Delayed, Atraumatic Index Metacarpal Fracture After Trapeziectomy and Suture-Button Suspensionplasty for Thumb Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis: A Report of Three Cases.

Trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty is a surgical treatment option for thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis refractory to nonsurgical management. We describe the cases of 3 patients who presented with index metacarpal fracture, in the absence of traumatic injury, over 4 months after trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty. All 3 fractures demonstrated the same pattern: short oblique/spiral, oriented proximal radial to distal ulnar with the distal end in the vicinity of the index metacarpal button, presumably after the orientation of the metacarpal drill hole. Two of the fractures were treated with surgical fixation. Fracture healing was obtained in all cases. Two of the 3 patients remained symptomatic with thumb pain, but decided against revision treatment for the carpometacarpal osteoarthritis. The third underwent restabilization of the suture button at the time of fracture fixation. Although uncommon, index metacarpal fracture after trapeziectomy with suture-button suspensionplasty can present without trauma several months after surgery.

Prospective evaluation of sleep improvement after cubital tunnel decompression surgery.

BACKGROUND: Compromised sleep is a known phenomenon with compressive neuropathies such as carpal tunnel syndrome. However, the prevalence of sleep disturbance with cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) and the effect on sleep after ulnar nerve decompression are not well understood. We hypothesized that CuTS results in sleep disturbances and that decompression surgery would result in improvement in overall sleep quality. METHODS: Consecutive patients with electrodiagnostic-proven CuTS indicated for decompression were prospectively enrolled. Demographic data, McGowan grade, electrodiagnostic (electromyography) severity, visual analog scale pain score, the 11-item version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, and the Insomnia Severity Index scale data were collected preoperatively and at 2 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS: There were 145 patients enrolled, with 97% available at 2 weeks and 72% available at the final 3-month follow-up. Surgical decompression procedures consisted of 102 in situ releases and 43 transpositions. The average preoperative Insomnia Severity Index score for the entire cohort was 10.7, above the threshold for a diagnosis of insomnia, which subsequently improved to 4.1 by final follow-up postoperatively, consistent with resolution of the insomnia. There was no difference in the extent of sleep improvement between in situ decompression and transposition. Similarly, electromyography severity and McGowan grade also did not appear to significantly affect the extent of sleep improvement. CONCLUSION: CuTS decompression surgery, irrespective of surgical type and preoperative severity, resulted in improvement in sleep by the 3 month postoperative visit.

Safe Return to Driving After Volar Plating of Distal Radius Fractures.

PURPOSE: A major concern for patients following distal radius fracture fixation is when they can resume driving. This decision has medical, legal, and safety considerations, but there are no evidence-based guidelines to assist the surgeon. The goal of this study was to observe when patients are capable of safely resuming driving following surgical fixation of the distal radius. METHODS: Patients undergoing volar plating of a distal radius fracture were prospectively enrolled. At approximately 2 and 4 weeks after surgery, patients were administered a driving examination on a closed course and given a subjective questionnaire including visual analog scale scores. All basic functions of vehicle operation were evaluated. Successful completion indicated they would pass a driving evaluation. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were enrolled. Sixteen (69.5%) passed their first attempt (average of 18.4 days from surgery), another 4 (17.4%) passed their second attempt (31.3 days from surgery), and 3 did not complete the second examination. Patients who failed relied too much on their nonsurgical hand, were not able to control the steering wheel with 2 hands, and reported pain and insecurity when using the operative hand. Of those who passed the second attempt, the first failure was universally attributed to pain. Fifteen patients reported a return to independent driving prior to the first examination (average, 11.3 days). Of the 7 who failed, 6 reported they could control the car in an emergency, and 2 reported they would not feel safe with daily driving. Maximum pain while driving on the visual analog scale was 2.4 of 10 among those who failed compared with 1.3 among those who passed. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients could safely return to driving within 3 weeks of surgery. Pain was the primary limiting factor affecting driving ability. Safe return to driving may be warranted within 3 weeks of distal radius volar plate fixation in some patients. Persistent pain is likely the most important obstacle to a safe return to driving. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic IV.

Incidence of Glove Perforation During Hand Surgical Procedures.

