One-Pot Synthesis of CdTe/ZnS Quantum Dots and their Physico-Chemical Characterization.

A known property of quantum dots (QDs) is their characteristic luminescence, which would make it possible to detect different types of cancers after being functionalized with some type of biological molecule. For this reason, in the present investigation a methodological analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of the CdTe/ZnS core/shell QDs was carried out, using techniques such as Optical Absorbance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Molecular Fluorescence, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Zeta Potential that allowed to verify the photoluminescent effectiveness of these semiconductor nanocrystals as an alternative to conventional techniques currently used for the detection of specific cancers smaller than 1 cm. The study consisted of theoretically determining the bandgap energy, the size of the nanocrystals and the molar absorptivity from the wavelength value for the maximum intensity of the excitonic peak. It was also possible to verify the maximum intensity for each sample and thus evaluate its photoluminescent response, as well as it was possible to determine the charge distribution, the hydrodynamic size and the surface composition of each quantum dot. The results obtained correspond to what has been reported in the literature, which makes them good candidates for the detection of cancer in precancerous stages.

Skeletal involvement in Gaucher disease: An observational multicenter study of prognostic factors in the Argentine Gaucher disease patients.

Patients with Gaucher type 1 (GD1) throughout Argentina were enrolled in the Argentine bone project to evaluate bone disease and its determinants. We focused on presence and predictors of bone lesions (BL) and their relationship to therapeutic goals (TG) with timing and dose of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). A total of 124 patients on ERT were enrolled in a multi-center study. All six TG were achieved by 82% of patients: 70.1% for bone pain and 91.1% for bone crisis. However, despite the fact that bone TGs were achieved, residual bone disease was present in 108 patients on ERT (87%) at time 0. 16% of patients showed new irreversible BL (bone infarcts and avascular osteonecrosis) despite ERT, suggesting that they appeared during ERT or were not detected at the moment of diagnosis. We observed 5 prognostic factors that predicted a higher probability of being free of bone disease: optimal ERT compliance; early diagnosis; timely initiation of therapy; ERT initiation dose ≥45 UI/kg/EOW; and the absence of history of splenectomy. Skeletal involvement was classified into 4 major phenotypic groups according to BL: group 1 (12.9%) without BL; group 2 (28.2%) with reversible BL; group 3 (41.9%) with reversible BL and irreversible chronic BL; and group 4 (16.9%) with acute irreversible BL. Our study identifies prognostic factors for achieving best therapeutic outcomes, introduces new risk stratification for patients and suggests the need for a redefinition of bone TG. Am. J. Hematol. 91:E448-E453, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Developing an interactive reproductive health equity session for pre-clerkship medical students.

In the United States, sexual, reproductive, and perinatal health inequities are well documented and known to be caused by a history of systemic oppression along many axes, including but not limited to race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic position, sexual orientation, and disability. Medical schools are responsible for educating students on systems of oppression and their impact on health. Reproductive justice advocates, including lay persons, medical students, and teaching faculty, have urged for integrating the reproductive justice framework into medical education and clinical practice. In response to medical student advocacy, we developed introductory didactic sessions on social and reproductive justice for preclinical medical students. These were created in a team-based learning format and include pre-course primer materials on reproductive justice. During the sessions, students engaged with hypothetical clinical vignettes in small groups to identify oppressive structures that may have contributed to the health outcomes described and potential avenues for contextually relevant and level-appropriate advocacy. The sessions took place in November 2019 (in-person) and 2020 (virtually) and were well attended by students. We highlight our experience, student feedback, and next steps, including further integration of reproductive health equity into medical school curricula in concert with department-wide education for faculty, residents, nursing, and allied health professionals. This introduction to social and reproductive justice can be adapted and scaled across different medical school curricula, enhancing the training of a new generation of physicians to become critically aware of how oppressive structures create health inequities and able to mitigate their impact through their roles as clinicians, researchers, and advocates.

Physico-Chemical Properties of CdTe/Glutathione Quantum Dots Obtained by Microwave Irradiation for Use in Monoclonal Antibody and Biomarker Testing.

