Enteral nutrition with eicosapentaenoic acid, γ-linolenic acid and antioxidants in the early treatment of sepsis: results from a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled study: the INTERSEPT study.

INTRODUCTION: Enteral nutrition (EN) with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/γ-linolenic acid (GLA) is recommended for mechanically ventilated patients with severe lung injury. EPA/GLA has anti-inflammatory benefits, as evidenced by its association with reduction in pulmonary inflammation, improvement in oxygenation and improved clinical outcomes in patients with severe forms of acute lung injury. This study was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial designed to investigate whether EPA/GLA could have an effective role in the treatment of patients with early sepsis (systemic inflammatory response syndrome with confirmed or presumed infection and without any organ dysfunction) by reducing the progression of the disease to severe sepsis (sepsis associated with at least one organ failure) or septic shock (sepsis associated with hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation). Secondary outcomes included the development of individual organ failure, increased ICU and hospital length of stay, need for mechanical ventilation and 28-day all-cause mortality. METHODS: Randomization was concealed, and patients were allocated to receive, for seven days, either an EPA/GLA diet or an isocaloric, isonitrogenous control diet not enhanced with lipids. Patients were continuously tube-fed at a minimum of 75% of basal energy expenditure × 1.3. To evaluate the progression to severe sepsis and/or septic shock, daily screening for individual organ failure was performed. All clinical outcomes were recorded during a 28-day follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 115 patients in the early stages of sepsis requiring EN were included, among whom 106 were considered evaluable. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis demonstrated that patients fed the EPA/GLA diet developed less severe sepsis and/or septic shock than patients fed the control diet (26.3% versus 50%, respectively; P = 0.0259), with similar results observed for the evaluable patients (26.4% versus 50.9% respectively; P = 0.0217). The ITT analysis demonstrated that patients in the study group developed cardiovascular failure (36.2% versus 21%, respectively; P = 0.0381) and respiratory failure (39.6% versus 24.6%, respectively; P = 0.0362) less often than the control group. Similarly, when considering only the evaluable patients, fewer patients developed cardiovascular failure (20.7% versus 37.7%, respectively; P = 0.03) and respiratory failure (26.4% versus 39.6%, respectively; P = 0.04). The percentage of patients fed the EPA/GLA diet requiring invasive mechanical ventilation was reduced compared with controls (ITT patients: 18.9% versus 33.9%, respectively; P = 0.394; evaluable patients: 17.5% versus 34.5%, respectively; P = 0.295). Patients nourished with the EPA/GLA diet remained in the ICU fewer days than the control population (ITT patients: 21.1 ICU-free days versus 14.7 ICU-free days, respectively; P < 0.0001; evaluable patients: 20.8 ICU-free days versus 14.3 ICU-free days, respectively; P < 0.0001) and fewer days at the hospital (ITT patients: 19.5 hospital-free days versus 10.3 hospital-free days, respectively; P < 0.0001; evaluable patients: 19.1 hospital-free days versus 10.2 hospital-free days, respectively; P < 0.001) (all numbers expressed as means). No significant differences in 28-day all-cause mortality were observed (ITT patients: 26.2% EPA/GLA diet versus 27.6% control diet, respectively; P = 0.72; evaluable: 26.4 EPA/GLA diet versus 30.18 control diet, respectively; P = 0.79). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that EPA/GLA may play a beneficial role in the treatment of enterally fed patients in the early stages of sepsis without associated organ dysfunction by contributing to slowing the progression of sepsis-related organ dysfunction, especially with regard to cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00981877.

Brazilian recommendations of mechanical ventilation 2013. Part 2.

Perspectives on invasive and noninvasive ventilatory support for critically ill patients are evolving, as much evidence indicates that ventilation may have positive effects on patient survival and the quality of the care provided in intensive care units in Brazil. For those reasons, the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine (Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - AMIB) and the Brazilian Thoracic Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia - SBPT), represented by the Mechanical Ventilation Committee and the Commission of Intensive Therapy, respectively, decided to review the literature and draft recommendations for mechanical ventilation with the goal of creating a document for bedside guidance as to the best practices on mechanical ventilation available to their members. The document was based on the available evidence regarding 29 subtopics selected as the most relevant for the subject of interest. The project was developed in several stages, during which the selected topics were distributed among experts recommended by both societies with recent publications on the subject of interest and/or significant teaching and research activity in the field of mechanical ventilation in Brazil. The experts were divided into pairs that were charged with performing a thorough review of the international literature on each topic. All the experts met at the Forum on Mechanical Ventilation, which was held at the headquarters of AMIB in São Paulo on August 3 and 4, 2013, to collaboratively draft the final text corresponding to each sub-topic, which was presented to, appraised, discussed and approved in a plenary session that included all 58 participants and aimed to create the final document.