PURPOSE: To determine the rate of glove perforation during hand surgery. METHODS: We prospectively examined the rate of glove perforations among 10 fellowship-trained hand surgeons at our institution during a 6 week period. Gloves were tested for perforation using a water-fill technique at the conclusion of each surgical procedure. Surgeons recorded the presence of any glove perforations. RESULTS: Eleven perforations were identified in 10 gloves among 600 surgical procedures during the study period. The perforation rate per case was 1.5% (95% confidence interval, 0.78% to 2.8%). Forty percent of perforations (n = 4) occurred during fracture surgery. Other holes occurred during isolated carpal tunnel release (n = 3) or combined carpal tunnel and trigger finger release (n = 3). The perforation was noticed intraoperatively in only 2 gloves. The difference in perforation rate between single- and double-gloved procedures was not significant. There were no perforations in the inner glove of surgeons who double gloved. A total of 73% of holes (8 of 11) occurred on surgeons' index finger; 75% of these were on the dominant hand. The dominant thumb, non-dominant ring and nondominant little fingers each had a single perforation. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of glove perforation during hand surgery is low. Holes can occur even during soft tissue procedures of short duration. The dominant index finger appears to be at greatest risk for perforation. When they do occur, most often holes are not noticed by the operating surgeon. The baseline glove perforation rate is unknown. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A high level of vigilance is required to maintain sterile technique.

Prospective Evaluation of Sleep Improvement Following Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery.

PURPOSE: Sleep disturbance due to nighttime awakening is a well-documented symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome. While relief of nighttime waking following carpal tunnel release (CTR) has been demonstrated, the effect of CTR on overall sleep quality has not been fully investigated. We hypothesized that CTR would result in significant improvement in overall sleep quality as well as patients' overall satisfaction with their sleep habits. METHODS: Cases of carpal tunnel syndrome with positive nerve studies, and treated with CTR, were prospectively enrolled. Demographic data, electromyography (EMG) severity, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scale data were collected. RESULTS: A total of 398 patients were enrolled, with 99% available at 2 weeks and 64% available at 3-month final follow-up. At final follow-up, average Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score improved significantly from the preoperative value. Average ISI score on all 7 sleep categories on the survey improved significantly from before surgery to the first postoperative visit. However, the total ISI score did not further improve significantly between the 2-week and the 3-month postoperative visits. The ISI score improvements did not correlate with EMG severity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing CTR demonstrated significant improvement in mean scores for 7 aspects of sleep quality. Sleep improvement was unrelated to preoperative EMG severity and was experienced within 2 weeks of surgery. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic II.

Distal Radius Fracture Therapy Utilization Following Traditional Open Reduction and Internal Fixation and Dorsal Bridge Plate Fixation.

Background Many distal radius fractures are treated with a volar locking plate, but a minority undergo dorsal bridge plate fixation. This study's primary purpose was to compare therapy utilization following distal radius fractures treated with traditional open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) versus dorsal bridge plate fixation. Secondary outcomes were time to first and last therapy visits and therapy costs. Methods Patients over 18 years old who underwent distal radius ORIF between January 2021 and August 2022 at a single regional orthopedic practice were identified. Patients who underwent post-operative hardware removal were retrospectively reviewed to identify dorsal bridge plate fixation patients. This resulted in "traditional ORIF" and "dorsal bridge plate" groups. Therapy visit number, cost, and payor (insurance type including Medicare, private insurance, worker's compensation, automobile policy, and private pay) were collected. Results In total, 1,376 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 713 of the 1,283 (55.6%) patients in the traditional ORIF group and 25 of the 44 patients (56.8%) in the dorsal bridge plate group attended therapy at our institution. Traditional ORIF and dorsal bridge plate patients averaged 12.6(±10) and 24(±18.7) therapy visits in the one-year following ORIF, respectively. Time to last therapy visit was 90.9(±60) and 175.2(±72.1) days in the traditional ORIF and dorsal bridge plate groups, respectively. Total therapy cost was $1,219(±$1,314) and $2,015(±$1,828) in the traditional ORIF and dorsal bridge plate groups with similar out-of-pocket costs. Conclusions Dorsal bridge plate fixation patients attended a greater number of therapy sessions, had a longer time from surgery until therapy end, and had a higher therapy total cost relative to traditional ORIF, but both groups had similar patient out-of-pocket therapy costs.