In this report, we present the results on the physicochemical characterization of cadmium telluride quantum dots (QDs) stabilized with glutathione and prepared by optimizing the synthesis conditions. An excellent control of emissions and the composition of the nanocrystal surface for its potential application in monoclonal antibody and biomarker testing was achieved. Two samples (QDYellow, QDOrange, corresponding to their emission colors) were analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and their hydrodynamic sizes were 6.7 nm and 19.4 nm, respectively. Optical characterization by UV-vis absorbance spectroscopy showed excitonic peaks at 517 nm and 554 nm. Photoluminescence spectroscopy indicated that the samples have a maximum intensity emission at 570 and 606 nm, respectively, within the visible range from yellow to orange. Infrared spectroscopy showed vibrational modes corresponding to the functional groups OH-C-H, C-N, C=C, C-O, C-OH, and COOH, which allows for the formation of functionalized QDs for the manufacture of biomarkers. In addition, the hydrodynamic radius, zeta potential, and approximate molecular weight were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), and static light scattering (SLS) techniques. Size dispersion and the structure of nanoparticles was obtained by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and by X-ray diffraction. In the same way, we calculated the concentration of Cd2+ ions expressed in mg/L by using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). In addition to the characterization of the nanoparticles, the labeling of murine myeloid cells was carried out with both samples of quantum dots, where it was demonstrated that quantum dots can diffuse into these cells and connect mostly with the cell nucleus.

Exploratory study of race- or ethnicity-based discrimination among patients receiving procedural abortion care.

OBJECTIVE: Explore relationships of race and ethnicity with experiences of race- or ethnicity-based discrimination during abortion care. STUDY DESIGN: English- or Spanish-speaking individuals aged 18 to 50 completed cross-sectional, self-administered online surveys within 30 days of procedural abortion at 5 Northeastern U.S. reproductive health clinics from June 2020 toFebruary 2021. We considered any affirmative response on the Discrimination in Medical Settings (DMS) scale evidence of race- or ethnicity-based discrimination. We performed bivariate analyses and logistic regression examining discrimination among Black non-Latinx, Latinx any race, Other race non-Latinx compared to White non-Latinx participants. We assessed associations between discrimination and healthcare quality and satisfaction. RESULTS: Participants (n = 163) averaged 27(±6) years and self-identified as Black non-Latinx (36.2%), White non-Latinx (28.8%), Latinx of any race (27.0%), and Other non-Latinx (8.0%). Most were publicly insured (52.8%) and <14 weeks gestation (90.8%).Overall, 15.3% reported race- or ethnicity-based discrimination during abortion care with Black non-Latinx more likely to report discrimination (23.7%; OR 7.00, 95% CI 1.50-32.59), while Latinx any race (15.9%, OR 4.26, 95% CI 0.83-21.74) and Other race non-Latinx participants (15.4%, OR 4.09, 95% CI 0.52-32.35) demonstrated statistically nonsignificant trend toward increased odds of discrimination compared to White non-Latinx (4.3%). Discrimination was associated with negative perceptions of: time with physician (p = 0.03), patient care involvement (p < 0.05), physician communication (p = 0.01), care quality (p = 0.02), and care satisfaction (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Racially minoritized participants were more likely to report race- or ethnicity-based discrimination during abortion care; Black non-Latinx reported highest odds of discrimination compared to White non-Latinx. Discrimination was associated with unfavorable healthcare quality measures. IMPLICATIONS: Race- or ethnicity-based discrimination during abortion care is disproportionately reported by racially minoritized populations, especially Black individuals, compared to White non-Latinx individuals. Discrimination is significantly associated with negative experiences of care. Future work should verify findings in different regions and larger studies, and design and test discrimination-reduction interventions.

Chemical Constituents, Enantiomer Content, Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities of Valeriana microphylla Kunth Essential Oil.

The study of the essential oil (EO) from aerial parts (stems and leaves) of Valeriana microphylla Kunth (Valerianaceae), collected from the Saraguro community in the southern region of Ecuador, was analyzed for the first time. A total of 62 compounds were identified in V. microphylla EO by GC-FID and GC-MS on nonpolar DB-5ms and polar HP-INNOWax columns. The most abundant components (>5%) detected on DB-5ms and polar HP-INNOWax columns were α-gurjunene (11.98, 12.74%), germacrene D (11.47, 14.93%), E-caryophyllene (7.05, 7.78%), and α-copaene (6.76, 6.91%), respectively. In addition, the enantioselective analysis, carried out on a chiral column, showed (+)-α-pinene and (R)-(+)-germacrene as enantiomerically pure compounds (enantiomeric excess = 100%). The antioxidant activity was high for the radicals ABTS (SC50 = 41.82 µg/mL) and DPPH (SC50 = 89.60 µg/mL), and finally, the EO was shown to be inactive to the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), as both values were >250 µg/mL.

