects the function of the musculoskeletal system. This combined loss of muscle mass and strength with aging is called sarcopenia, and is associated with greater morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Early treatment is therefore essential, and physical exercise is the therapeutic approach that has given the best results. This literature review intended to analyze the effect of physical exercise, excluding the role that other treatments proposed, including the nutritional approach, could play in the treatment of sarcopenia, refers to 12 articles. In studies including high intensity strength exercises in isolation, either alone or combined with aerobic exercise, improvements were seen in muscle mass, muscle strength, and functional test times. There is also a significant increase in fat-free mass in individuals who exercised more frequently (more than two sessions per week). Current evidence shows that strength-resistance training and its combination in multimodal programs with aerobic exercise show significantly beneficial effects on anthropometric and muscle function parameters. Programs of prescribed exercises including strength exercises adequate to the characteristics should therefore be adapted to the characteristics of each individual and replace the usual practice of prescribing aerobic exercises (walking) only.

Effects of physical exercise in sarcopenia. A systematic review.

From the third decade of life and due to multiple causes, muscle mass and strength are gradually lost, which affects the function of the musculoskeletal system. This combined loss of muscle mass and strength with aging is called sarcopenia, and is associated with greater morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Early treatment is therefore essential, and physical exercise is the therapeutic approach that has given the best results. This literature review intended to analyze the effect of physical exercise, excluding the role that other treatments proposed, including the nutritional approach, could play in the treatment of sarcopenia, refers to 12 articles. In studies including high intensity strength exercises in isolation, either alone or combined with aerobic exercise, improvements were seen in muscle mass, muscle strength, and functional test times. There is also a significant increase in fat-free mass in individuals who exercised more frequently (more than two sessions per week). Current evidence shows that strength-resistance training and its combination in multimodal programs with aerobic exercise show significantly beneficial effects on anthropometric and muscle function parameters. Programs of prescribed exercises including strength exercises adequate to the characteristics should therefore be adapted to the characteristics of each individual and replace the usual practice of prescribing aerobic exercises (walking) only.

[Physical exercise impact on variables related to emotional and functional well-being in older adults]. / Impacto del ejercicio físico en variables relacionadas con el bienestar emocional y funcional en adultos mayores.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The benefits of the physical exercise in aging, and specially in frailty, have been associated with reduced risk of mortality, chronic disease, and cognitive and functional impairments. Multi-component training, which combines strength, endurance, balance, and gait training, represents the most beneficial kind of physical exercise in older adults. METHODS: Given the effectiveness of the multi-component training, a physical exercise program «Actívate¼ (based on the methodology Vivifrail), with the focus on «active aging¼, was conducted in the present study. Forty-nine older adults over 60 years participated in this program. RESULTS: The physical exercise intervention led to a reduction in diastolic blood pressure, pain threshold and sleep disturbances (e. g. hypersomnia) (t ≥ 2.72, p < 0.01), as well as an increase of walking speed (t = 7.84, p ≤ 0.001). Further, quality of life factors (GENCAT scale), like emotional well-being, personal development, physical well-being, self-determination, and social inclusion, were greater after intervention (t ≥ -2.06, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings underline the benefits of multi-component training in functionality of older adults, and further, provide relevant aspects about the modulation of pain perception, sleep disturbances, social factors and physical and emotional well-being. Physical exercise programs such as «Actívate¼ should be promoted, in order to encourage healthy lifestyle habits, in the older adults' population.

[Being an active citizen and the elderly: Old concepts, new approaches. A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis]. / Ciudadanía activa y personas mayores: viejos conceptos, nuevos abordajes. Una revisión sistemática y metasíntesis cualitativa.

The politics of active ageing present active citizenship of the elderly as a key challenge for the coming years. Active citizenship has been defined in different ways (as complimentary in most cases), outlining an eclecticism of participatory activities that includes political engagement in a participatory and deliberative manner, as well as community and voluntary action. This term is found in different contexts such as formal politics, work, civil society, and the home. This paper, based on a systematic review, identifies the context in which this concept emerges in relation to older people and people with dementia. It also analyses the different expressions of active citizenship used, and provides key elements to be taken into account in the formulation of policies in a context of accelerated demographic ageing and where dementia is a public health priority. The notion of active citizenship in old age is a step forward from active ageing to a broader concept that integrates the principle of equality between people irrespective of gender, age and the need for support.

