Distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes detected by routine pap smear in Uyghur-Muslim women from Karasay Township Hotan (Xinjiang, China).

HPV infection is an important public health problem in developing countries. We investigated HPV genotypes in the Uyghur female population of Karasay Township, Hotan region. A population-based cervical cancer screening was conducted for 4,500 women in Karasay Township, Xinjiang Hotan, China. A total of 900 women were selected by systematic sampling with a 5:1 proportion (ages 20-69). The subjects completed a questionnaire and consented to HPV typing and Pap smear examination. Colposcopic biopsies were performed for patients with cytological abnormalities (≥ ASCUS). A total of 117 of the 900 women (13%) assessed were infected with HPV. The most common subtype was HPV-16, and other common high-risk types included HPV-58 and HPV-39. A total of 40 women (4.44%) were identified with abnormal cytology (≥ ASCUS) by Pap smear. A significant link was found between HPV prevalence and cytological diagnosis. The HPV infection rates for the patients with cervical inflammation, CIN, and cancer were 18.18%, 64.71%, and 100%, respectively. Significant differences in HPV infection rates were found among the patients with the three groups of pathological results. In Karasay, the HPV infection rate in Uyghur women is lower than previously reported; however, the proportion infected with HR-HPV is higher. HPV-16, HPV-58, and HPV-39 are the most prevalent genotypes.

Anti-carcinogenic effects of the phenolic-rich extract from abnormal Savda Munziq in association with its cytotoxicity, apoptosis-inducing properties and telomerase activity in human cervical cancer cells (SiHa).

BACKGROUND: Abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq) is a herbal preparation used in Traditional Uighur Medicine for the treatment cancer. The polyphenol is main compounds contained in ASMq preparation responsible for anticancer effect of ASMq. METHODS: In this study,Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) assay, MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to investigate the effect of polyphenol of ASMq on cell viability and the potential of the phenolic rich extracts of ASMq to induce apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells SiHa and its effects on telomerase activity were investigated. Cellular morphological change was observed by phase contrast microscopy. The MTT cell viability data revealed that treatment with phenolic rich extracts at 75 ~ 175 µg/ml significantly inhibited the viability and proliferation of cells, and these effects occurred in a concentration-dependent manner and time dependent manner (P < 0.01). RESULTS: The phenolic rich extracts can induce apoptosis of SiHa cells, can increase the apoptosis rate in a concentration-dependent manner and time dependent manner (P < 0.01). Growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by phenolic rich extracts treatment on SiHa cells was associated with down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression and telomerase (P < 0.05) and Survivin expression. In addition, phenolic rich extracts exerted a dose-dependent induction of FHIT expression. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that phenolic rich extracts may have anti-tumor effects in human cervical cancer through cytotoxicity, apoptosis-inducing properties and telomerase activity.

The association of a distinct plasma proteomic profile with the cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of Uyghur women: a 2D liquid-phase chromatography/mass spectrometry study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify plasma protein biomarkers of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) of Uyghur women by proteomics approach. METHODS: Plasma protein samples of Uyghur women with HSIL and chronic cervicitis were analyzed with 2D HPLC followed by detection of target proteins with Linear Trap Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (LTQ MS/MS). RESULTS: We detected three upregulated and one downregulated protein peaks representing protein constituents distinguishing HSIL from controls by 2D HPLC, identified 31 target proteins by LTQ MS/MS. Further confirmed analysis with online software IPA® 8.7 and ELISA assay showed APOA1 and mTOR as potential biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: A distinct plasma proteomic profile may be associated with HSIL of Uyghur women.

Inositol monophosphatase 2 promotes epithelial ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Ovarian cancer is the third most common malignancy in the gynecological reproductive system. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) represents one of the most common subtypes of ovarian cancer. Once diagnosed, the treatment strategies for EOC are limited, and the prognosis is often poor. Recently, inositol monophosphatase 2 (IMPA2) was found to act as an oncogene in cancer development. However, the role of IMPA2 in EOC is unclear. In the present study, the role of IMPA2 in EOC development was assessed through numerous experiments, including knockdown and MTT assays; multiparametric high-content screening; colony formation, apoptosis and Transwell assays, and a xenografted mouse model. IMPA2 was shown to be critical for EOC cell proliferation, growth, migration and tumorigenesis. In addition, experiments showed that knockdown of IMPA2 expression significantly suppressed proliferation and colony formation in the ES-2 and SKOV3 cell lines in vitro. IMPA2 knockdown also suppressed the migration and invasion of the EOC cell lines, and apoptosis was induced. In vivo, IMPA2 knockdown reduced the tumorigenesis of the EOC cells. Mechanistically, IMPA2 knockdown suppressed the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Collectively, the results from the present study demonstrated that IMPA2 may be a novel oncogene in EOC cells via regulation of the AKT/mTOR pathway and EMT.