New-onset microscopic polyangiitis temporally associated with severe COVID-19 infection: A case report.

The coronavirus disease 2019 has been demonstrated to be a trigger for multiple immune-mediated diseases, such as antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Associated vasculitis consists of rare autoimmune disorders that predominantly affect small vessels, leading to endothelial injury and tissue damage. We present a case of a newly diagnosed microscopic polyangiitis temporally associated with coronavirus disease 2019 infection in a previously healthy woman and a literature review. A 66-year-old female presented to the Emergency Room with fever, edema on her legs, productive cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. A chest computerized tomography scan revealed bilateral diffuse alveolar opacities with the appearance of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Blood analysis revealed a moderate normocytic, normochromic anemia with a hemoglobin of 6.6 g/dL, platelet count of 347 k/dL, leucocytes of 12,000/dL, a creatinine of 3.91 mg/dL (basal Cr: 0.9 mg/dL), and a Blood Urine Nnitrogen of 78 mg/dL. A urine sediment demonstrated glomerular hematuria, with mixed shapes of red blood cells. She was admitted to the intensive care unit and a bedside bronchoscopy revealed progressive bleeding with a bronchioalveolar lavage positive for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Given the critical involvement of the lungs and kidney function, the diagnostic approach revealed a positive p-anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody on immunofluorescence and an anti-MPO (myeloperoxidase) level of 124.6 IU/mL. A renal biopsy demonstrated pauciimmune focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. A diagnosis of microscopic polyangiitis triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was made, and immediate treatment with pulse-dose steroids and cyclophosphamide was initiated. The patient needed renal replacement therapy and was discharged for follow-up with nephrology and rheumatology services. The diagnostic approach of associated vasculitis can be more challenging in the coronavirus disease era. Atypical features in the pulmonary imaging and a rapid deterioration of the renal function should arise the clinical suspicion of the presence of an added condition to the coronavirus disease infection. Autoimmune conditions such as associated vasculitis should be evaluated even in the absence of previous autoimmune history. Prompt diagnosis and treatments must be prioritized to avoid end-organ definite damage. Further, larger and more collaborative studies are needed to confirm the potential role of coronavirus disease 2019 as a trigger of associated vasculitis.

Design of an Auxiliary Artificial Lymphatic Vessel in Treatment of Secondary Lymphedema Due to Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor that affects women in the United States, Europe, and Mexico. As an adverse effect when performing treatments for this condition, secondary lymphedema associated with breast cancer occurs in some cases. This complication occurs due to the interruption of lymphatic flow in the upper extremities in conjunction with other factors such as radiation, sedentary lifestyle, removal of lymph nodes, damage to lymphatic vessels, and others. This article reviews breast cancer incidence, mortality, and survival patterns, confirming that, specifically, lymphedema has high health, social, and economic impacts. Research demonstrates that it fundamentally affects women at an early age. In approximately a third of the cases, it becomes a chronic disease. Therefore, physical therapy is essential for a better quality of life in patients who survive this disease. Surgeries and manual and pharmacological treatments are the current procedures done to reduce to reduce the alterations suffered by patients with lymphedema; however, the success of the treatments depends on each patient's characteristics. To face this problem, the design of a lymphatic vessel has been proposed to assist the mechanical failure of the damaged lymphatic system. In this work, the design methodology used for the blueprint of the lymphatic vessel is presented, as well as the computer analysis of fluid simulation and the selection of the proposed material, resulting in the production of a micrometric design. In the future, it is expected that a surgeon will be able to implant the design of the vessel to restore lymph flow through the lymphatic system, thus helping to combat lymphedema.

Nanostructured Non-Newtonian Drug Delivery Barrier Prevents Postoperative Intrapericardial Adhesions.