[Impact assessment of a multisectoral plan for the promotion of health and social wellbeing in Andalusia (Spain)]. / Evaluación del impacto de un plan multisectorial de promoción de la salud y el bienestar social en Andalucía.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the Plan for the promotion of personal autonomy and prevention of disability in Andalusia (2016-2020) in 13 public administrations during the first year of its implementation; and to analyse the usability and feasibility of the impact assessment ladder used. METHOD: The Plan addresses the promotion of personal autonomy and the prevention of disabilities and dependencies through a multisectoral approach. It is structured in strands or lines of work, objectives and actions that have been assessed through the Adoption Impact Ladder (AIL). The analysis of the face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the impact assessment ladder was carried out in 30 actions of the Plan that were rated by 20 experts from the 13 ministries and public agencies involved in the Plan, and an external rater. RESULTS: 176 actions and programmes were launched in 2017. Of these, 67.2% were implemented during the first year. Only one of the 16 objectives had no action initiated during the first year. Moreover, 7 out of 15 objectives implemented were fully multisectoral involving more than three Regional Ministries. The face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the AIL were good (κ: 0.72). CONCLUSIONS: This Plan has provided a novel framework to coordinate a broad range of proposed policies and actions within the public administration of Andalusia. For the first time, a multisectoral impact analysis has been conducted providing an effective guide for monitoring, planning and setting public priorities in health, social services, ageing and disabilities.

Efectividad del programa de musicoterapia, en el envejecimiento activo y saludable en la tercera edad - Anexo de Cochayoc, Tarma ­ 2022 / Effectiveness of the Music Therapy Program in Active and Healthy Aging in the Elderly -Cochayoc Annex, Tarma ­2022

Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del programa de musicoterapia en el envejecimiento activo y saludable en la tercera edad ­anexo de Cochayoc, Tarma. Material y métodos: Cuasi experimental, prospectivo, longitudinal, analítico, aplicativo; con pre -post test de un mismo grupo experimental; la población es de 60 personas de la tercera edad y la muestra fue seleccionada a través del muestreo no probabilístico intencional constituido por 30 personas de la tercera edad, la recolección de datos fue mediante una lista de cotejo y uso de 3 cuestionarios. La prueba de confiabilidad fue Alfa de Cronbach, con un 0.87 considerado como bueno. Resultados: Los resultados evidencian que, tras la aplicación del pre test, las personas de la tercera edad en un 90% (27) no logran el envejecimiento activo y saludable; posterior al desarrollo del programa de musicoterapia se evidencia en el post test que un 93.3% (28) logran el envejecimiento activo y saludable. Con la prueba de Wilcoxon obtuvo que el valor P = 0,000 es menor al nivel de significancia 0,05; con un 95% de confianza, la aplicación del programa de musicoterapia "Melodías para la vida" es efectiva en el envejecimiento activo y saludable en la población de la tercera edad del Anexo de Cochayoc. Conclusiones: Tras comparar los valores entre el antes y después de aplicar el programa "Melodías para la vida" se observó que mejora el envejecimiento activo y saludable en todas sus dimensiones: emocional y afrontamiento positivo, hábitos saludables, cognitivo y participación social en las personas de la tercera edad

Objective:Determine the effect of the music therapy program on active and healthy aging in the elderly -Cochayoc Annex, Tarma. Material and methods:Quasi-experimental, prospective, longitudinal, analytical, applicative; with two observations (pre -post test) of the sameexperimental group; The population is 60 elderly people, and the sample was selected through intentional non-probabilistic sampling consisting of 30 elderly people, data collection was through a checklist and use of 3 questionnaires. The reliability test was Cronbach's Alpha, with 0.87 considered good. Results:The results show that, after the application of the pre-test, 90% (27) of the elderly don't achieve active and healthy aging; after the development of the music therapy program, it is evident in thepost test that 93.3% (28) achieved active and healthy aging. With the Wilcoxon test, it was obtained that the P value = 0.000 is less than the 0.05 level of significance; with 95% confidence, the application of the music therapy program "Melodies for life" is effective in active and healthy aging in the elderly population of the Cochayoc Annex. Conclusions:After comparing the values between before and after applying the "Melodies for Life" program, it was observed that it improves active and healthy agingin all its dimensions: emotional and face positively, healthy habits, cognitive and social participation in elderly people

[Relationship between macronutrient and micronutrient intake and nutritional status of active older adults in Chillán, Chile]. / Ingesta de macro y micronutrientes y su relación con el estado nutricional de adultos mayores activos de la ciudad de Chillán (Chile).

