Investigating the role of tumour-to-skin proximity in predicting nodal metastasis in breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the factors influencing nodal status in breast cancer is vital for axillary staging, therapy, and patient survival. The nodal stage remains a crucial factor in prognostication indices. This study investigates the relationship between tumour-to-skin distance (in T1-T3 tumours where the skin is not clinically involved) and the risk of nodal metastasis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data from 100 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Besides patient demographics and tumour variables, a radiologist retrospectively reviewed pre-operative MRI to measure tumour-to-skin distance. R core packages were used for univariate (χ2 and T-Wilcoxon tests) and bivariate logistic regression statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of 95 analysable datasets, patients' median age was 51 years (IQR: 42-61), 97% were symptomatic (rest screen detected), and the median tumour size was 43 mm (IQR, 26-52). On multivariate analysis, increasing invasive tumour size (p = 0.02), ER positivity (p = 0.007) and shorter tumour-to-skin distance (p = 0.05) correlated with nodal metastasis.  HER2 was not included in multivariate analysis as there was no association with nodal status on univariate analysis. In node-positive tumours, as tumour size increased, the tumour-to-skin distance decreased (r = - 0.34, p = 0.026). In node-negative tumours, there was no correlation (r = + 0.18, p = 0.23). CONCLUSION: This study shows that non-locally advanced cancers closer to the skin (and consequent proximity to subdermal lymphatics) are associated with a greater risk of nodal metastasis. Pre-operative identification of those more likely to be node positive may suggest the need for a second-look USS since a higher nodal stage may lead to a change in therapeutic strategies, such as upfront systemic therapy, node marking, and axillary clearance without the need to return to theatre following sentinel node biopsy.

Emergence of a compositional neural code for written words: Recycling of a convolutional neural network for reading.

The visual word form area (VWFA) is a region of human inferotemporal cortex that emerges at a fixed location in the occipitotemporal cortex during reading acquisition and systematically responds to written words in literate individuals. According to the neuronal recycling hypothesis, this region arises through the repurposing, for letter recognition, of a subpart of the ventral visual pathway initially involved in face and object recognition. Furthermore, according to the biased connectivity hypothesis, its reproducible localization is due to preexisting connections from this subregion to areas involved in spoken-language processing. Here, we evaluate those hypotheses in an explicit computational model. We trained a deep convolutional neural network of the ventral visual pathway, first to categorize pictures and then to recognize written words invariantly for case, font, and size. We show that the model can account for many properties of the VWFA, particularly when a subset of units possesses a biased connectivity to word output units. The network develops a sparse, invariant representation of written words, based on a restricted set of reading-selective units. Their activation mimics several properties of the VWFA, and their lesioning causes a reading-specific deficit. The model predicts that, in literate brains, written words are encoded by a compositional neural code with neurons tuned either to individual letters and their ordinal position relative to word start or word ending or to pairs of letters (bigrams).

Exploring the outer limits of polyplexes.

Histidine-containing polymers show promise in their transport of nucleic acids in vitro and in vivo. In addition to the pH-buffering histidine component, the polymer often contains a protonated component at physiological pH, such as lysine. These polyplexes usually accumulate in the tumor by enhanced permeability and retention, which has proved disappointing in clinical trials. We presently compare two histidine-lysine (HK) peptide polyplexes for their neuropilin-1-mediated transport of plasmids in vivo. While the polymerized HK (H2KC-48) polyplex was markedly better than the monomeric HK (H2K) polyplex in vitro, both HK polyplexes were effective in transfecting tumor xenografts over a wide range of peptide and plasmid ratios. Nevertheless, polyplexes of low peptide/DNA ratios gave higher tumor transfection and specificity than those of higher ratios. Surprisingly, there was minimal to no gel retardation of polyplexes made from these low ratios during electrophoresis. These results demonstrate that loosely packed HK polyplexes effectively transfected tumors in vivo.

Robust Quantum Memory in a Trapped-Ion Quantum Network Node.

