RESUMEN
In addition to numerous immune factors, C-reactive protein (CRP) and nitric oxide (NO) are believed to be molecules of malaria immunopathology. The objective of this study was to detect CRP and NO inductions by agglutination latex test and Griess microassay respectively in both control and malaria groups from endemic areas of Iran, including Southeastern (SE) (Sistan & Balouchestan, Hormozgan, Kerman) and Northwestern (NW) provinces (Ardabil). The results indicated that CRP and NO are produced in all malaria endemic areas of Iran. In addition, more CRP and NO positive cases were observed amongst malaria patients in comparison with those in control group. A variable co-association of CRP/NO production were detected between control and malaria groups, which depended upon the malaria endemic areas and the type of plasmodia infection. The percentage of CRP/NO positive cases was observed to be lower in NW compare to SE region, which may be due to the different type of plasmodium in the NW (Plasmodium vivax) with SE area (P. vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, mixed infection). The fluctuations in CRP/NO induction may be consistent with genetic background of patients. Although, CRP/NO may play important role in malaria, their actual function and interaction in clinical forms of disease remains unclear.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Malaria Falciparum/sangre , Malaria Vivax/sangre , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Proteína C-Reactiva/biosíntesis , Estudios de Casos y Controles , ADN Protozoario/genética , Irán/epidemiología , Pruebas de Fijación de Látex , Malaria Falciparum/epidemiología , Malaria Vivax/epidemiología , Óxido Nítrico/biosíntesis , Plasmodium falciparum/genética , Plasmodium vivax/genéticaRESUMEN
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome that frequently leads to the development of chronic complications and high susceptibility to infections. It is probably due to defective immunological defense, which may be related to metabolic control of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metabolic control on immune-cell behavior in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. For this, the in vitro proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was analyzed in patients with inadequate and adequate metabolic control. DESIGN AND SETTING: Experimental/laboratory study at a university hospital. METHODS: Eleven type 1 and thirteen type 2 diabetic patients were studied, together with 21 healthy individuals divided in two groups (11/10), who were matched by sex and age with those diabetic patients. PBMC cultures stimulated with concanavalin-A (Con-A) were used to measure ³H-thymidine incorporation after 72 hours of cell culturing. For patients with inadequate metabolic control, culturing was performed on the first day of patient hospitalization and again after intensive treatment to achieve adequate control. RESULTS: The proliferation index for Con-A-stimulated cultures from type 1 diabetic patients was significantly greater than that for cultures from healthy individuals and type 2 diabetic patients, independent of metabolic control. A negative correlation between the proliferation cell index and body mass index and serum C-reactive protein levels was also observed. CONCLUSION: The increase in the proliferation capacity of type 1 diabetic T lymphocytes was probably not caused by hyperglycemia and/or insulinopenia related to inadequate metabolic control.
CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Diabetes mellitus é uma síndrome clínica que freqüentemente leva ao desenvolvimento de complicações crônicas, e também, alta susceptibilidade a infecções, provavelmente devido a um defeito na defesa imunológica, que pode ser relacionada ao controle metabólico da doença. Neste estudo, propomos avaliar o efeito do controle metabólico no comportamento imunocelular de pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 e 2 através da proliferação in vitro de células mononucleares de sangue periférico (PBMC) em pacientes com controle metabólico inadequado e adequado. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo experimental e laboratorial, realizado em hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Estudamos 11 diabéticos do tipo 1 e 13 do tipo 2 além de 21 controles saudáveis, divididos em dois grupos (11/10), pareados para sexo e idade aos diabéticos tipo 1 e 2. Usamos culturas de PBMCs estimuladas com concanavalina (Con-A) para medir a incorporação de ³H-timidina após 72 horas de cultura de células. As culturas foram realizadas no primeiro dia de internação para os pacientes em controle metabólico inadequado, e repetidas após o controle metabólico adequado. RESULTADOS: O índice de estimulação das culturas estimuladas com Con-A nos diabéticos tipo 1 foi significantemente maior que na cultura de indivíduos saudáveis e diabéticos tipo 2, independentemente do controle metabólico. Além disso, foi observada uma correlação negativa entre o índice de proliferação e o índice de massa corporal e níveis de proteína-C. CONCLUSÃO: O aumento na capacidade de proliferação de linfócitos de diabéticos tipo 1 não é causado por hiperglicemia e/ou insulinopenia relacionada a controle inadequado.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteína C-Reactiva/biosíntesis , Proliferación Celular , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , /metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Glucemia/análisis , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Células Cultivadas , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/inmunología , /sangre , /inmunología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
En la actualidad, se desconoce el rol del aumento de proteína C recativa (PCR) y haptoglobina (Hp) en la respuesta de fase aguda. Algunos autores han postulado la posibilidad que estas proteínas intervengan en la regulación del sistema inmune. Nuestro estudio estuvo orientado a demostrar la presencia de receptores para Hp y PCR en linfocitos procedentes de niños sanos y niños con patología infecciosa y autoinmune. Para este efecto, se obtuvieron células mononucleares de 48 niños (24 sanos, 14 con infecciones demostradas y 10 con enfermedades autoinmune), se incubaron por 72 horas a 37 grados Celsius y 5 por ciento de CO2, con estímulo de fitohemaglutinina (PHA) y con diferentes concentraciones de PCR y Hp en el medio. Se separaron las subpoblaciones CD4 y CD8 mediante anticuerpos monoclonales unidos a partículas magnéticas y se analizó la presencia de receptores a distintos tiempos (0, 24, 48 y 72 horas) mediante una técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta