RESUMEN
In Europe, uncommon foodstuff (UFS, i.e., traditional foods from specific European regions and uncommon ethnic foods from non-EU countries) have been contributing to a diversification of the food supply. E-commerce and specialized retail shops are the main sources for UFS. This article discusses the legal bases for UFS introduction and evaluation. By means of 35 representative UFS, this article analyses the possibilities of trade and veterinary inspection of these products in Germany, comparing European Union and national food legislation with the many idiosyncrasies the UFS presents. Conservatory legislation bans the trade with endangered species (primates, cetaceans, songbirds), but for many other species, this is a complex matter that may ban only subpopulations from trade. Although introduction of legal UFS is regulated (yet complicated), the lack of appropriate definitions, intra-European trade harmonization, and of sufficient scientific knowledge hampers a satisfactory evaluation of many UFSs, for example, reptile meat or terrestrial insects. In these cases, official inspection would only be very basic.
Asunto(s)
Unión Europea/organización & administración , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , Animales , Comercio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Inspección de Alimentos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Alemania , Guías como Asunto , CarneRESUMEN
In the article priority activities of The Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare on improvement of standard legal support of safety of foodstuff and control of compliance of foodstuff to legislation requirements are reported. The main documents directed on harmonization of the international requirements with national ones and requirements of the Customs union on safety of foodstuff are submitted. Work within a framework of Russian Federation's accession to the WTO is described. And data on control of quality and safety of foodstuff are provided also.
Asunto(s)
Comercio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , Humanos , Agencias Internacionales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Cooperación Internacional , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The purpose of this paper is to assess the compliance of local government (LG) (metropolitan and district municipalities) with legislative requirements concerning the control of milk hygiene at production level. Municipal health services (MHS) managers are playing an increasingly important role through legislation to ensure the health and well-being of consumers and to secure consumer trust in the product. A survey questionnaire targeting 52 MHS managers or designated persons (directly responsible for milk control) at the various metropolitan municipalities (metros) and district municipalities (DMs) in South Africa was conducted. At the time of the survey the majority of metros and DMs had not been authorised by the Ministry of Health in accordance with Section 23(1) of the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act, 1972 (Act 54 of 1972) in their respective areas of jurisdiction. Respondents indicated that a notable number of metros and DMs had not authorised their environmental health practitioners (EHPs) to administer the provisions of the above-mentioned Act. In accordance with this Act, this study concludes that the respective national and provincial governments, through their various departments, have to support and strengthen the capacity of municipalities to exercise power and perform their functions in this regard.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/prevención & control , Adhesión a Directriz , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , Leche/normas , Animales , Bovinos , Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Gobierno Local , Proyectos Piloto , Salud Pública/legislación & jurisprudencia , Sudáfrica , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Recent EU legislation (EC/2065/2001) requires that fish products, of wild and farmed origin, must provide consumer information that describes geographical origin and production method. The aim of the present study was to establish methods that could reliably differentiate between wild and farmed European gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The methods that were chosen were based on chemical and stable isotopic analysis of the readily accessible lipid fraction. This study examined fatty acid profiles by capillary gas chromatography and the isotopic composition of fish oil (delta(13)C, delta(18)O), phospholipid choline nitrogen (delta(15)N) and compound specific analysis of fatty acids (delta(13)C) by isotope ratio mass spectroscopy as parameters that could reliably discriminate samples of wild and farmed sea bream. The sample set comprised of 15 farmed and 15 wild gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), obtained from Greece and Spain, respectively. Discrimination was achieved using fatty acid compositions, with linoleic acid (18:2n-6), arachidonic acid (20:4n-6), stearic acid (18:0), vaccenic acid (18:1n-7) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) providing the highest contributions for discrimination. Principle components analysis of the data set highlighted good discrimination between wild and farmed fish. Factor 1 and 2 accounted for >70% of the variation in the data. The variables contributing to this discrimination were: the fatty acids 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:1n-7, 22:1n-11, 18:2n-6 and 22:5n-3; delta(13)C of the fatty acids 16:0, 18:0, 16:1n-7, 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3; Bulk oil fraction delta(13)C; glycerol/choline fraction bulk delta(13)C; delta(15)N; % N; % lipid.