Serum carotenoid, retinol and tocopherol concentrations and risk of cervical cancer among Chinese women.

BACKGROUND: Despite many epidemiological studies on the effects of dietary antioxidant micronutrients on risk of cervical cancer, the findings remain uncertain and little evidence is available for serum nutrient markers. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between serum carotenoid, retinol and tocopherol concentrations and risk of cervical cancer among Chinese women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a hospital-based case- control study in which 358 adults (158 incident cases and 200 controls) were recruited from Xinjiang, China. Serum levels of carotenoids (α-carotene, ß-carotene, ß-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and lutein/zeaxanthin), retinol, and tocopherols (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol) were assessed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: We found inverse associations between serum carotenoid (α-carotene, ß-carotene, and lutein/zeaxanthin) and tocopherol (α-tocopherol) concentrations and the risk of cervical cancer after adjusting for potential confounders, but a null association for retinol. The ORs for 1-SD increase were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.56- 0.92; p=0.003) for total carotenoids and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60-0.94; p=0.008) for total tocopherols. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that higher serum concentrations of some carotenoids and tocopherols are associated with a lower risk of cervical cancer among Chinese women.

Mechanisms of hela cell apoptosis induced by abnormal Savda Munziq total phenolics combined with chemotherapeutic agents.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of abnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq) total phenolics combined with cisplatin and docetaxel on the Hela cell growth. METHODS: In vivo cultured Hela cells were treated with cisplatin, docetaxel, total phenolics, cisplatin+total phenolics or docetaxel+total phenolics. MTT was performed to assess inhibition of cell proliferation, flow cytometry to detect apoptosis, and semi-quantitative RT-PCR to test for survivin and Bcl-2 expression. RESULTS: The total phenolics, cisplatin and docetaxel had significant inhibitory and apoptosis-promoting effects on Hela cells (P<0.05), with the early apoptotic rates of 12.8±0.70%, 18.9±3.79% and 15.8±3.8)%; the total phenolics, cisplatin and docetaxel significantly decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and survivin (all P<0.01), especially when used in combination. CONCLUSION: ASMq total phenolics, combined with cisplatin and docetaxel, could promote the apoptosis of Hela cells possibly through reducing the expression of Bcl-2 and survivin.

[Study on the distribution of HPV subtypes in Uighur people living in the Karsay township, Moyu county, Xinjiang].

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of human papilloma virus (HPV) subtypes in Uyghur people from the high risk region of cervical cancer in Xinjiang. METHODS: 21 subtypes of HPV from 400 cases of men's swabs of penile and 400 cases of women's cervix swabs were detected, using flow-through hybridization and gene chip technology. RESULTS: (1) The positive rate of HPV among the 400 women cases was 14.25%, with HPV16 the most common type. In women whose HPV was positive, the positive rate of HPV16 was 66.67%. The ranking of frequencies on the HPV subtypes in women were:HPV16, 58, 39, 18, 33, 52, 43, 66, CP8304, HPV6 and 11. (2) Among the 400 male cases, the positive rate of HPV was 8.00%, with HPV16 the most common type. In men whose HPV was positive, the rate of HPV16 was 44.44%. The ranking of HPV subtypes in men were HPV16, 43, 33, 39, 6 (HPV39 and 6 are equivalent) and 53. (3) Both wives and husbands were infected by different subtypes of HPV, the positive rate was relatively low among men whose wife's HPV were positive. However, the HPV positive rate was relatively low among women whose husband's HPV were positive. The concordance infection rate of women and men were 7.02% and the concordance infection rate of men and women were 9.38%. CONCLUSION: The HPV positive rates were relatively low in both men and women living in the region with high risk of cervical cancer in Xinjiang. However, the positive rate of high risk types HPV and HPV16 in both men and women were relatively high. Uyghur men seemed to have played a certain role related to the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. HPV16 was the main type in both men and women in Xinjiang.