We integrate a long-lived memory qubit into a mixed-species trapped-ion quantum network node. Ion-photon entanglement first generated with a network qubit in ^{88}Sr^{+} is transferred to ^{43}Ca^{+} with 0.977(7) fidelity, and mapped to a robust memory qubit. We then entangle the network qubit with a second photon, without affecting the memory qubit. We perform quantum state tomography to show that the fidelity of ion-photon entanglement decays ∼70 times slower on the memory qubit. Dynamical decoupling further extends the storage duration; we measure an ion-photon entanglement fidelity of 0.81(4) after 10 s.

Quantitative assessment of oil palm pollen after 23 years of cryobanking.

Cryopreservation of pollen grains is an effective means of conserving desired germplasm of crop plants. Cryoconserved pollen are expected to be long-lived and thus can be suitably retrieved to overcome hybridization constraints imposed by a variety of reasons. We ascertained the performance of oil palm pollen grains (Tenera hybrids) that were cryobanked 23 years ago using liquid nitrogen (-196 degree C). Cryostored pollen were assessed for viability, in-vitro germinability and vigour. Our analysis showed a marginal decline in viability, assessed through fluorochromatic reaction test, of cryopreserved pollen as compared to fresh ones (pre-storage assessment); however, the viability did not decline in the cryostate since it was last tested 15 years back. On the other hand, germinability and vigour of cryopreserved pollen were maintained to the levels of fresh pollen. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates the amenability of pollen grains for cryopreservation of any plant species beyond a period of two decades in general, and that for oil palm in particular. doi.org/10.54680/fr23110110512.

Cryoconservation of in vitro grown shoot tips of Cicer microphyllum: A crop wild relative of chickpea.

BACKGROUND: Cicer microphyllum Benth. is a crop wild relative (CWR) of chickpea (C. arietinum L.), that possess useful genes for cold and drought tolerance. The species is being conserved in the In Vitro Active Genebank for short- to medium-term conservation. Cryopreservation would be a useful complementary approach for its long-term conservation. OBJECTIVE: The current work aimed to develop an efficient cryoconservation protocol for cryobanking of C. microphyllum shoot tips. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro shoot tips excised from 4-month old shoot cultures grown on B5 + 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L NAA + 10 mg/L AgNO3 medium were cryoconserved using a droplet-vitrification technique. Post-thaw regrowth was evaluated after: (i) preculture medium (B5 basal, B5 + 3, 4, 6 and 10% sucrose), (ii) preculture incubation temperature (25 ± 2, 10, 8 and 22/5 degree C), (iii) PVS2 duration (10, 20, 30. 40, 50 and 60 min) and (iv) regrowth medium (B5) supplemented with 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 NAA mg/L; 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L NAA + 10 mg/L AgNO3; 0.2 mg/L BAP + 10 mg/L AgNO3; 0.2 mg/L BAP + 20 mg/L AgNO3 and 0.2 mg/L BAP + 30 mg/L AgNO3. RESULTS: In vitro shoot tips grown on B5 + 0.5 mg/L KIN + 0.1 mg/L NAA + 10 mg/L AgNO3, precultured on B5 + 6% sucrose at 10 degree C for 3 days, followed by PVS2 treatment for 20 min, unloading solution for 60 min and regrowth on B5 + 0.2 mg/L BAP + 20 mg/L AgNO3 resulted in highest survival (57%) and regrowth (40%) after cryoconservation. CONCLUSION: The standardized protocol was successfully used for cryobanking of in vitro shoot tips of C. microphyllum in the In Vitro Base Genebank of ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi. Doi.org/10.54680/fr23610110412.

Distribution and concentration pathway of particulate pollution during pandemic-induced lockdown in metropolitan cities in India.