INTRODUCTION: Social participation by older adults is a health-protective element that promotes a normal nutritional status through the intake of appropriate nutrients that favour successful aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was performed on a sample of 118 older adults. Food intake was measured using a 24-h recall questionnaire. The body mass index was used to evaluate the nutritional status. The information was analysed using uni- and bivariate descriptive statistics. Given the abnormal distribution of the responses, the Mann-Whitney and Kolgomorov-Smirnov statistical test were used to compare data at the significance level α=0.05. RESULTS: More than half (55%) of the women and 61% of men had a normal nutritional status. The calories and macronutrient intake were within the recommended ranges and unrelated to the nutritional status (P>.05). The micronutrients showed significant differences in relation to the nutritional status, broken down by gender and age, in the majority of vitamins and minerals. (P>.01). The group between 75-90 years old accomplished the recommended dietary allowance in every case. CONCLUSIONS: The active participation in organised community groups, the educational level of the older adults, and higher income, could be key factors to explain the good nutritional status of the group, and appears to be a good indicator of healthy aging.

Caracterización de los determinantes sociales de la salud del envejecimiento activo en estudios enfocados a la calidad de vida: mapeo sistemático / Characterization of the social determinants of health in active aging in studies focused on quality of life: systematic mapping

Resumen El aumento demográfico de adultos mayores se está presentando acompañado de condiciones socioeconómicas y de salud desfavorables, que afectan su calidad de vida. Esta situación puede paliarse a través del marco del envejecimiento activo, el cual aporta lineamientos alternativos que pueden resultar eficaces para contrarrestarlos. La Organización Mundial de la Salud establece que el envejecimiento activo tiene seis Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (DSS) que han sido abordados desde diferentes áreas por la comunidad científica. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar y caracterizar el tipo de estudios enfocados a la calidad de vida, desde el envejecimiento activo, y clasificarlos de acuerdo con los DSS. Se revisaron las bases de datos Ebscohost, Scopus, Oxford, Redalyc y Sage Journals. Los descriptores utilizados fueron "envejecimiento activo" y "calidad de vida", en inglés y español. La búsqueda del mapeo sistemático comprendió enero 2015 a marzo 2022. Se localizaron 91 artículos en los que se evaluó la calidad de vida, desde la perspectiva del envejecimiento activo y la mayoría (81.3 %) fueron estudios transversales. Se identificaron 3 intervenciones psicológicas, con evaluación antes y después de las sesiones, abordando los DSS relacionados con los factores personales, como salud psicológica, percepción positiva con la actividad física y función cognitiva. Así mismo, los factores conductuales, como estilos de vida para la prevención de riesgo de caídas y mejora de la vida en general, que podrían condicionar la calidad de vida. El principal alcance temático de los estudios fue la vinculación existente entre la calidad de vida y los DSS relacionados con los factores personales y con el entorno social. Se requieren más estudios interdisciplinarios que ayuden a generar políticas públicas que impacten favorablemente en este sector poblacional.

Abstract The demographic increase of elderly people is taking place along with unfavorable socioeconomic and health conditions, which affect their quality of life. This situation can be alleviated through an active aging framework, which provides alternative guidelines that can be effective in counteracting them. The World Health Organization establishes that active aging has six Social Determinants of Health (SDH) that have been approached from different areas by the scientific community. The objective of this work was to identify and characterize the type of studies focused on quality of life, from active aging, and classify them according to the SDH. Ebscohost, Scopus, Oxford, Redalyc and Sage Journals databases were reviewed. The descriptors used were "active aging" and "quality of life", in English and Spanish. The systematic mapping search comprised from January 2015 to March 2022. 91 articles were located where quality of life was evaluated from the perspective of active aging and the majority (81.3 %) were cross-sectional studies. Three psychological interventions were identified, with an evaluation before and after the sessions, comprising the SDH related to personal factors, such as psychological health, positive perception with physical activity and cognitive function. Likewise, behavioral factors such as lifestyles for the prevention of risk of falls and general life improvement which could condition the quality of life. The main thematic scope of the analyzed studies was the existing relationship between quality of life and the SDH related to personal factors and the social environment. Further interdisciplinary studies are required to contribute to the creation of public policy that impacts favorably this sector of the population.