A Nine-Year Follow-Up of Stage II Preiser's Disease Treated With a Temporary Dorsal Wrist-Spanning Plate: A Case Report.

Preiser's disease, also known as avascular necrosis of the scaphoid, is a rare condition that is incompletely understood in regard to pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. There have been numerous case reports and case series evaluating a variety of conservative and operative interventions, but optimal treatment has not been well established. We describe the case of a 20-year-old female with stage II Preiser's disease that was managed with a vascularized bone graft from the 1,2 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery, in addition to temporary dorsal wrist-spanning bridge plate fixation. At the nine-year follow-up, the patient had near full wrist range of motion, no pain, and radiographs showing preserved carpal alignment and a scapholunate angle within normal range. Our findings suggest that this surgical technique is a viable option for restoring scaphoid vascularity, preserving carpal alignment, and halting disease progression.

Thumb-Basal Joint Arthroplasty Outcomes and Metacarpal Subsidence: A Prospective Cohort Analysis of Trapeziectomy With Suture Button Suspensionplasty Versus Ligament Reconstruction With Tendon Interposition.

BACKGROUND: Thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthroplasty is a common procedure in the surgical management of symptomatic thumb basal joint arthritis. Following trapeziectomy, a number of suspensionplasty techniques are often used, but limited comparative evidence exists between these techniques. The central aim of this study was to prospectively compare the outcomes of 2 suspensionplasty techniques following trapeziectomy: suture button (TightRope) versus ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI). METHODS: Prospective data were collected on 112 consecutive patients with Eaton stage III-IV thumb CMC arthritis who underwent open trapeziectomy and suspensionplasty. There were 53 LRTI and 59 TightRope suspensionplasty procedures. Outcomes were measured using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, radiographic analysis, and lateral pinch strength. Patient demographic data and complications were also recorded. RESULTS: Patients undergoing TightRope suspensionplasty had significantly higher trapeziometacarpal index and thus less subsidence than the LRTI group at 2 weeks (0.22 vs 0.17 [P < .0001]) and 3 months (0.17 vs 0.15 [P < .05]) postoperatively. TightRope suspensionplasty also had a significantly lower QuickDASH score at 2 weeks (64.7 vs 74.6 [P < .05]), 3 months (20.7 vs 32.5 [P < .05]), and 1 year postoperatively (7.57 vs 21.5 [P < .05]) compared with the LRTI group. However, there was no difference in VAS pain, lateral pinch strength, reoperation, or complications at any time point between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Thumb CMC joint arthroplasty performed with a TightRope suspensionplasty versus LRTI yielded short-term improved resistance to subsidence, long-term greater improvement in clinical outcome by QuickDASH, and no difference in pain or complication rates.

Pickleball- and Paddleball-Related Injuries to the Upper Extremity.

Introduction While pickleball and paddleball are rapidly growing as popular sports in the United States, research on the incidence of hand and upper extremity injuries and treatments in outpatient clinics are lacking. This study evaluates the incidence rates and treatment options, both surgically and nonsurgically, for patients presenting with pickleball/paddleball-related injuries. Methods A retrospective database search of our multispecialty, multilocation electronic medical record (EMR) system from 2015 to 2022 identified 204 patients with outpatient pickleball- and paddleball-related injuries. The data from these patients' charts were reviewed for injury incidences, treatment trends, and demographics. Results  The majority of patients suffered wrist fractures due to a fall/dive and were treated nonsurgically. The most common surgical treatment, when required, was open reduction and internal fixation of the distal radius. We found that pickleball and paddleball players who sustained wrist fractures required surgery at a higher rate than the general population if above the age of 65. Conclusion As pickleball and paddleball continue to gain popularity, hand surgeons should be aware of the types of injuries that can occur and, when possible, counsel patients accordingly to try to prevent them. Additionally, hand surgeons should recognize the common treatments and outcomes that arise from pickleball/paddleball-related injuries.

Abnormal Patterns of Biceps and Triceps Co-Contraction Following Elbow Surgery May Result in Elbow Stiffness.

Objectives: This study examines the pattern of muscular contraction and the intensity of this contraction of the biceps and triceps following elbow surgery. Methods: We performed a prospective electromyographic study of 16 patients undergoing 19 surgical procedures on the elbow joint. We measured the resting EMG signal intensity of the biceps and triceps of the operated and the normal sides at 90 degrees. We then calculated the peak EMG signal intensity during passive elbow flexion and extension of the operated side. Results: Seventeen of 19 elbows (89%) displayed a co-contraction pattern of the biceps and triceps near the end of flexion and extension during the passive range of motion. The co-contraction pattern was observed near the end of the range of motion in both flexion and extension. In addition to the observed co-contraction patterns, we detected higher contraction intensities for the biceps and triceps muscles in all patients in both flexion and extension for the elbows, which had been treated surgically. Further analysis suggests an inverse correlation between the biceps contraction intensity and the arc of motion measured at the latest follow-up. Conclusion: The co-contraction pattern and increased contraction intensity of periarticular muscle groups may result in internal splinting mechanisms, contributing to the development of elbow joint stiffness, which is frequently observed following elbow surgery.

Tramadol Versus Codeine in Hand Surgery.

Introduction Tramadol and codeine are both commonly prescribed in the setting of surgery or injury to the upper extremity. Despite their comparable strength in terms of opioid receptor affinity, the drugs differ pharmacologically and thus are not completely interchangeable. Methods This study analyzes all prescriptions for codeine and tramadol by a group of hand surgeons over a one-year period and tests the central hypothesis that the prescribing and refill patterns of these two drugs would be similar. Results Despite similar prescription amounts in terms of morphine equivalents, patients receiving tramadol required prescription refills at a significantly higher amount than those receiving codeine, and these individuals tended to be older. Additionally, patients treated nonoperatively were prescribed significantly more tramadol than those treated surgically. Conclusion Our findings suggest that codeine and tramadol are not equivalent in managing upper extremity pain. Further study is needed to articulate the situations in which physicians and patients are better served by tramadol versus codeine.

Intramedullary Headless Screw Fixation of Metacarpal Fractures: A Radiographic Analysis for Optimal Screw Choice.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in radiographic metacarpal anatomy as it relates to intramedullary (IM) fixation of metacarpal fractures and to compare this anatomy with available headless screw dimensions. Methods: We radiographically analyzed posteroanterior and lateral (LAT) radiographs of 120 metacarpals across 30 patients without structural abnormalities. Primary outcomes included IM isthmus diameter, isthmus location, metacarpal cascade, and head entry point collinear with IM canal. Measurements were compared with a list of commercially available headless screws used for IM fixation. Results: The average largest isthmus diameter was in the small metacarpal (3.4 mm), followed by the index (2.8 mm), long (2.7 mm), and ring (2.7 mm) metacarpals. The average cascade angle between long and index, long and ring, and long and small metacarpals was 0°, 24°, and 27°, respectively. The appropriate head entry point ranged between 25% and 35% from the dorsal surface of the metacarpal head on a LAT view. The retrograde isthmus location of the index and long finger was 39.2 and 38.1 mm, respectively. Twenty-five screws from 7 manufacturers were analyzed with sizes ranging from 1.7 to 4.5 mm. Only 8 of 17 screws between 2.3 and 3.5 mm had a length range above 35 mm. Conclusions: Metacarpal head entry point and cascade angle can help identify the appropriate reduction with the guide pin starting point in the dorsal 25% to 35% of the metacarpal head. Surgeons should be mindful to choose the appropriate fixation system in light of the variations between metacarpal isthmus size, isthmus location, and available screw lengths.

Prospective Randomized Study Examining Preoperative Opioid Counseling on Postoperative Opioid Consumption after Upper Extremity Surgery.

Background: Rates of opioid addiction and overdose continue to climb in the United States, increasing pressure on prescribers to identify solutions to decrease postoperative opioid consumption. Hand and upper extremity surgeries are high-volume surgeries with a predilection for inadvertent overprescribing. Recent investigations have shown that preoperative opioid counseling may decrease postoperative opioid consumption. In order to test this hypothesis, a prospective randomized trial was undertaken to determine the effect of preoperative opioid counseling on postoperative opioid consumption. Methods: Eligible patients undergoing outpatient upper extremity surgery were randomized to either receive preoperative opioid counseling or to receive no counseling. Surgeons were blinded to their patient's counseling status. Preoperatively, patient demographics, surgical and prescription details were recorded. Postoperatively, patients' pain experience including opioid consumption, pain levels, and satisfaction was recorded. Results: There were 131 total patients enrolled, with 62 in the counseling group and 69 in the control group. Patients receiving counseling consumed 11.8 pills compared to 17.4 pills in the control group (P = .007), which translated to 93.7 Morphine Equivalent Units (MEU) in the counseling group compared to 143.2 MEU in the control group (P = .01). There was no difference in pain scores at any time point between groups. Among all study patients a total of 3767 opioid pills were prescribed with approximately 50% left unused. Conclusion: Patients receiving preoperative counseling consumed significantly fewer opioids postoperatively. Inadvertant overprescribing remains high. Routine use of preoperative counseling should be implemented along with prescribing fewer opioids overall to prevent overprescribing.