With the increasing volume of cardiovascular surgeries and the rising adoption rate of new methodologies that serve as a bridge to cardiac transplantation and that require multiple surgical interventions, the formation of postoperative intrapericardial adhesions has become a challenging problem that limits future surgical procedures, causes serious complications, and increases medical costs. To prevent this pathology, we developed a nanotechnology-based self-healing drug delivery hydrogel barrier composed of silicate nanodisks and polyethylene glycol with the ability to coat the epicardial surface of the heart without friction and locally deliver dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory drug. After the fabrication of the hydrogel, mechanical characterization and responses to shear, strain, and recovery were analyzed, confirming its shear-thinning and self-healing properties. This behavior allowed its facile injection (5.75 ± 0.15 to 22.01 ± 0.95 N) and subsequent mechanical recovery. The encapsulation of dexamethasone within the hydrogel system was confirmed by 1H NMR, and controlled release for 5 days was observed. In vitro, limited cellular adhesion to the hydrogel surface was achieved, and its anti-inflammatory properties were confirmed, as downregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was observed in TNF-α activated endothelial cells. In vivo, 1 week after administration of the hydrogel to a rabbit model of intrapericardial injury, superior efficacy was observed when compared to a commercial adhesion barrier, as histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed reduced adhesion formation and minimal immune infiltration of CD3+ lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages, as well as NF-κß downregulation. We presented a novel nanostructured drug delivery hydrogel system with unique mechanical and biological properties that act synergistically to prevent cellular infiltration while providing local immunomodulation to protect the intrapericardial space after a surgical intervention.

Chemical composition and selective BuChE inhibitory activity of the essential oils from aromatic plants used to prepare the traditional Ecuadorian beverage horchata lojana.

ETHNOBOTANICAL AND ETHNOMEDICINAL RELEVANCE: In southern Ecuador, horchata lojana is a popular aromatic and refreshing beverage that is prepared from an aqueous infusion of different mixtures of local medicinal and aromatic plants. The drink is considered a traditional anti-inflammatory agent and brain tonic; due these properties, it has been drunk since Colonial Times. Several pharmacological studies have evaluated the effects of horchata aqueous infusion. However, the aromatic profile and the contribution of the volatile components to the biological activity of the drink have not been investigated so far. For these reasons, we have determined the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) distilled from five mixtures of aromatic plants commonly used for the preparation of this traditional drink. Moreover, to support the curative properties of the aromatic plants, the anticholinesterase activity of the EOs was examined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Different bunches of fresh mixed medicinal and aromatic plants, called tongos, are sold at local markets in the province of Loja for the preparation of different types of horchata. In this research we have purchased plant bunches sold at five popular markets of Loja province. Subsequently, aromatic plants in each bunch were separated from medicinal plants and were then hydrodistilled to give the corresponding EOs. Subsequently, the chemical composition of each EO was determined by GC-MS/GC-FID techniques, whereas the cholinesterase inhibitory activity in vitro was determined against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. AIMS OF THE STUDY: i) to contribute to the chemical and pharmacological study of the aroma components of the traditional Ecuadorian drink horchata lojana; ii) to identify botanically the mixtures of aromatic plants used to make the drink; iii) to establish, on the basis of the chemical composition of the EOs, the compounds mainly responsible for the characteristic beverage flavor; iv) to establish the possible existence of an aromatic pattern characteristic of each horchata preparation; v) to test the anticholinesterase activity of the EOs against AChE and BuChE in order to support the traditional consume of the drink as an effective brain tonic. RESULTS: A total of 23 botanical families and 32 species of plants used for the preparation of five different variants of the traditional horchata lojana beverage, have been identified. Fourteen aromatic species were determined to be responsible for the characteristic flavor of the drink. All the analyzed EOs belong to the monoterpene type. A total of 88 compounds have been identified in the different EOs, twenty-four of which are common components of the oils. CONCLUSIONS: According to the main components of the EOs distilled from the five groups of horchata lojana plants, four aromatic profiles have been defined: (i) neral + geranial + carvone, (ii) neral + geranial + myrcene; (iii) geranial + methyl eugenol + isomenthone + neral + citronellol; (iv) (E)-anethole + geranial + pulegone. Moreover, according to the literature, several aromatic plants and individual EOs components exhibit a wide range of biological activities. This finding as well as the significant BuChE inhibitory activity exhibited in vitro by the EOs give scientific support to the use of identified aromatic plants in the traditional preparation of horchata, that is considered a natural analgesic and anti-inflammatory remedy, and an effective brain tonic.