Influencia de las TIC en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (CVRS) en adultos mayores de un Centro de salud / Influence of ICT on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adults at a Health Center / Influência das TIC na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) em idosos em um Centro de Saúde

Cuando los individuos envejecen se vuelven más vulnerables a pasar por hechos que afectan su calidad de vida, estos sucesos pueden corresponder a aspectos sociales, ambientales, psicológicos y/o físicos; en este contexto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de las TIC en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud en los adultos mayores del centro materno infantil de Comas, Perú. La investigación es de tipo básica de nivel explicativo. El método es hipotético deductivo y el diseño fue no experimental. La población estuvo conformada por 256 adultos mayores y la muestra fue no probabilística de 100 individuos. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el test WHOQOL-OLD diseñado por la OMS y el test de actitudes hacia las TIC. La aplicación de los instrumentos fue individual y tuvo una duración aproximada de 40 minutos. La validez fue dada por juicio de expertos, la confiabilidad se comprobó mediante el estadístico alfa de Cronbach obteniendo un valor de 0.935 Según los resultados se explica la incidencia de la variable actitud hacia las TIC en la variable dependiente, calidad de vida de los adultos mayores, ya que el chi cuadrado tiene un valor de 17.310 y p valor de significancia de 0.003, por lo que se concluye que las TIC tienen influencia en la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud de los adultos mayores de un centro de salud en Comas, Perú.

When individuals grow older they become more vulnerable to events that affect their quality of life, these events may correspond to social, environmental, psychological and/or physical aspects; in this context, the present study aimed to determine the influence of ICTs on health-related quality of life in older adults in the maternal and child center of Comas, Peru. The research is of a basic type of explanatory level. The method was hypothetical-deductive and the design was non-experimental. The population consisted of 256 older adults and the sample was a non-probabilistic sample of 100 individuals. The instruments used were the WHOQOL-OLD test designed by the WHO and the ICT attitudes test. The application of the instruments was individual and lasted approximately 40 minutes. According to the results, the incidence of the variable attitude towards ICT on the dependent variable, quality of life of older adults, is explained by the chi-square value of 17.310 and p significance value of 0.003, so it is concluded that ICT have an influence on the health-related quality of life of older adults in a health center in Comas, Peru.

Conforme os indivíduos envelhecem, tornam-se mais vulneráveis a eventos que afetam sua qualidade de vida, estes eventos podem corresponder a aspectos sociais, ambientais, psicológicos e/ou físicos; neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a influência das TICs na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de adultos idosos no centro materno-infantil de Comas, no Peru. A pesquisa é uma pesquisa básica a nível explicativo. O método era hipotético-dedutivo e o projeto era não experimental. A população consistia de 256 adultos mais velhos e a amostra era uma amostra não-probabilística de 100 indivíduos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o teste WHOQOL-OLD projetado pela OMS e o teste de atitudes em relação às TIC. A aplicação dos instrumentos foi individual e durou aproximadamente 40 minutos. De acordo com os resultados, a incidência da atitude variável em relação às TIC sobre a variável dependente, qualidade de vida dos adultos idosos, é explicada pelo valor qui-quadrado de 17.310 e o valor p significativo de 0.003. Portanto, conclui-se que as TIC têm uma influência na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde dos adultos idosos em um centro de saúde em Comas, Peru.

Prácticas alimentarias vinculadas a la ocurrencia de enfermedades no transmisibles entre personas adultas mayores / Dietary practices linked to the occurrence of non-communicable diseases among older adults

Introducción: El proceso de envejecimiento poblacional argentino cursa una transición demográfica avanzada que transforma los perfiles de salud, prevaleciendo enfermedades no transmisibles. En tanto la alimentación en la vejez constituye un hecho social, cultural y ambiental, que incide en la calidad de vida y la salud. Objetivo: Identificar las condiciones de vida, potencialmente asociadas al desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles, que intervienen en el desarrollo de las prácticas alimentarias de personas adultas mayores de la ciudad de Córdoba y Gran Córdoba, en el periodo 2017 - 2019. Métodos: Estudio analítico de corte transversal, con triangulación metodológica cuali-cuantitativa. Se diseñó una muestra no probabilística de personas adultas mayores (≥ 60 años de edad) por cuotas según nivel de instrucción, implementando cuestionarios semiestructurados (n = 384), entrevistas (n = 12) y observaciones participantes. Resultados: En el espacio singular, emerge la presencia de enfermedades asociadas a la vejez que traen cambios alimentarios y de salud. En la dimensión particular-colectiva, se reconocen variaciones de salud a nivel de grupos; la enfermedad que individualmente se vivencia como una preocupación pasa a ser parte de la trama de vinculación social. El análisis multivariado identificó dos modalidades con una mirada multidimensional de la salud y la alimentación contextualizadas. En el espacio general se plantea una tensión entre el nuevo paradigma sobre el envejecimiento y las condiciones materiales de vida para ello. Conclusiones: Analizar la salud y alimentación de personas adultas mayores en su contexto, permite reconocer puntos de encuentro entre modos predominantes de envejecer, visibilizando el principio de un cambio social(AU)