Radiographic Incidence and Functional Outcomes of Distal Radius Fractures Undergoing Volar Plate Fixation With Concomitant Scapholunate Widening: A Prospective Analysis.

Background: Scapholunate (SL) ligament injuries can occur concomitantly with distal radius fractures (DRFs), and the management of acute SL injury in the setting of DRFs remains controversial. The purpose of the study is to identify the radiographic incidence of SL widening in DRF treated with volar plate fixation and to determine the functional outcomes of DRF with concomitant radiographic SL-widening. Methods: One hundred and seventeen patients with DRFs, with and without radiographic SL-widening, and treated with volar locked plating, were prospectively enrolled. No SL ligament repairs or reconstructions were performed in any cases. Patients with DRFs with radiographic criteria for SL widening were compared to those without. Patients were evaluated at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively with Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaires. Results: Thirty-one patients (26.5%) were found to have radiographic evidence of SL widening. Patients with concomitant SL widening had less wrist extension at 3 months (52.4 degrees vs 60.8, P = .034) and at 1 year (64.5 degrees vs 71.8, P = .023). The group with SL widening had greater articular step off at 3 months (0.33 vs 0.06, P = .042), but no difference at 1 year (0.11 vs 0.05, P = .348). There were no differences in wrist flexion, supination, pronation, volar tilt, radial inclination, radial height, ulnar variance, PRWE scores, and Quick Dash scores at 3 months and 1 year. Conclusions: Radiographic SL-widening is a common finding associated with DRFs undergoing surgical repair. There are similar clinical outcomes between those with untreated SL widening compared to those without an SL widening at 1-year postoperatively.

How Patients Dispose of Unused Prescription Opioids: A Survey of over 300 Postoperative Patients.

Introduction Diversion of unused prescription opioids is a common source of opioid sensitization in the community. Educating patients about safe opioid use has been shown to be effective in decreasing opioid use. However, decreasing diversion will also require educating patients on proper opioid disposal. A survey was administered to better understand patients' habits with opioid disposal for opioids prescribed after orthopedic surgery. Methods A cross-sectional survey study of 469 patients who had undergone orthopedic surgery was conducted to learn their preferences and habits regarding the disposal of unused prescription opioids received after orthopedic surgery. Results The survey respondents consisted of 48.8% female and 51.2% male patients. Ninety-four point two percent (94.2%) of those receiving opioid prescriptions reported having leftover unused opioids. In terms of voluntary disposal, 68.8% claimed to dispose of their prescription opioids while 31.2% did not. Gender, but not age, had a significant effect on plans for opioid disposal and how seriously respondents viewed issues of opioid misuse. When asked their preferred location for prescription opioid disposal, the most common preference was a local pharmacy. Discussion This survey identified that most patients do not store their prescription opioids in a locked location, claim to dispose of their unused prescription opioids, and would prefer to dispose of them at a pharmacy if possible. This information points to the need for close prescriber-to-pharmacy collaboration to promote the safe disposal of prescription opioids and mitigate drug diversion.

Radiographic Healing and Functional Outcomes of Untreated Ulnar Styloid Fractures Following Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures: A Prospective Analysis.