To characterize the pollutant dispersal across major metropolitan cities in India, daily particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) data for the study areas were collected from the National Air Quality Monitoring stations database provided by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. The data were analysed for three temporal ranges, i.e. before the pandemic-induced lockdown, during the lockdown, and after the upliftment of lockdown restrictions. For the purpose, the time scale ranged from 1st April to 31st May for the years 2019 (pre), 2020, and 2021 (post). Statistical distributions (lognormal, Weibull, and Gamma), aerosol optical thickness, and back trajectories were assessed for all three time periods. Most cities followed the lognormal distribution for PM2.5 during the lockdown period except Mumbai and Hyderabad. For PM10, all the regions followed the lognormal distribution. Delhi and Kolkata observed a maximum decline in particulate pollution of 41% and 52% for PM2.5 and 49% and 53% for PM10, respectively. Air mass back trajectory suggests local transmission of air mass during the lockdown period, and an undeniable decline in aerosol optical thickness was observed from the MODIS sensor. It can be concluded that statistical distribution analysis coupled with pollution models can be a counterpart in studying the dispersal and developing pollution abatement policies for specific sites. Moreover, incorporating remote sensing in pollution study can enhance the knowledge about the origin and movement of air parcels and can be helpful in taking decisions beforehand.

When to stop? Mammographic surveillance in breast cancer survivors aged 70 years and older.

AIM: To assess the rates of breast cancer detected in postoperative surveillance mammograms in women >70 Years and overall mortality in this age group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred and ninety-eight patients were identified retrospectively from a database from a single large UK hospital. Patients were included in the study if they were female, aged >70 years at diagnosis of either invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), had surgical treatment between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014, and no previous diagnosis of breast cancer. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel, using the X2 test, with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean age of women included in this study was 77 years. The mean number of postoperative surveillance mammograms performed per patient was 4.2. In the 5-year follow-up, there was a local recurrence rate of 1.9% (n=6) and a contralateral breast cancer rate of 1% (n=6). The 5-year overall mortality rate was 17.7% (n=88), and the 5-year breast cancer-specific mortality rate was 7.2% (n=36). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated low local recurrence and contralateral breast cancer rates during the 5-year follow-up period. Clear discussions therefore need to be held with older patients about the value of postoperative mammographic surveillance. Further research is required regarding patient opinion and experience to help develop more consistent guidelines.

Search for Invisible Axion Dark Matter in the 3.3-4.2 µeV Mass Range.

We report the results from a haloscope search for axion dark matter in the 3.3-4.2 µeV mass range. This search excludes the axion-photon coupling predicted by one of the benchmark models of "invisible" axion dark matter, the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov model. This sensitivity is achieved using a large-volume cavity, a superconducting magnet, an ultra low noise Josephson parametric amplifier, and sub-Kelvin temperatures. The validity of our detection procedure is ensured by injecting and detecting blind synthetic axion signals.

Cryopreservation of pollen of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. subsp. moschatus as an aid to overcome asynchronous flowering for wide hybridization with cultivated Okra [A. esculentus (L.) Moench].

BACKGROUND: Asynchronous flowering is one of the major constraints for hybridization between Abelmoschus moschatus subsp. moschatus, a wild species closely related to cultivated okra [A. esculentus (L.) Moench]. Availability of viable pollen is a prerequisite to facilitate breeding in these species. OBJECTIVES: Pollen cryopreservation was attempted in A. moschatus subsp. moschatus, to overcome the asynchronous flowering barrier during wide hybridization with A. esculentus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Viability of fresh pollen of A. moschatus subsp. moschatus was assessed using acetocarmine and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test and in vitro germination by sitting drop culture method. Pollen of 10 accessions were stored at four temperatures (25, 4, -20 and -196 degree C), in the dark and periodically monitored for viability. The standardized cryopreservation protocol was applied to 24 accessions of A. moschatus subsp. moschatus over three months. In vivo pollen germination of 24 accessions of cryopreserved pollen and its efficacy on fertilizing A. esculentus cv 'Pusa Sawani' were recorded and pollen was utilized for hybridization with A. esculentus. RESULTS: Brewbaker and Kwack medium with 15% sucrose was optimal for in vitro pollen germination. Pollen viability assessed by in vitro germination (60-90 %) was more reliable compared to acetocarmine (90-99 %) and TTC (85-99 %) staining tests. Significant negative correlation was found between pollen germination, storage time and temperature (25, 4 and -20 degree C) in all the accessions. Cryopreserved (-196 degree C) pollen showed significantly higher viability compared to all the other storage conditions, without viability loss. Successful pollination, fruit and seed set was observed in four out of 24 cross combinations attempted. CONCLUSION: The cryopreservation of pollen of A. moschatus subsp. moschatus and its fertilizing ability offers great potential for a successful wide hybridization programme in okra.

