The hidden threat of heavy metal leaching in urban runoff: Investigating the long-term consequences of land use changes on human health risk exposure.

This study evaluated the potential effects of long-term land use and climate change on the quality of surface runoff and the health risks associated with it. The land use change projection 2030 was derived from the main changes in land use from 2009 to 2019, and rainfall data was obtained from the Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) model. The Long-Term Hydrological Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model was then utilized to calculate the rate of runoff heavy metal (HM) pollutant loading from the urban catchment. It was found that areas with heavy development posed a significantly greater public health risk associated with runoff, with higher risks observed in high-development and traffic areas compared to industrial, residential, and commercial areas. Additionally, exposure to Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), and Arsenic (As) was found to contribute significantly to overall non-carcinogenic health risks for possible consumers of runoff. Carcinogenic risk values of As, Cadmium (Cd), and Pb were also observed to increase, particularly in high-development and traffic areas, by 2030. This investigation offers important insight into the health risks posed by metals present in surface runoff in urban catchment areas under different land use and climate change scenarios.

Food insecurity versus public health? Social resilience.

The health problems of low-income communities and their relationship to food insecurity are a widespread problem worldwide. Understanding the complex relationship between these two conditions of food insecurity and health outcomes is the focus of this study. In addressing these issues, managing food security and adopting comprehensive strategies that consider the broader public health of the poor and socially vulnerable requires a multi-pronged approach that integrates sustainable food systems, social protection interventions, community engagement, and nutrition-specific interventions. This study is useful for improving our understanding of the relationship between food insecurity and health outcomes, which ultimately contributes to better health and social resilience strategies.

No girl left behind? Mental health and quality of life.

The ban on girls' education or difficult access to education has significant impacts on their mental health and quality of life (QoL), including: (a) Increased Mental Health Problems; (b) Loss of Educational Opportunities; (c) