N-[4-(Propyl-sulfamo-yl)phen-yl]acetamide.

In the title compound, C(11)H(16)N(2)O(3)S, the S atom has a distorted tetra-hedral geometry [maximum deviation: O-S-O = 119.48 (15)°]. The dihedral angles between the benzene ring and its propyl-sulfonamide and methyl-amide substituents are 71.8 (2) and 5.8 (1)°, respectively. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N(m)-H⋯O(s) (m = methyl-amide and s = sulfonamide) hydrogen bonds, forming C(8) chains along the a axis. The two mol-ecule chains are connected by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating R(3) (2)(18) rings. The crystal packing is further stabilized by weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Anti-microbial activities of sulfonamides using disc diffusion method.

Sulfonamides, being the member of the oldest anti-microbial group of compounds possess wide anti-microbial activities and are effective against pathogenic strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. They are widely used in the treatment of various infectious diseases e.g. malaria, urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections etc. Based on their effectiveness against most of the bacteria, two novel sulfonamides (N-(2-methoxy phenyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide and N-ethyl-4-methyl-N-(3-methyl phenyl)benzenesulfonamide) were synthesized. The compounds were characterized by FT-IR and elemental analyzer. Their anti-microbial activity was assessed and observed against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. They showed good anti-microbial activities.

Atomistic structures of 〈0001〉 tilt grain boundaries in a textured Mg thin film.

Nanocrystalline Mg was sputter deposited onto an Ar ion etched Si {100} substrate. Despite an ∼6 nm amorphous layer found at the interface, the Mg thin film exhibits a sharp basal-plane texture enabled by surface energy minimization. The columnar grains have abundant 〈0001〉 tilt grain boundaries in between, most of which are symmetric with various misorientation angles. Up to ∼20° tilt angle, they are composed of arrays of equally-spaced edge dislocations. Ga atoms were introduced from focused ion beam milling and found to segregate at grain boundaries and preferentially decorate the dislocation cores. Most symmetric grain boundaries are type-1, whose boundary planes have smaller dihedral angles with {21̄1̄0} rather than {101̄0}. Atomistic simulations further demonstrate that type-2 grain boundaries, having boundary planes at smaller dihedral angles with {101̄0}, are composed of denser dislocation arrays and hence have higher formation energy than their type-1 counterparts. The finding correlates well with the dominance of type-1 grain boundaries observed in the Mg thin film.

N-{4-[(2-Meth-oxy-phen-yl)sulfamo-yl]phen-yl}acetamide.

In the title compound, C(15)H(16)N(2)O(4)S, the S atom has a distorted tetra-hedral geometry [maximum deviation: O-S-O = 118.25 (7)°]. The two aromatic rings make a dihedral angle of 62.67 (10)° with each other. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond forms an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol-ecules form centrosymmetric dimers via pairwise N-H⋯O inter-actions, forming an R(2) (2)(8) ring motif, and these dimers are connected by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network. Furthermore, a weak C-H⋯π inter-action helps to reinforce the crystal structure. The O atom in the acetamide group is disordered over two positions with major and minor occupancies of 0.52 (5) and 0.48 (5), respectively.

N-Ethyl-4-methyl-N-(3-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide.

The title compound, C(16)H(19)NO(2)S, crystallizes with two crystallographically independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit in which the dihedral angles between the planes defined by the aromatic rings are 35.3 (2) and 42.5 (2)°. In the crystal, inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds stabilize the packing.

N-Benzyl-4-methyl-N-(4-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide.

In the title mol-ecule, C(21)H(21)NO(2)S, the phenyl ring makes the dihedral angles of 74.13 (11) and 80.16 (11)° with the two benzene rings, which are inclined at an angle of 43.73 (10)° with respect to each other. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds along the [010] direction. In addition, a weak C-H⋯π (arene) inter-action is observed.

Neurological Complications of COVID-19 in Children.

Neurological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are highly variable and can be quite severe, but they are rare in children. A careful understanding of the variety of presentations of neurological symptoms related to COVID-19 is critical for the effective management of these patients. Given the smaller numbers of children with these complications, a comprehensive review of neurological presentations in adults with COVID-19 may help facilitate the understanding of those complications that may present in children and how these presentations may be similar. [Pediatr Ann. 2021;50(6):e259-e263.].

An Overview of Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of the Transition Metal Carbide Nanomaterials.

Good stability and reproducibility are important factors in determining the place of any material in their respective field and these two factors also enable them to use in various applications. At present, transition metal carbides (TMCs) have high demand either in the two-dimensional (2D) form (MXene) or as nanocomposites, nanoparticles, carbide films, carbide nano-powder, and carbide nanofibers. They have shown good stability at high temperatures in different environments and also have the ability to show adequate reproducibility. Metal carbides have shown a broad spectrum of properties enabling them to engage the modern approach of multifacet material. Several ways have been routed to synthesize metal carbides in their various forms but few of those gain more attention due to their easy approach and better properties. TMCs find applications in various fields, such as catalysts, absorbents, bio-sensors, pesticides, electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL), anti-pollution and anti-bacterial agents, and in tumor detection. This article highlights some recent developments in the synthesis methods and applications of TMCs in various fields.

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical features of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in patients < or = 18 years old. METHODS: Information was obtained by the authors or referring physicians. Antibodies were determined by immunocytochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using HEK293 cells ectopically expressing NR1. RESULTS: Over an 8-month period, 81 patients (12 male) with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were identified. Thirty-two (40%) were < or =18 years old (youngest 23 months, median 14 years); 6 were male. The frequency of ovarian teratomas was 56% in women >18 years old, 31% in girls < or =18 years old (p = 0.05), and 9% in girls < or =14 years old (p = 0.008). None of the male patients had tumors. Of 32 patients < or =18 years old, 87.5% presented with behavioral or personality change, sometimes associated with seizures and frequent sleep dysfunction; 9.5% with dyskinesias or dystonia; and 3% with speech reduction. On admission, 53% had severe speech deficits. Eventually, 77% developed seizures, 84% stereotyped movements, 86% autonomic instability, and 23% hypoventilation. Responses to immunotherapy were slow and variable. Overall, 74% had full or substantial recovery after immunotherapy or tumor removal. Neurological relapses occurred in 25%. At the last follow-up, full recovery occurred more frequently in patients who had a teratoma that was removed (5/8) than in those without a teratoma (4/23; p = 0.03). INTERPRETATION: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is increasingly recognized in children, comprising 40% of all cases. Younger patients are less likely to have tumors. Behavioral and speech problems, seizures, and abnormal movements are common early symptoms. The phenotype resembles that of the adults, although dysautonomia and hypoventilation are less frequent or severe in children. Ann Neurol 2009;66:11-18.

Simulation study for natural ventilation retrofitting techniques in educational classrooms - A case study.

Building retrofitting plays a critical role in achieving sustainable development and is an efficient way to improve the indoor air quality (IAQ) of existing spaces. The IAQ in classrooms has a significant impact on the health and academic achievement of students. However, improving the IAQ of existing classrooms is challenging if minimum architectural modifications are allowed. Different natural ventilation retrofitting techniques were proposed to improve the IAQ in existing classrooms at Jordan University of Science and Technology, which is located in a hot arid region. Computer simulations were used to analyze the ventilation rate, indoor operative temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration in the base Case classroom and after the implementation of the proposed retrofitting techniques. Simulation results were compared with those obtained in the base case to determine the most efficient natural ventilation retrofitting technique. The best results were obtained by using a solar chimney to assist a wind tower, which resulted in an increase in the comfort hours during the occupation time, an improvement in the average monthly ventilation rate range, a decrease in the CO2 concentration, and an improvement in the relative humidity ratio. An energy-saving of 39% would be achieved compared with the use of split unit air condition systems. Economic assessment of the proposed system using net present value indicates positive economic viability.