Extended Search for the Invisible Axion with the Axion Dark Matter Experiment.

This Letter reports on a cavity haloscope search for dark matter axions in the Galactic halo in the mass range 2.81-3.31 µeV. This search utilizes the combination of a low-noise Josephson parametric amplifier and a large-cavity haloscope to achieve unprecedented sensitivity across this mass range. This search excludes the full range of axion-photon coupling values predicted in benchmark models of the invisible axion that solve the strong CP problem of quantum chromodynamics.

Valorisation of waste galvanizing dross: Emphasis on recovery of zinc with zero effluent strategy.

Galvanizing dross-a waste product from steel industries but it can be a potential secondary resource for zinc through urban mining and recycling. In this concern, a novel and scalable recycling route with zero effluent strategy is developed for the recovery of zinc from galvanizing dross as high grade zinc salts along with value-added products through hydrometallurgical processing. In particular, as-such dross block was leached in 9% (v/v) sulphuric acid medium, wherein strong hydrogen gas effervescence results in alleviating the pulverization and stirring requirements; which are material and energy intensive. Leached zinc is purified and recovered as high purity ZnSO4.(H2O/7H2O) and Zn3(PO4)2.4H2O through controlled crystallization and phosphate precipitation respectively; which find application in fertilizers and anti-corrosive paints. Temperature difference method was opted for the crystallization of zinc sulfate salts, wherein 70 °C and 30 °C were found to be stability range of crystallization of ZnSO4.H2O and ZnSO4.7H2O respectively. ZnSO4-H2O phase diagram is developed using Factsage calculations to corroborate crystallization study. Moreover, exhaustive thermodynamic analysis of Zn2+-PO43--H2O system at 303 K on precipitation of zinc phosphate using di-ammonium hydrogen phosphate (80-240 g/L) is conducted and the results reveal that with increasing pH (3-6), intermediate hydrogen phosphate species (H3PO4, H2PO4- and H2PO42-) decompose to produce stable PO43- ions leading to zinc phosphate precipitation. Impurity like Iron and supernatant solution left after crystallization are recovered as hydrated iron-calcium sulfate mixture and ammonium sulfate salt respectively. This explored route is economical and easily adaptable with zero effluents, therefore, transcends serious challenges in terms of energy requirement, scale-up and effluent generation.

Gamma-irradiation-induced micro-structural variations in flame-retardant polyurethane foam using synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography.

Flame-retardant polyurethane foams are potential packing materials for the transport casks of highly active nuclear materials for shock absorption and insulation purposes. Exposure of high doses of gamma radiation causes cross-linking and chain sectioning of macromolecules in this polymer foam, which leads to reorganization of their cellular microstructure and thereby variations in physico-mechanical properties. In this study, in-house-developed flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foam samples were exposed to gamma irradiation doses in the 0-20 kGy range and synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-computed tomography (SR-µCT) imaging was employed for the analysis of radiation-induced morphological variations in their cellular microstructure. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of SR-µCT images has revealed significant variations in the average cell size, shape, wall thickness, orientations and spatial anisotropy of the cellular microstructure in polyurethane foam.