Introduction: The process of aging of the Argentine population is undergoing an advanced demographic transition that transforms health profiles, prevailing non-communicable diseases. While food in old age is a social, cultural and environmental fact, which affects the quality of life and health. Objective: Identify the living conditions, potentially associated with the development of non-communicable diseases, that impact in the development of food practices of older adults in the city of Córdoba and Gran Córdoba, in the period 2017 - 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, with qualitative-quantitative methodological triangulation. A non-probabilistic sample of older adults (≥ 60 years of age) was designed by quotes according to level of education, implementing semi-structured questionnaires (n = 384), interviews (n = 12) and participant observations. Results: In the solo space, the presence of diseases associated with old age that bring dietary and health changes emerges. In the particular-collective dimension, health variations are recognized at the group level; the disease that is individually experienced as a concern becomes part of the fabric of social bonding. The multivariate analysis identified two modalities with a contextualized multidimensional view of health and food. In the general space there is a tension between the new paradigm on aging and the material conditions of life for it. Conclusions: Analyzing the health and nutrition of older adults in their context, allows to recognize points of encounter between predominant ways of aging, and making visible the principle of a social change(AU)

[Active ageing and success: A brief history of conceptual models]. / Envejecimiento activo y de éxito o saludable: una breve historia de modelos conceptuales.

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of this paper is to analyse and describe different conceptual models of successful ageing, active and healthy ageing developed in Europe and in America in the 20° century, starting from Rowe and Kahn's original model (1987, 1997). METHODOLOGY: A narrative review was conducted on the literature on successful ageing. RESULTS: Our review included definition of successful ageing from European and American scholars. Models were found that aimed to describe indexes of active and healthy ageing, models devoted to describe processes involved in successful ageing, and additional views that emphasise subjective and objective perception of successful ageing. A description is also given of critiques on previous models and remedies according to Martin et al. (2014) and strategies for successful ageing according to Jeste and Depp (2014). The need is discussed for the enhancement of Rowe and Kahn's model and other models with a more inclusive, universal description of ageing, incorporating scientific evidence regarding active ageing.

Políticas públicas sobre envejecimiento poblacional promulgadas en el contexto internacional, europeo y español entre 1982-2017 / Public policies on population ageing enacted in the international, European and Spanish contexts from 1982 to 2017

Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional, problema de relevancia mundial, requiere acción de parte de los organismos políticos y gobiernos. Objetivo: Exponer las principales políticas dirigidas a la atención del envejecimiento poblacional promulgadas en el contexto internacional, el europeo y en las comunidades autónomas españolas entre 1982 y 2017. Métodos: Se realizó un trabajo de revisión y análisis de documentos, que incluyó la búsqueda de fuentes primarias tales como: planes y estrategias oficiales, informes, bases de datos y legislaciones en relación con el tema del envejecimiento poblacional y el envejecimiento activo. La recogida de información se ejecutó de mayo a julio de 2017. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido para identificar las políticas en el contexto internacional. La ficha diagnóstica para el análisis de las estrategias, se confeccionó a partir de una adaptación de la ficha propuesta en la Estrategia Vasca de Envejecimiento Activo. Conclusiones: El paradigma de la Organización Mundial de la Salud sobre Envejecimiento Activo promulga la perspectiva de la salud, la participación y seguridad de las personas mayores. Marca un hito en la formulación de políticas y estrategias de trabajo a nivel internacional. Las comunidades autónomas españolas han proyectado diversas estrategias, pero se requiere lograr coordinación integrada de sus actuaciones(AU)