A novel TSC1 variant associated with tuberous sclerosis and sacrococcygeal teratoma.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disease associated with tumors and malformed tissues in the brain and other vital organs. We report a novel de novo frameshift variant of the TSC1 gene (c.434dup;p. Ser146Valfs*8) in a child with TSC who initially presented with a sacral teratoma. This previously unreported association between TSC and teratoma has broad implications for the pathophysiology of embryonic tumors and mechanisms underlying cellular differentiation.

Design and Parameter Study of Integrated Microfluidic Platform for CTC Isolation and Enquiry; A Numerical Approach.

Being the second cause of mortality across the globe, there is now a persistent effort to establish new cancer medication and therapies. Any accomplishment in treating cancers entails the existence of accurate identification systems empowering the early diagnosis. Recent studies indicate CTCs’ potential in cancer prognosis as well as therapy monitoring. The chief shortcoming with CTCs is that they are exceedingly rare cells in their clinically relevant concentration. Here, we simulated a microfluidic construct devised for immunomagnetic separation of the particles of interest from the background cells. This separation unit is integrated with a mixer subunit. The mixer is envisioned for mixing the CTC enriched stream with lysis buffer to extract the biological material of the cell. Some modification was proposed on mixing geometry improving the efficacy of the functional unit. A valuation of engaged forces was made and some forces were neglected due to their order of magnitude. The position of the magnet was also optimized by doing parametric study. For the mixer unit, the effect of applied voltage and frequency on mixing index was studied to find the optimal voltage and frequency which provides better mixing. Above-mentioned studies were done on isolated units and the effect of each functional unit on the other is not studied. As the final step, an integrated microfluidic platform composed of both functional subunits was simulated simultaneously. To ensure the independence of results from the grid, grid studies were also performed. The studies carried out on the construct reveal its potential for diagnostic application.

Gender Differences in Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Adults With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.

Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( ASCVD ) accounts for approximately one third of deaths in women. Although there is an established relationship between positive patient experiences, health-related quality of life, and improved health outcomes, little is known about gender differences in patient-reported outcomes among ASCVD patients. We therefore compared gender differences in patient-centered outcomes among individuals with ASCVD . Methods and Results Data from the 2006 to 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative US sample, were used for this study. Adults ≥18 years with a diagnosis of ASCVD , ascertained by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision ( ICD-9) codes and/or self-reported data, were included. Linear and logistic regression were used to compare self-reported patient experience, perception of health, and health-related quality of life by gender. Models adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic status, and comorbidities. There were 21 353 participants included, with >10 000 (47%-weighted) of the participants being women, representing ≈11 million female adults with ASCVD nationwide. Compared with men, women with ASCVD were more likely to experience poor patient-provider communication (odds ratio 1.25 [95% confidence interval 1.11-1.41]), lower healthcare satisfaction (1.12 [1.02-1.24]), poor perception of health status (1.15 [1.04-1.28]), and lower health-related quality of life scores. Women with ASCVD also had lower use of aspirin and statins, and greater odds of ≥2 Emergency Department visits/y. Conclusions Women with ASCVD were more likely to report poorer patient experience, lower health-related quality of life, and poorer perception of their health when compared with men. These findings have important public health implications and require more research towards understanding the gender-specific differences in healthcare quality, delivery, and ultimately health outcomes among individuals with ASCVD .

Febrile status epilepticus: current state of clinical and basic research.

Febrile status epilepticus occurs in up to 5% of all cases of febrile seizures and has been linked to the development of focal epilepsy. This article reviews the clinical characteristics and treatment issues of febrile status. Controversy exists regarding the relationship of febrile status epilepticus to the subsequent development of epilepsy. This subject is discussed by first reviewing the clinical research literature and then highlighting the basic science research regarding this controversial question. The current literature appears to support a role for febrile status in the development of focal epilepsy but is clearly neither necessary nor sufficient in the focal epileptogenisis process. Multiple insults are likely necessary for a child with febrile status epilepticus to develop epilepsy later in life.