High fructose-induced metabolic changes enhance inflammation in human dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical antigen-presenting cells which are the initiators and regulators of the immune response. Numerous studies support the idea that dietary sugars influence DC functions. Increased consumption of fructose has been thought to be the leading cause of metabolic disorders. Although evidence supports their association with immune dysfunction, the specific mechanisms are not well understood. Fructose is one of the main dietary sugars in our diet. Therefore, here we compared the effect of fructose and glucose on the functions of human DCs. High levels of D-fructose compared to D-glucose led to activation of DCs in vitro by promoting interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1ß production. Moreover, fructose exposed DCs also induced interferon (IFN)-γ secretion from T cells. Proinflammatory response of DCs in high fructose environment was found to be independent of the major known metabolic regulators or glycolytic control. Instead, DC activation on acute exposure to fructose was via activation of receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) in response to increased accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE). However, chronic exposure of DCs to high fructose environment induced a shift towards glycolysis compared to glucose cultured DCs. Further investigations revealed that the AGEs formed by fructose induced increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in DCs compared to AGEs from glucose. In summary, understanding the link between metabolic changes and fructose-induced DC activation compared to glucose has broad implications for immune dysfunction associated with metabolic disorders.

A phase 1 trial of Vorinostat in combination with concurrent chemoradiation therapy in the treatment of advanced staged head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose Vorinostat is a potent HDAC inhibitor that sensitizes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to cytotoxic therapy while sparing normal epithelium. The primary objective of this Phase I study was to determine the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) and safety of Vorinostat in combination with standard chemoradiation therapy treatment in HNSCC. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had pathologically confirmed Stage III, IVa, IVb HNSCC, that was unresectable or borderline resectable involving the larynx, hypopharynx, nasopharynx, and oropharynx. Vorinostat was administered at the assigned dosage level (100-400 mg, three times weekly) in a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation design. Vorinostat therapy began 1 week prior to initiation of standard, concurrent chemoradiation therapy and continued during the entire course of therapy. Results Twenty six patients met eligibility criteria and completed the entire protocol. The primary tumor sites included tonsil (12), base of tongue (9), posterior pharyngeal wall (1), larynx (4) and hypopharynx (3). Of the 26 patients, 17 were HPV-positive and 9 were HPV-negative. The MTD of Vorinostat was 300 mg administered every other day. Anemia (n = 23/26) and leukopenia (n = 20/26) were the most commonly identified toxicities. The most common Grade3/4 events included leukopenia (n = 11) and lymphopenia (n = 17). No patient had Grade IV mucositis, dermatitis or xerostomia. The median follow time was 33.8 months (range 1.6-82.9 months). Twenty four of 26 (96.2%) patients had a complete response to therapy. Conclusion Vorinostat in combination with concurrent chemoradiation therapy is a safe and highly effective treatment regimen in HNSCC. There was a high rate of complete response to therapy with toxicity rates comparable, if not favorable to existing therapies. Further investigation in Phase II and III trials is strongly recommended.

Genetic influences on eight psychiatric disorders based on family data of 4 408 646 full and half-siblings, and genetic data of 333 748 cases and controls.

BACKGROUND: Most studies underline the contribution of heritable factors for psychiatric disorders. However, heritability estimates depend on the population under study, diagnostic instruments, and study designs that each has its inherent assumptions, strengths, and biases. We aim to test the homogeneity in heritability estimates between two powerful, and state of the art study designs for eight psychiatric disorders. METHODS: We assessed heritability based on data of Swedish siblings (N = 4 408 646 full and maternal half-siblings), and based on summary data of eight samples with measured genotypes (N = 125 533 cases and 208 215 controls). All data were based on standard diagnostic criteria. Eight psychiatric disorders were studied: (1) alcohol dependence (AD), (2) anorexia nervosa, (3) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), (4) autism spectrum disorder, (5) bipolar disorder, (6) major depressive disorder, (7) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and (8) schizophrenia. RESULTS: Heritability estimates from sibling data varied from 0.30 for Major Depression to 0.80 for ADHD. The estimates based on the measured genotypes were lower, ranging from 0.10 for AD to 0.28 for OCD, but were significant, and correlated positively (0.19) with national sibling-based estimates. When removing OCD from the data the correlation increased to 0.50. CONCLUSIONS: Given the unique character of each study design, the convergent findings for these eight psychiatric conditions suggest that heritability estimates are robust across different methods. The findings also highlight large differences in genetic and environmental influences between psychiatric disorders, providing future directions for etiological psychiatric research.

Genome-wide association study identifies a novel locus for cannabis dependence.