Brazilian recommendations of mechanical ventilation 2013. Part I.

Perspectives on invasive and noninvasive ventilatory support for critically ill patients are evolving, as much evidence indicates that ventilation may have positive effects on patient survival and the quality of the care provided in intensive care units in Brazil. For those reasons, the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine (Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - AMIB) and the Brazilian Thoracic Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumonia e Tisiologia - SBPT), represented by the Mechanical Ventilation Committee and the Commission of Intensive Therapy, respectively, decided to review the literature and draft recommendations for mechanical ventilation with the goal of creating a document for bedside guidance as to the best practices on mechanical ventilation available to their members. The document was based on the available evidence regarding 29 subtopics selected as the most relevant for the subject of interest. The project was developed in several stages, during which the selected topics were distributed among experts recommended by both societies with recent publications on the subject of interest and/or significant teaching and research activity in the field of mechanical ventilation in Brazil. The experts were divided into pairs that were charged with performing a thorough review of the international literature on each topic. All the experts met at the Forum on Mechanical Ventilation, which was held at the headquarters of AMIB in São Paulo on August 3 and 4, 2013, to collaboratively draft the final text corresponding to each sub-topic, which was presented to, appraised, discussed and approved in a plenary session that included all 58 participants and aimed to create the final document.

Aged patients with respiratory dysfunction: epidemiological profile and mortality risk factors. / Perfil epidemiológico e fatores de risco para mortalidade em pacientes idosos com disfunção respiratória.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the population of aged as compared to young patients under mechanical ventilation and to analyze the mortality risk factors of this group in an intensive care unit. METHODS: This was a prospective observational trial in patients over 18 years of age, admitted in an intensive care unit and under mechanical ventilation, during one year. Patients were divided into two groups according to age: Group 1 - patients over 65 years old; and Group 2, 65 years old or younger. RESULTS: eighty one mechanic ventilation patients were included, 62 aged and 18 younger, mean ages from aged was 76 years, while in the younger it was 56 years. As compared to the control, aged patients had longer mechanic ventilation time , higher intensive care unit and hospital mortality: 63.1% versus 26.3% and 74.2% versus 47.4% (P<0.05), respectively. In addition, the aged under mechanic ventilation had increased desintubation failures, difficult ventilatory weaning and deaths directly related to respiratory dysfunction. The mechanic ventilation time was an independent risk factor for death in the intensive care unit in aged patients (OR= 2.7, p=0.02). The area under the ROC curve of mechanic ventilation about intensive care unit death was 0.92 (95% CI 0.85-0.97, p (area 0.5)=0.0001), cutoff point of 4 days, sensitivity 89.4% and specificity 77.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanic ventilation patients over 65years of age have a worse prognosis than the younger, and the longer the mechanic ventilation time, the higher will be intensive care mortality.

Prognostic factors in elderly patients admitted in the intensive care unit. / Fatores prognósticos em pacientes idosos admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva.

UNLABELLED: Currently, aging of the population is a widespread global phenomenon. Therefore, the assessment of prognosis in elderly patients is needed. This study aims to identify risk factors in a population of elderly patients admitted in the intensive care unit METHODS: A prospective study in the intensive care unit of a general tertiary hospital was carried out for five months. Patients with 65 years or more of age, who stayed in the intensive care unit for 24 hours or more were included and those at the-end-of-life, patients readmitted to intensive care unit during the same hospital stay were excluded. RESULTS: In this study 199 patients were involved, with a mean age of 75.4±6.8 years, and 58.8% were female. Mortality was 57.3%. The mean APACHE II, SOFA, MODS and Katz index (assessment of daily activities) were respectively 20.0±5.8, 6.8±3.9, 2.4±1.9 and 5.3±1.6. Most patients were postoperative 59.3% and 41.6% were under invasive mechanical ventilation. At regression analysis, the independent determinants of higher mortality were: older age (76.9±6.7 years death versus 73.3±6.5 years discharge, P<0.001, OR=1.08, CI 95% 1.01-1. 16), the Katz index (4.9±1.9 deaths versus 5.7±0.9 discharge, p=0.001, OR=0.66, CI 95% 0.45-0.98), hyperglycemia (158.1±69.0 death versus 139.6±48.5 discharge p=0.041; OR=1.02; CI 95% 1.01-1.03) and need for mechanical ventilation at admission to the intensive care unit (57.0% death versus 20.5% discharge p <0.001, OR=3.57, CI 95% 1.24-10.3). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients admitted to the intensive care unit that have difficulties in performing daily activities, hyperglycemia and who are under invasive mechanical ventilation had a worse hospital prognosis.

