Bronchial Infection and Temporal Evolution of Bronchiectasis in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis (BE) impact the clinical course and prognosis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Yet, the temporal evolution of BE in these patients is unknown. This study seeks to assess the temporal evolution of BE in persons with COPD. METHODS: 201 moderate-to-severe patients were recruited between 2004 and 2007 and followed up at least every 6 monts (median of 102 months). To investigate the temporal evolution of BE, in 2015 a second high-resolution computed tomography scan (HRCT) was obtained in survivors and compared with the one obtained at recruitment. RESULTS: 99 (49.3%) died during follow-up. The second HRCT could be obtained in 77 patients and showed that (1) in 27.3% of patients BE never developed, in 36.4% they remained stable, in 16.9% they increased in size and/or extension, and in 19.5% new BE emerged; and that (2) the presence of chronic purulent sputum (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.3-5.8]), number of hospitalizations due to exacerbatons (HR, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1-1.5]), and number of pathogenic microorganism (PPM) isolations (HR, 1.1 [95% CI, 1.02-1.3]) were independent risk factors for the progression or development of BE. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of chronic purulent sputum production, number of PPMs isolated in sputum, and number of hospitalizations due to exacerbations of COPD are independent risk factors of BE progression in patients with COPD.

Suspected ureteral colic: plain film and sonography vs unenhanced helical CT. A prospective study in 66 patients.

The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of plain abdominal films plus ultrasound, vs nonenhanced CT for the diagnosis of ureteral colic in patients with acute flank pain. During a 4-month period, 66 patients (mean age 48 years) with acute flank pain were prospectively studied by means of plain abdominal film, US, and unenhanced CT. The presence of lithiasis and of obstructive uropathy signs were determined. The plain film was only used as a guide for the US exam. Clinical follow-up of all patients was obtained. Ureteral lithiasis was confirmed in 56 patients. The CT had a greater sensitivity (93 vs 79%) and negative predictive value (71 vs 46%) for the detection of lithiasis. The combination of lithiasis plus obstructive signs showed a sensitivity and a specificity of 100% for CT and of 100 and 90%, respectively, for US. The 11 lithiasis not detected by US were passed spontaneously (10 were <5 mm). Both techniques showed similar extraurinary pathology. Computed tomography is the most accurate technique for the detection of ureteral lithiasis; however, the combination of plain film and US is an alternative to nonenhanced CT with a lower sensitivity and radiation dose that has a good practical value.

The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis, management and evolutive prognosis of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis: a review of 208 patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of acute diverticulitis and its capacity to predict posterior complications in patients undergoing medical treatment. A review was made of the histories of 208 hospitalized patients (262 admissions) initially diagnosed with acute diverticulitis over a 5-year period. Ultrasound was performed in all patients upon first admission. Diverticulitis was retrospectively classified as either simple or complicated, the latter being defined by the presence of extraluminal air and/or abscesses. Diverticulitis was finally diagnosed in 203 patients. Ultrasound exhibited a sensitivity of 86% in 77 cases subjected to surgery, and of 94% in the global 203 patients (192 true-positive and 11 false-negative findings). Of 34 patients with diverticulitis and emergency surgery, 10 had false-negative US exams. Twenty of the 73 cases (27%) with signs of complicated diverticulitis in the initial ultrasound study required emergency surgery, compared with only 4 of the 119 patients (3%) with US evidence of simple diverticulitis (p<0.001). Of the 169 patients with diverticulitis undergoing conservative management, 54 (32%) developed complications during follow-up. The patients under age 50 years with signs of complicated diverticulitis suffered more complications (65%) than the rest of groups (p<0.001). In subjects with recurrences (26%), these were either similar to or less than the first episode in 84% of the cases. The present study shows that ultrasound constitutes a feasible technique for diagnosing acute diverticulitis. The severity of diverticulitis according to US is statistically predictive of surgical risk during the acute phase. Severity is also related to the appearance of posterior complications in patients undergoing conservative management, although only in younger patients (<50 years).