Asunto(s)
Isótopos de Carbono/análisis , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/análisis , Aceites de Pescado/análisis , Legislación Alimentaria/normas , Isótopos de Nitrógeno/análisis , Isótopos de Oxígeno/análisis , Dorada/clasificación , Animales , Isótopos de Carbono/química , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Electroforesis Capilar , Unión Europea/organización & administración , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/química , Aceites de Pescado/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Grecia , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , Isótopos de Nitrógeno/química , Isótopos de Oxígeno/química , Análisis de Componente Principal , Dorada/metabolismo , Alimentos Marinos/análisis , EspañaRESUMEN
This is a summary from a workshop convened as part of the 13(th) annual meeting of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics. A group of 24 stakeholders, including clinical experts, researchers, federal government officials, funding agencies, lawyers and industry experts met to review the challenges of the current regulatory approach to human research on probiotics in the USA and to discuss ways to move research forward. There was agreement that some of the current regulatory requirements imposed on probiotic research in the United States hindered research progress and increased cost without improving study subject safety. Many situations were outlined by clinical investigators demonstrating the impact of regulatory delays on research progress. Additionally, research is compromised when study designs and outcomes require manipulation so as to invoke less burdensome regulatory requirements. These responses by investigators to regulatory requirements have placed United States' researchers at a disadvantage. The public ultimately suffer when research to clarify the role of these products on health is stalled. Workshop participants concurred that regulatory oversight should balance study subject vulnerability with documented safety for the intended use for the probiotic strain, and that human research on foods and supplements should not be be regulated as drug research. Challenges and potential improvement strategies are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Investigación Biomédica/normas , Suplementos Dietéticos/normas , Legislación de Medicamentos/normas , Legislación Alimentaria/normas , Probióticos/normas , Investigación Biomédica/legislación & jurisprudencia , Investigación Biomédica/organización & administración , Investigación Biomédica/tendencias , Alimentos/normas , Humanos , Legislación de Medicamentos/organización & administración , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug AdministrationAsunto(s)
Productos Agrícolas/economía , Ingeniería Genética/legislación & jurisprudencia , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Gestión de Riesgos , Canadá , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Productos Agrícolas/genética , Ecosistema , Etiquetado de Alimentos , Técnicas de Transferencia de Gen , Ingeniería Genética/economía , Humanos , Legislación Alimentaria/economía , Opinión Pública , Medición de Riesgo , Gestión de Riesgos/economía , Gestión de Riesgos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Gestión de Riesgos/tendencias , Transformación Genética , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Biotecnología/legislación & jurisprudencia , Biotecnología/métodos , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Tecnología de Alimentos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Ingeniería Genética/legislación & jurisprudencia , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Política Pública , Agricultura/legislación & jurisprudencia , Agricultura/métodos , Agricultura/organización & administración , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/métodos , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor/normas , Unión Europea , Tecnología de Alimentos/normas , Alimentos Modificados Genéticamente/normas , Ingeniería Genética/normas , Regulación Gubernamental , Organismos Modificados Genéticamente , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Our study assessed whether municipal health services were informed about and exerted adequate control over the informal milk-producing sector in South Africa. The results indicated that municipal health services had limited control. Only one municipality was authorised to allow the sale of raw milk in its area. In most metropolitan and district municipalities, the distribution of raw milk continues, even where no statutory investigations assessed the ability to control the practice. The national and provincial government should recognise and support capacity building to enable municipalities to exercise power and perform their functions regarding informal milk distribution, part of the informal sector that has provided opportunities for employment and additional income. This constitutes a challenge particularly in monitoring and control of high-risk foods.
Asunto(s)
Comercio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , Gobierno Local , Leche , Salud Pública/legislación & jurisprudencia , Animales , Bovinos , Servicios de Salud Comunitaria/legislación & jurisprudencia , Industria Lechera , Inocuidad de los Alimentos , Humanos , Leche/normas , SudáfricaAsunto(s)
Etiquetado de Alimentos/normas , Alimentos Infantiles/normas , Publicidad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Publicidad/normas , Preescolar , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Manipulación de Alimentos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Manipulación de Alimentos/normas , Etiquetado de Alimentos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Francia , Humanos , Lactante , Alimentos Infantiles/efectos adversos , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , Legislación Alimentaria/normas , Valor NutritivoAsunto(s)
Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Inspección de Alimentos , Legislación Alimentaria , Animales , Inspección de Alimentos/economía , Humanos , Legislación Alimentaria/economía , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , Carne/normas , Países Bajos , Medicina Veterinaria/normasAsunto(s)
Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor/legislación & jurisprudencia , Agencias Gubernamentales/organización & administración , Objetivos Organizacionales , Administración de la Seguridad/organización & administración , Inspección de Alimentos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Humanos , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Estreñimiento/dietoterapia , Legislación Alimentaria , Plantas Medicinales/efectos adversos , Factores de Edad , Suplementos Dietéticos , Unión Europea , Femenino , Interacciones Alimento-Droga , Humanos , Laxativos/efectos adversos , Laxativos/uso terapéutico , Legislación de Medicamentos/organización & administración , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , EmbarazoAsunto(s)
Productos Agrícolas/genética , Alimentos Modificados Genéticamente , Legislación Alimentaria , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , India , Legislación Alimentaria/economía , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , Medios de Comunicación de Masas , Reino Unido , Estados Unidos , United States Department of AgricultureRESUMEN
Recent changes in the institutional framework of food safety in Portugal have been initiated by BSE scandals and by EU legislative impact. Portuguese consumers have only recently moved from a poverty-related fear of food scarcity to modern fears of safety-related problems with food. Food safety is now highly politicized in Portugal, and the organization of food safety policies has been the topic of several parliamentary debates and of governmental reform. The chapter describes the political conflicts generated by the planned establishment of a new Food Agency-controversies which have so far hindered institutional change.
Asunto(s)
Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Legislación Alimentaria , Formulación de Políticas , Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Gobierno , Humanos , Legislación Alimentaria/organización & administración , Legislación Alimentaria/normas , Política , PortugalRESUMEN
This paper provides an overview of the responsibilities and jurisdictional boundaries of Health Canada (HC) and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) with regard to food regulation in Canada. It examines their interagency coordination within the federal structure and with other levels of government, industry, and the consumer. The international developments are considered with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Canada, United States Trade Agreement (CUSTA) being regarded as likely to have a significant future impact. The federal food safety and quality system is complex and fragmented. Federal food regulation comes under the jurisdiction of four federal departments: HC, AAFC, Industry Canada (IC), and Fisheries and Oceans Canada (FOC). All four departments are involved with inspection, surveillance, and the analysis of food sold in Canada. In addition, Canada's ten provincial and two territorial governments have provincial-, regional-, municipal-, and local-level governments that also have jurisdiction over food safety and quality. Consideration is first given to the main legislative provision covering food--the Federal Food and Drugs Act. This Act is administered by several of the Federal Government departments. The role of these departments is examined individually along with additional, more specific legal provisions for which responsibility is not divided (in particular, the Canada Agricultural Products [CAP] Act administered by AAFC, and the Consumer Packaging and Labeling Act [CPLA] administered by IC). The various reviews that have taken place in the recent past and those still in progress are considered, and the final part of this paper looks at the international developments that are likely to have a major impact on the future development of the Canadian food control system.