Background: Ulnar styloid fractures (USFs) are common concomitant injuries associated with distal radius fractures (DRFs). Recent studies have found conflicting evidence on whether these fractures treated or untreated effect pain and functional outcomes. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate pain and function outcomes of consecutively untreated USFs in surgically repaired DRFs. The study hypothesis was that there would be no difference in outcomes whether an USF is present or not, with all cases left untreated. Methods: A prospective study at a single institution of consecutive DRF treated surgically with volar locked plating was undertaken. No patients underwent fixation of an USF if present. There were no treated USF that were excluded. Patients with associated ulnar neck and shaft fractures were excluded. Functional outcome measures were analyzed using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score (QDASH) and the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores. Outcome measures were collected at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively. Results: There was an incidence of 52.2% (n = 70/134) USF associated with surgically treated DRF. By location, there were 52.9% (n = 37/70) ulnar styloid tip fractures and 46.1% (33/70) ulnar styloid base. There were 75.7% of USF (53/70) still not healed by 1-year follow-up. When comparing patients with a DRF without an USF versus DRF with an associated USF at 12 months, there was no statistical difference in the QDASH score (6.7 vs 8.4, P = .47) or the PRWE total score (4.8 vs 7.5, P = .24). Similarly, subgroup analysis showed no statistical difference in QDASH or PRWE scores at final follow-up in united USF versus nonunited USF subjects (QDASH 14.2 vs 6.8, P = .112; PRWE 14.8 vs 5.4, P = .185). Conclusions: USFs are a common concomitant injury occurring in nearly half of DRFs treated surgically. Our prospective cohort analysis showed that neither the presence, type, nor bony union status of a concomitant USF has any significant effect on patient outcomes or reoperations at 1-year postoperatively. Our study confirms our hypothesis that USF of the tip and base should be left untreated.

A Prospective Evaluation of Postoperative Readmissions After Outpatient Hand and Upper Extremity Surgery.

Introduction Hand and upper extremity surgeries are largely performed in free-standing ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). Rates of unexpected hospitalizations or visits to the urgent care or emergency departments in the month following hand and upper extremity surgery have been widely varied in the literature. We prospectively followed patients after hand and upper extremity outpatient surgery to determine the rate of unplanned health care utilization with the hypothesis that hospital admissions, emergency room visits, and urgent care center visits would be higher than the rates currently reported by retrospective studies. Methods All patients undergoing outpatient hand and upper extremity surgery by five hand surgeons were prospectively followed to monitor for hospital readmissions, emergency room visits, and urgent care presentations. The patients' postoperative course was evaluated for direct transfers from the surgical center to the hospital. In addition, any urgent care or emergency room visits and hospital admissions for the first month after surgery were tabulated. Points of review of the patients' postoperative course included the following: (1) phone contact on the first postoperative day, (2) routine ASC postoperative phone calls two to three days postoperatively, (3) first postoperative office at approximately one to two weeks, and (4) phone contact or office evaluation one-month postoperatively based on surgeon preference for follow-up. Results A total of 583 patients were identified for participation, of whom 22 patients were excluded; thus, 561 patients were included for evaluation, with 47.2% women (n=265) and 52.8% men (n=296). The average age was 54 years (range: 14-102 years). Nine (1.6%) patients presented postoperatively for further evaluation at an urgent care or hospital (95% C.I. 0.8-3.1%). Five patients presented to an emergency room and four patients presented to an urgent care facility. Of those patients, two were admitted to the hospital due to shortness of breath (0.35%; 95% CI: -0.08 to 1.4%). Emergency room and urgent care visits that did not lead to admission accounted for 1.25% (95% CI: 0.6-2.6%). No patients were transferred from the ASC to the hospital or emergency room. Conclusion There was a low rate of postoperative utilization of urgent care and emergency room services with hand and upper extremity surgery performed at free-standing, ASCs. Hospital readmissions were rare, and no patients required transfer from an ambulatory care center to the hospital. Outpatient hand and upper extremity surgery is safe in an ambulatory care center, with low postoperative transfers and readmissions in the month following surgery.

An Evaluation of the Source and Content of Dupuytren's Disease Information Available on the Internet.