Introduction: Population ageing, a problem of global importance, requires actions by political bodies and governments. Objective: Present the main policies aimed to the care of the population aging enacted in the international, European and Spanish autonomous communities' contexts in the period from 1982 to 2017. Methods: A review and analysis of documents was carried out, which included the search for primary sources such as: official plans and strategies, reports, databases and legislation related to the issue of population ageing and active ageing. The information collection was carried out from May to July 2017. The content analysis technique was used to identify policies in the international context; the diagnostic sheet for the analysis of strategies was prepared on the basis of an adaptation of the card proposed in the Basque Active Ageing Strategy. Conclusions: The World Health Organization paradigm on Active Ageing promulgates the perspective of the health, participation and safety of the elderly. It marks a milestone in the formulation of policies and strategies for work at the international level. The Spanish Autonomous Communities have planned various strategies, but it is necessary to achieve integrated coordination of their actions(AU)

Efectos en adultos mayores de su participación en un proyecto comunitario basado en activos para la salud / Effects on older adults of their participation in a community project based on health assets

Introducción: el envejecimiento poblacional y el incremento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles están generando un gran impacto en los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. Articular el sistema de salud con los recursos comunitarios es fundamental para poder coordinar la atención sociosanitaria, descomplejizar la atención de los adultos mayores y promover el envejecimiento activo. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la relación entre la participación de adultos mayores en un proyecto de mapeo de activos para la salud y los efectos percibidos en esta experiencia. Métodos: la intervención consistió en un taller de seis encuentros semanales donde se aprendió a reconocer activos para la salud. Estos fueron volcados en un mapa virtual de acceso libre y gratuito para ser compartido con toda la sociedad. En el taller también se reforzó la importancia de la relación entre los participantes para mejorar los apoyos sociales. Utilizamos un diseño cualitativo de tipo interactivo con una estructura interconectada y flexible de los componentes de la investigación. Se observaron las interacciones y diálogos que se produjeron entre moderadoras-participantes y participantes entre sí, y se incluyeron los registros del cuaderno de campo de las moderadoras. Al finalizar el último encuentro, y cumplidos tres meses, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a quienes asistieron, al menos, a la mitad de los encuentros. Se utilizó una guía con preguntas abiertas, para conocer la perspectiva de los participantes acerca de eventuales cambios percibidos a partir de la experiencia vivida en el taller. Los datos se categorizaron y, posteriormente, se triangularon para garantizar la validez del análisis. Resultados: se identificaron las siguientes categorías que sitúan las experiencias de los participantes en relación con su paso por el proyecto: la generación de vínculos entre pares, los vínculos con las moderadoras, la dinámica de taller, la sustentabilidad del proyecto y la resignificación del barrio. Conclusión: es factible generar cambios positivos en la salud de los adultos mayores, potenciar los espacios de socialización y contribuir satisfactoriamente en la resignificación de los barrios a través del mapeo de activos para la salud. (AU)

Introduction: population ageing and the increase in chronic non-communicable diseases are having a major impact on health systems worldwide. Linking the health system with community resources is essential in order to coordinate social and health care, decomplexify the care of older adults and promote active ageing. Our objective was to analyse the relationship between the participation of older adults in a health asset mapping project and the perceived effects of this experience. Methods: the intervention consisted of a workshop of six weekly meetings where participants learned to recognise health assets from the perspective of each participant. These were then uploaded onto a virtual map that could be accessed free of charge and shared with the whole of society. The workshop also reinforced the importance of the relationship between participants to improve social support.We used an interactive qualitative design with an interconnected and flexible structure between the research components. The interactions and dialogues that took place between moderators-participants and participants with each other were observed, and the field notebook records of the moderators were included. At the end of the last meeting, and after three months, in-depth interviews were conducted with those who attended at least half of the meetings. A guide with open-ended questions was used to find out the participants perspective on possible changes perceived as a result of the workshop experience. The data were categorised and then triangulated to ensure the validity of the analysis. Results: the following categories were identified that situate the participants experiences in relation to their time in the project: the generation of links between peers, the links with the moderators, the workshop dynamics, the sustainability of the project and the re-signification of the neighbourhood. Conclusion: it is feasible to generate positive changes in the health of older adults, to strengthen the spaces for socialisation and to successfully contribute to the resignification of the neighbourhoods through the mapping of assets for health. (AU)

[Dignity of the elderly]. / Dignidad de la persona mayor.