Recomendações brasileiras de ventilação mecânica 2013. Parte I / Brazilian recommendations of mechanical ventilation 2013. Part I

O suporte ventilatório artificial invasivo e não invasivo ao paciente crítico tem evoluído e inúmeras evidências têm surgido, podendo ter impacto na melhora da sobrevida e da qualidade do atendimento oferecido nas unidades de terapia intensiva no Brasil. Isto posto, a Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIB) e a Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumonia e Tisiologia (SBPT) - representadas pelo seus Comitê de Ventilação Mecânica e Comissão de Terapia Intensiva, respectivamente, decidiram revisar a literatura e preparar recomendações sobre ventilação mecânica objetivando oferecer aos associados um documento orientador das melhores práticas da ventilação mecânica na beira do leito, baseado nas evidencias existentes, sobre os 29 subtemas selecionados como mais relevantes no assunto. O projeto envolveu etapas visando distribuir os subtemas relevantes ao assunto entre experts indicados por ambas as sociedades que tivessem publicações recentes no assunto e/ou atividades relevantes em ensino e pesquisa no Brasil na área de ventilação mecânica. Esses profissionais, divididos por subtemas em duplas, responsabilizaram-se por fazer revisão extensa da literatura mundial sobre cada subtema. Reuniram-se todos no Forum de Ventilação Mecânica na sede da AMIB em São Paulo, em 03 e 04 de agosto de 2013 para finalização conjunta do texto de cada subtema e apresentação, apreciação, discussão e aprovação em plenária pelos 58 participantes, permitindo a elaboração de um documento final.

Perspectives on invasive and noninvasive ventilatory support for critically ill patients are evolving, as much evidence indicates that ventilation may have positive effects on patient survival and the quality of the care provided in intensive care units in Brazil. For those reasons, the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine (Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - AMIB) and the Brazilian Thoracic Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumonia e Tisiologia - SBPT), represented by the Mechanical Ventilation Committee and the Commission of Intensive Therapy, respectively, decided to review the literature and draft recommendations for mechanical ventilation with the goal of creating a document for bedside guidance as to the best practices on mechanical ventilation available to their members. The document was based on the available evidence regarding 29 subtopics selected as the most relevant for the subject of interest. The project was developed in several stages, during which the selected topics were distributed among experts recommended by both societies with recent publications on the subject of interest and/or significant teaching and research activity in the field of mechanical ventilation in Brazil. The experts were divided into pairs that were charged with performing a thorough review of the international literature on each topic. All the experts met at the Forum on Mechanical Ventilation, which was held at the headquarters of AMIB in São Paulo on August 3 and 4, 2013, to collaboratively draft the final text corresponding to each sub-topic, which was presented to, appraised, discussed and approved in a plenary session that included all 58 participants and aimed to create the final document.

Recomendações brasileiras de ventilação mecânica 2013. Parte 2 / Brazilian recommendations of mechanical ventilation 2013. Part 2

O suporte ventilatório artificial invasivo e não invasivo ao paciente grave tem evoluído e inúmeras evidências têm surgido, podendo ter impacto na melhora da sobrevida e da qualidade do atendimento oferecido nas unidades de terapia intensiva no Brasil. Isto posto, a Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira (AMIB) e a Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia (SBPT) - representadas por seu Comitê de Ventilação Mecânica e sua Comissão de Terapia Intensiva, respectivamente, decidiram revisar a literatura e preparar recomendações sobre ventilação mecânica, objetivando oferecer aos associados um documento orientador das melhores práticas da ventilação mecânica na beira do leito, com base nas evidências existentes, sobre os 29 subtemas selecionados como mais relevantes no assunto. O projeto envolveu etapas que visaram distribuir os subtemas relevantes ao assunto entre experts indicados por ambas as sociedades, que tivessem publicações recentes no assunto e/ou atividades relevantes em ensino e pesquisa no Brasil, na área de ventilação mecânica. Esses profissionais, divididos por subtemas em duplas, responsabilizaram-se por fazer uma extensa revisão da literatura mundial. Reuniram-se todos no Fórum de Ventilação Mecânica, na sede da AMIB, na cidade de São Paulo (SP), em 3 e 4 de agosto de 2013, para finalização conjunta do texto de cada subtema e apresentação, apreciação, discussão e aprovação em plenária pelos 58 participantes, permitindo a elaboração de um documento final.

Perspectives on invasive and noninvasive ventilatory support for critically ill patients are evolving, as much evidence indicates that ventilation may have positive effects on patient survival and the quality of the care provided in intensive care units in Brazil. For those reasons, the Brazilian Association of Intensive Care Medicine (Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira - AMIB) and the Brazilian Thoracic Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia - SBPT), represented by the Mechanical Ventilation Committee and the Commission of Intensive Therapy, respectively, decided to review the literature and draft recommendations for mechanical ventilation with the goal of creating a document for bedside guidance as to the best practices on mechanical ventilation available to their members. The document was based on the available evidence regarding 29 subtopics selected as the most relevant for the subject of interest. The project was developed in several stages, during which the selected topics were distributed among experts recommended by both societies with recent publications on the subject of interest and/or significant teaching and research activity in the field of mechanical ventilation in Brazil. The experts were divided into pairs that were charged with performing a thorough review of the international literature on each topic. All the experts met at the Forum on Mechanical Ventilation, which was held at the headquarters of AMIB in São Paulo on August 3 and 4, 2013, to collaboratively draft the final text corresponding to each sub-topic, which was presented to, appraised, discussed and approved in a plenary session that included all 58 participants and aimed to create the final document.

Influência da adequação postural em cadeira de rodas na função respiratória de pacientes com distrofia muscular de Duchenne / Influence of wheelchair positioning aids on the respiratory function of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da adequação postural em cadeira de rodas na função respiratória de pacientes com distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD). Participaram 12 pacientes com diagnóstico de DMD e que possuíam cadeira de rodas adaptada com idade variando de 10 a 22 anos. Cada indivíduo foi avaliado na própria cadeira de rodas e em uma cadeira de rodas padrão, ou seja, sem reclinação ou tilt. As cadeiras dos participantes possuíam adaptações no encosto e no assento, confeccionados de acordo com as especificidades de cada paciente. A avaliação consistiu em mensurar o volume minuto (VM), volume corrente (VC), capacidade vital forçada (CVF), pressões inspiratória (PImax) e expiratória (PEmax) máximas e pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE). Para análise dos dados, foi utilizado o teste t pareado, adotando-se o nível de significância de 0,05. As adaptações resultaram em melhores valores estatisticamente significativos de todos os parâmetros respiratórios: VM (8.963,3 e 10.762,5 mL/min; p=0,028), VC (319,1 e 433,6 mL; p=0,005), CVF (1.476,3 e 1.850 mL; p=0,005), PImax (-41,2 e -51,2 cmH2O; p=0,022), PEmax (29,6 e 36,7 cmH2O; p=0,004) e PFE (162,1 e 185 L/min; p=0,018). Nossos resultados sugerem que a adequação postural em cadeira de rodas influenciou positivamente a função respiratória de pacientes com DMD.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of wheelchair positioning aids on the respiratory function of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Twelve non-ambulatory DMD patients, between 10 to 22 years of age, were evaluated. They were assessed in their adapted wheelchairs and in a standard wheelchair without tilt or reclining. The wheelchairs of the participants possessed adaptations in the backrest and the seat, made according to the specifics of each patient. Minute volume (MV), tidal volume (TV), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory pressures (MEP) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured. For data analysis we used the paired t-test adopting the significance level of 0.05. The positioning aids resulted in statistically significant better values of all respiratory parameters: MV (8,963.3 and 10,762.5 mL/min; p=0.028), TV (319.1 and 433.6 mL; p=0.005), FVC (1,476.3 and 1,850 mL; p=0.005), MIP (-41.2 and -51.2 cmH2O; p=0.022), MEP (29.6 and 36.7 cmH2O; p=0.004) and PEF (162.1 and 185 L/min; p=0.018). These results may suggest that wheelchair positioning aids can positively influence pulmonary function for non-ambulatory DMD patients.

Influência da adequação postural em cadeira de rodas na função respiratória de pacientes com amiotrofia espinhal tipo II / Influence of wheelchair positioning aids on the respiratory function of patients with type II spinal muscular atrophy

Este estudo visou determinar a influência da adequação postural em cadeira de rodas na função respiratória de pacientes com amiotrofia espinhal tipo II (AME). Doze pacientes (idades entre 7 e 24 anos) com diagnóstico de AME II, confirmado por achados clínicos e análise genética, participaram do estudo. Os parâmetros respiratórios – volume minuto (VM), volume corrente (VC), capacidade vital forçada (CVF), pressões inspiratória (PImáx) e expiratória (PEmáx) máximas e pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) – na cadeira de rodas individual, com adaptações, e em uma cadeira de rodas padrão, isto é, sem reclinação ou inclinação. Os resultados mostram valores melhores estatisticamente significativos de todos os parâmetros respiratórios (VM, p=0,002; VC, p=0,003; CVF, p=0,017; PImax, p=0,002; PEmax, p=0,006; e PFE, p=0,007) nas medidas tomadas na cadeira adaptada para a postura adequada. Os resultados permitem concluir que a adequação postural em cadeira de rodas influencia positivamente a função respiratória de pacientes com AME tipo II...

This study aimed at determining the influence of adequate wheelchair positioning aids on the respiratory function in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type-II patients. Twelve patients (aged 7 to 24) with SMA diagnosed by clinical findings and confirmed by genetic analysis, who owned wheelchairs with positioning aids, underwent spirometric assessment – as to minute volume (MV), tidal volume (TV), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum inspiratory (IPmax) and expiratory (EPmax) pressures, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) – both on their own wheelchair and on a standard wheelchair with no recline or tilt. Results show significantly better values in all assessed parameters (MV, p=0.002; TV, p=0.003; FVC, p=0.017; IPmax, p=0.002, EPmax, p=0.006; and PEF, p=0.007) of measures taken at the patient’s own chair, with positioning aids. These results allow for concluding that wheelchair positioning aids may positively influence pulmonary function of SMA type II patients.

Perfil epidemiológico e fatores de risco para mortalidade em pacientes idosos com disfunção respiratória / Aged patients with respiratory dysfunction: epidemiological profile and mortality risk factors

OBJETIVOS: Descrever população de pacientes idosos em relação a jovens em ventilação mecânica e analisar fatores de risco para mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva neste grupo. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo observacional, em pacientes com idade acima de 18 anos, admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva em ventilação mecânica no período de um ano. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a idade: Grupo 1- pacientes acima de 65 anos e Grupo 2 com idade menor ou igual a 65 anos. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 81 pacientes, 62 idosos e 19 jovens em ventilação mecânica. A média de idade dos idosos foi 76 anos, enquanto o grupo mais jovem apresentou média de 56 anos. Idosos em comparação aos controles, apresentaram maiores tempo de ventilação mecânica, mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva e no hospital: 63,1 por cento versus 26,3 por cento e 74,2 por cento versus 47,4 por cento (p<0,05), respectivamente. Além disso, idosos em ventilação mecânica apresentaram maiores taxas de falências de desintubações, desmame ventilatório difícil e óbitos diretamente relacionados à disfunção respiratória. O tempo de ventilação mecânica foi fator de risco independente de morte na unidade de terapia intensiva em pacientes idosos (OR= 2,7, p=0,02). A área sob a curva ROC do tempo de ventilação mecânica em relação a óbito na unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 0,92 (IC95 por cento 0,85-0,97, p (área 0,5)=0,0001), ponto de corte de 4 dias sensibilidade 89,4 por cento e especificidade 77,1 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com idade acima de 65 anos em ventilação mecânica apresentam pior prognóstico que os pacientes mais jovens e quanto maior seu tempo de ventilação mecânica maior mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the population of aged as compared to young patients under mechanical ventilation and to analyze the mortality risk factors of this group in an intensive care unit. METHODS: This was a prospective observational trial in patients over 18 years of age, admitted in an intensive care unit and under mechanical ventilation, during one year. Patients were divided into two groups according to age: Group 1 - patients over 65 years old; and Group 2, 65 years old or younger. RESULTS: eighty one mechanic ventilation patients were included, 62 aged and 18 younger, mean ages from aged was 76 years, while in the younger it was 56 years. As compared to the control, aged patients had longer mechanic ventilation time , higher intensive care unit and hospital mortality: 63.1 percent versus 26.3 percent and 74.2 percent versus 47.4 percent (P<0.05), respectively. In addition, the aged under mechanic ventilation had increased desintubation failures, difficult ventilatory weaning and deaths directly related to respiratory dysfunction. The mechanic ventilation time was an independent risk factor for death in the intensive care unit in aged patients (OR= 2.7, p=0.02). The area under the ROC curve of mechanic ventilation about intensive care unit death was 0.92 (95 percent CI 0.85-0.97, p (area 0.5)=0.0001), cutoff point of 4 days, sensitivity 89.4 percent and specificity 77.1 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanic ventilation patients over 65years of age have a worse prognosis than the younger, and the longer the mechanic ventilation time, the higher will be intensive care mortality.

Fatores prognósticos em pacientes idosos admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva / Prognostic factors in elderly patients admitted in the intensive care unit

OBJETIVOS: Atualmente o envelhecimento populacional é proeminente fenômeno mundial. Então, a avaliação do prognóstico em pacientes idosos é necessária, sendo assim o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar fatores de risco em população de pacientes idosos admitidos em unidade de terapia intensiva. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo prospectivo, em unidade de terapia intensiva geral de um hospital terciário, durante 5 meses. Pacientes com idade maior ou igual a 65 anos que permaneceram na unidade de terapia intensiva por tempo maior ou igual a 24 horas foram incluídos, pacientes moribundos e aqueles readmitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva durante mesma internação hospitalar foram excluídos. RESULTADOS: Foram envolvidos no estudo 199 pacientes com média de idade de 75,4± 6,8 anos, 58,8 por cento do sexo feminino. A mortalidade hospitalar foi 57,3 por cento. A média do APACHE II, SOFA, MODS e KATZ índice (avaliação de atividades diárias) foram respectivamente 20,0±5,8, 6,8±3,9, 2,4±1,9 e 5,3±1,6. A maioria dos pacientes estava no pós-operatório 59,3 por cento, sendo que 41,6 por cento estavam em uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva. Foi determinante independente de maior mortalidade através de análise de regressão: a idade avançada (76,9±6,7 anos óbito versus 73,3±6,5 anos alta; p=<0,001; OR=1,08; IC95 por cento 1,01-1,16), o índice KATZ (4,9±1,9 óbito versus 5,7±0,9 alta; p=0,001; OR=0,66; IC95 por cento 0,45-0,98), hiperglicemia (158,1±69,0 óbito versus 139,6±48,5 alta; p=0,041; OR=1,02; IC95 por cento 1,01-1,03) e necessidade de ventilação mecânica na admissão da unidade de terapia intensiva (57,0 por cento óbito versus 20,5 por cento alta; p<0,001; OR=3,57; IC95 por cento 1,24-10,3). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes idosos admitidos na unidade de terapia intensiva que apresentam dificuldades nas atividades diárias, hiperglicemia e uso de ventilação mecânica invasiva apresentam pior prognóstico hospitalar.