SARS-CoV-2 infection of the placenta.

BACKGROUNDThe effects of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy remain relatively unknown. We present a case of second trimester pregnancy with symptomatic COVID-19 complicated by severe preeclampsia and placental abruption.METHODSWe analyzed the placenta for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through molecular and immunohistochemical assays and by and electron microscopy and measured the maternal antibody response in the blood to this infection.RESULTSSARS-CoV-2 localized predominantly to syncytiotrophoblast cells at the materno-fetal interface of the placenta. Histological examination of the placenta revealed a dense macrophage infiltrate, but no evidence for the vasculopathy typically associated with preeclampsia.CONCLUSIONThis case demonstrates SARS-CoV-2 invasion of the placenta, highlighting the potential for severe morbidity among pregnant women with COVID-19.FUNDINGBeatrice Kleinberg Neuwirth Fund and Fast Grant Emergent Ventures funding from the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. The funding bodies did not have roles in the design of the study or data collection, analysis, and interpretation and played no role in writing the manuscript.

Off-line and on-line optical monitoring of microalgal growth.

The growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgae cultures was successfully monitored, using classic off-line optical techniques (optical density and fluorescence) and on-line analysis of digital images. In this study, we found that the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F 685/F 740 has a linear correlation with the logarithmic concentration of microalgae. By using digital images, the biomass concentration correlated with the luminosity of the images through an exponential equation and the length of penetration of a super luminescent blue beam (λ = 440 nm) through an inversely proportional function. The outcomes of this study are useful to monitor both research and industrial microalgae cultures.

SNPs and other polymorhisms associated with acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus.

Ixodicides resistance of ticks is one of the most important problems for the livestock industry in tropical and subtropical regions, mainly due to the increase in cases of multiple resistance in all families of the ixodicides used. Molecular markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has been proposed to identify the resistance to ixodicides in Rhipicephalus microplus. Many studies have recently been conducted using SNPs and other types of molecular markers to determine if they are associated with resistance to different products in many parts of the world. Knowing these changes at the molecular level, will allow to establish mechanisms and control strategies for the use of ixodicides. In this review, we will discuss and describe the different SNPs and other polymorphisms associated with resistance in R. microplus.

Polymorphisms rs12998 and rs5780218 in KiSS1 suppressor metastasis gene in Mexican patients with breast cancer.

AIMS: KiSS1 is a metastasis suppressor gene associated with inhibition of cellular chemotaxis and invasion attenuating the metastasis in melanoma and breast cancer cell lines. Along the KiSS-1 gene at least 294 SNPs have been described; however the association of these polymorphisms as genetic markers for metastasis in breast cancer studies has not been investigated. Here we describe two simple PCR-RFLPs protocols to identify the rs5780218 (9DelT) and the rs12998 (E20K) KiSS1 polymorphisms and the allelic, genotypic, and haplotypic frequencies in Mexican general population (GP) and patients with benign breast disease (BBD) or breast cancer (BC). RESULTS: The rs5780218 polymorphism was individually associated with breast cancer (P = 0.0332) and the rs12998 polymorphism shows statistically significant differences when GP versus case (BC and BBD) groups were compared (P < 0.0001). The H1 Haplotype (G/-) occurred more frequently in BC group (0.4256) whereas H2 haplotype (G/T) was the most prevalent in BBD group (0.4674). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that the rs5780218 polymorphism individually confers susceptibility for development of breast cancer in Mexican population and a possible role as a genetic marker in breast cancer metastasis for H1 haplotype (Wt/variant) in KiSS1 gene must be analyzed in other populations.

Patterns of occurrence of the platyhelminth parasites of the wild bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus) off Sinaloa, Mexico.