A discussion is presented on what is understood by «dignity¼ when applied to the elderly, highlighting it universal character and contrasting it with the greater risks of suffering «indignities¼ to which the elderly are exposed. The discussion is divided into 3 sections. In the first, the risk factors in this sense could lead to physiological losses and illnessess, which in in the physical, mental and social sense are associated with ageing. In the second, the question of discrimination of the elderly as a form of aggression due to age, and is so widespread and infrequently studied. Lastly, it is discussed how to interpret the advice of the United Nations on how to promote active ageing as a defence system against indignities. It concludes with the message that neither the limitations that accompany the ageing process, nor the different forms of aggression that the elderly may be subjected to, provide sufficient argument neither for a loss of individual nor collective dignity. This is something which we all must endeavour to achieve and which must be maintained and be respected by individuals and by society at all times.

Diagnóstico de necesidades educativas para el envejecimiento activo en una comunidad / Diagnosis of educational needs for active aging in a community

Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional sigue siendo un desafío para las naciones, por lo que requiere de nuevas miradas a la atención de los adultos mayores para lograr un envejecimiento activo, generador de calidad de vida y bienestar. Objetivo: Diagnosticar las necesidades educativas para el envejecimiento activo de los adultos mayores del Reparto Universitario en Santa Clara. Métodos: Siguiendo un paradigma cualitativo se emplearon técnicas como grupo focal, entrevista semiestructurada y observación participante. Resultados: Las necesidades educativas de los adultos mayores están relacionadas con poca participación activa en espacios sociales, creencias y prejuicios sobre la vejez que configuran una representación negativa de esta etapa de la vida, la que se enfoca en la culminación del desarrollo, la inactividad, inadecuación de procesos autovalorativos como el autoconcepto y la autoestima. Estas representaciones se relacionan con la no aceptación del propio proceso envejecimiento; pobreza de conocimiento de temas importantes como el ocio y el tiempo libre; así como los efectos de los ejercicios físicos para la salud, pobreza de intereses y motivaciones que trasciendan el contexto familiar. Conclusiones: Los adultos mayores deben participar en espacios de interacción social, de autocuidado y de actividad física que favorezcan el desarrollo de nuevas motivaciones que trasciendan su contexto familiar. Por lo que se deben aprovechar las potencialidades que ofrecen los entornos en los que se desenvuelven y de esa manera propiciar el desarrollo de intervenciones educativas que estimulen el envejecimiento activo(AU)

Introduction: Population aging is still a challenge for the nations, and therefore requires new looks to the attention of older adults in order to achieve active aging, which is a generator of quality of life and well-being. Objective: To diagnose the educational needs for active aging of older adults in Universidad community in Santa Clara. Methods: Following a qualitative paradigm, there were used techniques such as focus group, semi-structured interviews and participant observation. Results: The educational needs of older adults are related with little active participation in social spaces, beliefs and prejudices about old age that constitute a negative representation of this stage of life, which focuses on the culmination of the development, inactivity, inadequacy of self-evaluation processes such as self-image and self-esteem. These representations are related to non-acceptance of the aging process itself; poverty of knowledge of important issues such as leisure and free time; as well as the effects of physical exercises for health, lack of interests and motivations that transcend the family context. Conclusions: Older adults should participate in spaces of social interaction, self-care and physical activity that foster the development of new motivations that transcend their family context. There must be taken advantage of the potential offered by the environments in which they operate and thus promote the development of educational interventions that encourage active aging(AU)

Inclusión digital como opción aportante al envejecimiento activo / Digital Inclusion as a contributory alternative to active aging

Resumen Introducción: Actualmente, suceden dos fenómenos el crecimiento de la población adulta mayor y la incorporación creciente y masiva de las TIC en la sociedad, que si bien se supone se mueven en paralelo, a cada momento interactúan más, al punto de integrarse. Objetivo: Abordar la inclusión digital como alternativa aportante en el proceso de envejecimiento activo. Proposición: La inclusión digital se convierte en una opción que aporta al envejecimiento activo, al proporcionar alternativas para la incorporación del adulto mayor a la(s) sociedad(es) de la información y el conocimiento. Argumentos para la discusión: El envejecimiento, a pesar de ser un proceso biológico, no implica que deba asumirse como una situación de incapacidad o pérdida de condición humana, sino como un ambiente con nuevas demandas, relaciones e intereses, donde las TIC podrán aportar en la calidad de vida, si se consideran aspectos específicos en los procesos de inclusión digital. A manera de aporte, se plantean unas recomendaciones con miras a iniciativas de inclusión digital con adultos mayores residentes de hogares geriátricos. Conclusiones: La inclusión digital se convierte en estrategia relevante, para favorecer procesos de envejecimiento activo, dentro de un marco de equidad y respeto a la diversidad.

Abstract Introduction: In the current world two phenomena are happening (incremental of the elderly population and growing and massive adult implementation of ICTs in society), although they are supposed to move in parallel, they are interact more and more, to the point of integration. Objective: To address digital inclusion as an alternative contributor to the active aging process. Proposition: Digital inclusion is an option that contributes to active aging by providing alternatives for the incorporation of the elderly into the information and knowledge society(s). Arguments for discussion: Aging, even though it is a biological process, it does not imply that the process should be assumed as a cause of a situation of disability or a loss of human condition. Instead, it is an environment with new demands, relationships and interests, where ICTs can contribute to have a better life quality, if specific aspects are considered in the processes of digital inclusion. As a contribution, recommendations are made for e-inclusion initiatives with elderly residents of geriatric homes. Final thoughts: Digital inclusion is becoming a relevant strategy to promote active aging process, within a framework of equity and respect for diversity.

Envelhecimento Ativo em Questão - Reflexões a partir de uma Oficina de Teatro com Pessoas Idosas / Active Aging in Question - Reflections from a Theater Workshop with Older People / Envejecimiento Activo en Questión: Reflexiones de un Taller de Teatro con Personas Mayores

O conceito de Envelhecimento Ativo, preconizado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde e propagado pelos discursos midiáticos e acadêmicos, carrega certa subjetividade sobre o envelhecer que, a nosso ver, precisa ser reavaliado. Com prescrições sobre o que seria um envelhecimento bem-sucedido, idealiza-se a pessoa idosa-modelo e descarta-se o dissenso e as singularidades. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma vivência de teatro voltada a pessoas de mais idade, que pretende contribuir com reflexões acerca deste conceito e sugerir formas originais de pensar e viver a velhice.

The concept of Active Aging, advocated by the World Health Organization and propagated by media and academic discourses, carries a certain subjectivity about aging that, in our view, needs to be reevaluated. With prescriptions on what would be a successful aging, idealize the elderly model and discard dissent and singularities. In this paper, we present a theater experience aimed at older people who want to contribute reflections on this concept and suggest original ways of thinking and living old age.

El concepto de Envejecimiento Activo, defendido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y propagado por los medios de comunicación y los discursos académicos, conlleva una cierta subjetividad sobre el envejecimiento que, en nuestra opinión, debe ser reevaluada. Con recetas sobre lo que sería un envejecimiento exitoso, idealice el modelo de ancianos y descarte la disidencia y las singularidades. En este artículo, presentamos una experiencia teatral dirigida a personas mayores que desean aportar reflexiones sobre este concepto y sugerir formas originales de pensar y vivir la vejez.

La participación de los atletas veteranos en deportes competitivos: ¿El ideal de envejecimiento activo? / The participation of Master athletes in competitive sports: An ideal of active aging? / A participação de atletas veteranos em esportes competitivos: O ideal do envelhecimento ativo?

En los últimos años se ha asistido a un aumento de la participación en disciplinas deportivas competitivas durante la vejez. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar si los atletas veteranos mayores pueden considerarse un ideal de envejecimiento activo. Para ello, se exploran tanto los factores determinantes como el impacto de la práctica de deportes competitivos entre atletas mayores. Finalmente se ofrece una visión crítica que resalta la problematicidad de la entronización de este colectivo como ejemplo de "buen envejecer".

In the last few years, participation in competitive sports in later life has considerably increased. The purpose of this article is to reflect if older Master athletes can be considered an ideal model of active aging. In order to this, the determinants and impacts of the competitive sports participation for older athletes are explored. Finally, this article offers a critical view that highlights the problem of considering this group as an ideal example of "well aging".

Nos últimos anos, houve um aumento da participação em disciplinas esportivas competitivas durante a velhice. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir se atletas veteranos mais velhos podem ser considerados um ideal de envelhecimento ativo. Para isso, são explorados os fatores determinantes e o impacto de praticar esportes competitivos entre os atletas maisvelhos. Por fim, é oferecida uma visão crítica que destaca a natureza problemática da entronização desse grupo como um exemplo de "bom envelhecimento".