Introduction The internet continues to expand in both size and number of users, and patients are using the internet with increasing frequency to research orthopedic conditions and treatment options. Despite the prevalence of patients searching for medical information, the quality of the available information varies substantially. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and accuracy of the information available on the internet for Dupuytren's disease. We hypothesized that the informational content found on the internet regarding this condition would be of acceptable quality. Methods The search phrasing "'Dupuytren' OR 'Dupuytren's'" was used to mimic how patients would likely search for information on the disease. These terms were entered into the five English-language search engines with the most frequent use on the internet. On each search engine, the first 50 URLs were recorded, including sponsored sites. The 250 total sites were filtered to remove duplicate sites and URLs linking to other search engines, resulting in a final list of 84 websites for informational scoring. A previously published information evaluation protocol was used to grade each website. Each site was graded according to these guidelines by two authors and scored based on authorship, content, disease summary, treatment options, pathogenesis, complications, and results. A third author resolved any conflict on authorship or content before analysis. The resultant "informational value" is the sum of the disease summary, treatment options, pathogenesis, complications, and results and can range from 0-100.  Results The mean total information score for all sites was 47.5 out of 100 points. Forty-three (51.2%) of the websites evaluated were authored by a physician or academic institution, and thirty-four (40.5%) of the sites were commercial in nature. The final seven websites (8.3%) had nonphysician, unidentified, or lay authorship. Physician and academic institution authored websites had an average informational score of 55.5 out of 100 points, compared to 39.7 out of 100 for all other websites. This difference was statistically significant (p <0.01). The mean informational score for the 10 sponsored websites was 16.4 out of 100. Conclusion We concluded that internet information on Dupuytren's disease is of poor quality and incomplete. Academic and physician authored sites have higher quality than commercial sites, but significant room for improvement still exists. Patients should be advised to identify the authorship of the websites they obtain information from and avoid advertisements and commercial sites.

Predictive Factors for Return to Driving following Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fracture.

Background A common query by patients undergoing distal radius fracture (DRF) repair is when (s)he can resume driving postoperatively. A prospective cohort analysis was performed to assess fracture and patient factors on a patient's self-reported ability to return to driving to better inform patients and surgeons. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing DRF repair with locking volar plate were enrolled. Preoperative demographic and radiographic characteristics, and postoperative time to return to driving were collected. Data collected included age, sex, hand dominance, body mass index (BMI), level of education, concomitant ulnar fracture, fracture setting prior to surgery, and AO fracture classification. Results A total of 131 patients were enrolled (108 women, 23 men) with 36 AO type A, 22 AO type B, and 73 AO type C DRFs, with an average age of 59.5 years. Fracture severity by classification did not significantly affect time to return to driving. However, BMI, sex, and age were found to significantly affect time to return to driving. Patients aged 19 to 59 years, 60 to 75 years, and over 75 years returned to driving 13.1, 15.4, and 30.1 days following surgery, respectively ( p < 0.01). Classified by BMI, patients that were normal weight, overweight, and obese returned to driving 11.5, 13.1, and 21.0 days following surgery, respectively ( p < 0.05). Men returned to driving 8.8 days and women 17.3 days postoperatively ( p = 0.001). Conclusion Patients severity of fracture as determined by AO fracture type did not affect time to driving, while increased BMI, female sex, and increased age were found to be significant factors in patients' return to driving time after distal radius fracture repair. Level of Evidence This is a Level II, prospective cohort study.

Splinting after Distal Radius Fracture Fixation: A Prospective Cohort Analysis of Postoperative Plaster Splint versus Soft Dressing.

Background The effect of postoperative dressing and splinting after distal radius fracture (DRF) open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) is not well understood. A prospective cohort analysis was performed to assess differences in functional and radiographic outcomes with the use of plaster splinting or soft dressing following DRF ORIF. Methods All patients undergoing DRF ORIF with locking volar plates were consecutively enrolled. Preoperative demographic and postoperative radiographic and functional outcome data were collected at 2 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Functional data included range of motion (ROM), pain on visual analog scale (VAS), Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), and quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores. Radiographic data included loss of fracture reduction. Results A total of 139 patients were enrolled (79 plaster splinting, 60 soft dressing). By the first postoperative visit (POV), there was one case of loss of reduction with plaster splinting and one case with soft dressing with no hardware failure or revision surgery in either group, and no difference in DASH, PRWE, or VAS pain scores. By the final POV, the soft dressing group showed greater ROM in extension by 9.6, flexion by 10.9, and supination by 4.8 degrees over plaster splinting. Additionally, the soft dressing group demonstrated statistically significant improvement in PRWE and DASH scores, as well as VAS pain scores as compared with plaster splinting. Conclusions Applying only soft dressing following DRF ORIF demonstrated improvements in ROM, VAS, and functional outcomes by final follow-up, with no significant differences in radiographic outcomes. No benefit of applying a plaster splint was identified.