Currently, aging of the population is a widespread global phenomenon. Therefore, the assessment of prognosis in elderly patients is needed. This study aims to identify risk factors in a population of elderly patients admitted in the intensive care unit METHODS: A prospective study in the intensive care unit of a general tertiary hospital was carried out for five months. Patients with 65 years or more of age, who stayed in the intensive care unit for 24 hours or more were included and those at the-end-of-life, patients readmitted to intensive care unit during the same hospital stay were excluded. RESULTS: In this study 199 patients were involved, with a mean age of 75.4±6.8 years, and 58.8 percent were female. Mortality was 57.3 percent. The mean APACHE II, SOFA, MODS and Katz index (assessment of daily activities) were respectively 20.0±5.8, 6.8±3.9, 2.4±1.9 and 5.3±1.6. Most patients were postoperative 59.3 percent and 41.6 percent were under invasive mechanical ventilation. At regression analysis, the independent determinants of higher mortality were: older age (76.9±6.7 years death versus 73.3±6.5 years discharge, P<0.001, OR=1.08, CI 95 percent 1.01-1. 16), the Katz index (4.9±1.9 deaths versus 5.7±0.9 discharge, p=0.001, OR=0.66, CI 95 percent 0.45-0.98), hyperglycemia (158.1±69.0 death versus 139.6±48.5 discharge p=0.041; OR=1.02; CI 95 percent 1.01-1.03) and need for mechanical ventilation at admission to the intensive care unit (57.0 percent death versus 20.5 percent discharge p <0.001, OR=3.57, CI 95 percent 1.24-10.3). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients admitted to the intensive care unit that have difficulties in performing daily activities, hyperglycemia and who are under invasive mechanical ventilation had a worse hospital prognosis.

Comentários sobre a cirurgia de Eloesser / Commentaries about Eloesser's surgery

Os autores comentam aspctos técnicos e seus resultados com a cirurgia de Eloesser. Estabelecem parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais para a sua realizaçäo, baseados no acompanhamento pré e pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos a essa cirurgia, assim como comentam sobre a sua conduta nos curativos diários da cavidade empiemática

Consideraçöes anatômicas sobre a artéria cólica direita em adultos e crianças / Anatomical considerations about the right colic artery in adults and children

A inexistência de fatos anatômicos comprovados cientificamente sobre a artéria cólica direita, em crianças, incentivou-nos a desenvolver esta pesquisa, na qual procuramos dissecar esta artéria em peças anatômicas de adultos e crianças, que foram compradas do ponto de vista estatístico, com margem de erro de 1%. As conclusöes obtidas auxiliaram-nos a demonstrar, do ponto de vista científico, algumas deduçöes empíricas a respeito dessa artéria, em crianças

Contribuiçäo para o estudo anatômico da existência e origem da artéria ileocólica / Contribution to the anatomical study about the existence and origin of the ileocolic artery

Os autores estudaram 116 cadáveres humanos pela técnica da dissecaçäo macroscópica da artéria ileocólica, com a finalidade de obterem informaçöes complementares sobre sua existência e origem. Compararam também peças anatómicas de adultos com outras de crianças, para verificarem se havia diferença com relaçäo a essa artéria, em adultos e crianças

Prenhez ectópica: aspectos atuais / Ectopic pregnancy: actual aspects

Os autores realizaram um extensa revisäo da literatura ocidental acerca de todos os aspectos da Prenhez Ectópica, indo desde o seu conceito até seus métodos diagnósticados mais atuais, bem como tratamento e complicaçöes

Sialoadenite crônica em paciente adolescente: relato de caso

Os autores relatm um caso de sialoadenite crônica em paciente adolescente com 12 anos de idade, matriculado no Ambulatório de Adolescentes do Centro de Saúde Escola da Faculdade de Medicina da Fundaçäo do ABC. O paciente apresentou-se com uma tumoraçäo no ângulo direito da mandíbula e soalho da boca, há cerca de 18 meses. Após realizaçäo dos exames complementares pertinentes, o paciente foi encaminhado à cirurgia, sendo realizada exérese total da glândula submandibular direita, evoluindo sem complicaçöes no pós-operatória. O material retirado foi encaminhado para exame anatomopatológico, que confirmou a hipótese diagnóstico. A sialoadenite crônica é uma afecçäo de gländula salivar pouco freqüente em crianças e adolescentes e há escassez de publicaçöes a respeito

Morbidade em adolescente: experiência do Centro de Saúde Escola da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC

Os autores elaboram um levantamento de 592 fichas de matrícula de pacientes entre 12 e 18 anos de idade, que foram atendidos no período de janeiro de 1990 a dezembro de 1991, no Serviço de Adolescentes do Centro de Saúde Escola da Faculdade de Medicina da Fundaçäo do ABC (SACSEFMFUABC), coletando o número do registro, sexo, idade e diagnóstico clínico realizado na matrícula, com o intuito de determinar qual o perfil dos adolescentes atendidos nestes dois anos, no serviço em questäo