Despite moderate heritability, only one study has identified genome-wide significant loci for cannabis-related phenotypes. We conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association study data on 2080 cannabis-dependent cases and 6435 cannabis-exposed controls of European descent. A cluster of correlated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a novel region on chromosome 10 was genome-wide significant (lowest P=1.3E-8). Among the SNPs, rs1409568 showed enrichment for H3K4me1 and H3K427ac marks, suggesting its role as an enhancer in addiction-relevant brain regions, such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the angular and cingulate gyri. This SNP is also predicted to modify binding scores for several transcription factors. We found modest evidence for replication for rs1409568 in an independent cohort of African American (896 cases and 1591 controls; P=0.03) but not European American (EA; 781 cases and 1905 controls) participants. The combined meta-analysis (3757 cases and 9931 controls) indicated trend-level significance for rs1409568 (P=2.85E-7). No genome-wide significant loci emerged for cannabis dependence criterion count (n=8050). There was also evidence that the minor allele of rs1409568 was associated with a 2.1% increase in right hippocampal volume in an independent sample of 430 EA college students (fwe-P=0.008). The identification and characterization of genome-wide significant loci for cannabis dependence is among the first steps toward understanding the biological contributions to the etiology of this psychiatric disorder, which appears to be rising in some developed nations.

Brain SPECT scans in students with specific learning disability: Preliminary results.

Background and Objectives: Brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) assesses brain function through measurement of regional cerebral blood flow. This study was conducted to assess whether students with newly diagnosed specific learning disability (SpLD) show any abnormalities in cerebral cortex perfusion. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional single-arm pilot study in two tertiary care hospitals. Subjects and Methods: Nine students with SpLD were enrolled. Brain SPECT scan was done twice in each student. For the first or "baseline" scan, the student was first made to sit with eyes open in a quiet, dimly lit room for a period of 30-40 min and then injected intravenously with 20 mCi of 99mTc-ECD. An hour later, "baseline scan" was conducted. After a minimum gap of 4 days, a second or "test scan" was conducted, wherein the student performed an age-appropriate curriculum-based test for a period of 30-40 min to activate the areas in central nervous system related to learning before being injected with 20 mCi of 99mTc-ECD. Statistical Analysis Used: Cerebral cortex perfusion at rest and after activation in each student was compared qualitatively by visual analysis and quantitatively using NeuroGam™ software. Results: Visual analysis showed reduction in regional blood flow in temporoparietal areas in both "baseline" and "test" scans. However, when normalization was attempted and comparison done by Talairach analysis using NeuroGam software, no statistically significant change in regional perfusion in temporoparietal areas was appreciated. Conclusion: Brain SPECT scan may serve as a robust tool to identify changes in regional brain perfusion in students with SpLD.

Graded Epidural Anaesthesia for Lower Segment Cesarean in a Parturient with Very Low Ejection Fraction.

Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by left or biventricular dilatation with impaired ventricular contractility. It is associated with systolic dysfunction with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive progressive heart failure. Anaesthetic management of such condition is very challenging and requires highest level of expertise, strategy and precaution. We present such a case of dilated cardiomyopathy with a very low ejection fraction of 12% who underwent lower segment cesarean section under epidural anaesthesia with successful outcome.

Piezoelectrically Tuned Multimode Cavity Search for Axion Dark Matter.

The µeV axion is a well-motivated extension to the standard model. The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) collaboration seeks to discover this particle by looking for the resonant conversion of dark-matter axions to microwave photons in a strong magnetic field. In this Letter, we report results from a pathfinder experiment, the ADMX "Sidecar," which is designed to pave the way for future, higher mass, searches. This testbed experiment lives inside of and operates in tandem with the main ADMX experiment. The Sidecar experiment excludes masses in three widely spaced frequency ranges (4202-4249, 5086-5799, and 7173-7203 MHz). In addition, Sidecar demonstrates the successful use of a piezoelectric actuator for cavity tuning. Finally, this publication is the first to report data measured using both the TM_{010} and TM_{020} modes.