This study provides basic information on the occurrence of platyhelminths in the wild bullseye puffer (Sphoeroides annulatus) from Sinaloa, Mexico. Specimens of pufferfish were collected from 2 localities: Teacapan (n = 161) and Mazatlan (n = 66). Six species of platyhelminths were recorded: 2 monogeneans (Diclidophoridae: Heterobothrium ecuadori and Capsalidae: Neobenedenia melleni) and 4 digeneans (Apocreadiidae: Homalometron longisinosum, Lepocreadiidae: Bianium plicitum, Gorgoridae: Phyllodristomum mirandai, and Fellodistomidae: Lintonium vibex). This is the first record of the platyhelminth L. vibex in S. annulatus in the Mexican Pacific. Bianium plicitum was the most abundant species, and H. ecuadori was the most prevalent species. The fish from Teacapan had the higher prevalence of platyhelminths. Teacapan had higher specific richness index, whereas Mazatlan had a higher dominance, 3.098 (Teacapan = 2.38). A relative risk analysis showed that B. plicitum was more likely to be present on fish in water within the temperature range of 21-25 C and from Teacapan compared with fish from the warmer water (26-30 C) or from Mazatlan. Heterobothrium ecuadori was more likely to be present at water temperatures of 23-24.5 C on fish from Teacapan and when other ectoparasites were present. Neobenedenia melleni also was more likely to be present when other parasites were present.

Hábitos alimenticios en estudiantes de la Universidad Mayor Real y Pontificia San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca / Habits in students of the Universidad Mayor Real and Pontificia San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca

El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar los hábitos alimenticios en estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad Mayor Real Pontificia San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca. Se utilizaron los Métodos cuantitativo transversal, para la obtención de la información se realizó una encuesta con una muestra aleatoria simple de 381 estudiantes universitarios. Los factores más frecuentes de las variables obtenidos indican que el 36.50% de los estudiantes seleccionan su alimento de acuerdo a su sabor, el 37.57% omiten el desayuno, un porcentaje de 34.12% prefieren la comida frita, una cantidad de 36.75% consumen alimentos fuera de casa, el 40.49% excede en el consumo de alimentos, el 45.14% prefiere tomar agua, se observa el 13.12% de actividad física en varones superior al de las mujeres, el 23.09% de los estudiantes considera el factor dinero como necesidad para mejorar sus hábitos alimenticios. Los hábitos alimenticios de los estudiantes universitarios en general no son los adecuados.

The objective of the research was to identify eating habits in university students of the Universidad Mayor Real Pontificia San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca. The transversal quantitative methods were used, to obtain the information a survey was carried out with a simple random sample of 381 university students. The most frequent factors of the variables obtained indicate that 36.50% of the students select their food according to their taste, 37.57% omit breakfast, a percentage of 34.12% prefer fried food, an amount of 36.75% consume food outside At home, 40.49% exceeds food consumption, 45.14% prefer to drink water, 13.12% of physical activity in men is higher than that of women, 23.09% of students consider the money factor as a need to improve Your eating habits The eating habits of university students in general are not adequate.

Anáisis de morbimortalidad en tétanos infantil en el estado de Tamaulipas: diferencias de acuerdo al tipo de atención / Analysis of morbomortality in tetanus in infancy in the state of Tamaulipas Mexico: differencies in accordance to the type of attention

Se presentan 66 casos de tétanos infantil, manejado en dos unidades hospitalarias del estado de Tamaulipas durante un período de 5 años, en un estudio retrospectivo. Los hospitales diferían en la posibilidad de poder manejar pacientes con asistencia mecánica a la ventilación y la capacidad para proporcionar atención en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Se analizó la distribución por edades y por sexos, complicaciones presentadas y evolución en relación al manejo, que fueron diferenres, de acuerdo a los recursos de cada unidad hospitalaria. Cincuenta niños fueron recien nacidos y el resto de edades de 5.5 años (D.E. 4.2). Las complicaciones y evolución finales estuvieron determinadas más por el tipo de atención que por la patología misma: la mortalidad fue considerablemente más alta en el período neonatal, siendo la depresión respiratoria por empleo de medicamentos sedantes combinados, la causa más común de fallecimiento en este grupo atendido en un hospital que carecía de elementos para asistir mecánicamente a la ventilación. En tanto que para este mismo grupo, la causa más frecuente de muerte fue el barotrauma en la unidad hospitalaria que sí contaba con estos recursos. En niños mayores hubo muy baja mortalidad en ambos hospitales. El tétanos es una enfermedad infecciosa, curable, pero con un alto costo de atención y elevada mortalidad, principalmente en la etapa neonatal. Por ello resulta imprescindible la protección específica mediante la correcta y oportuna inmunización.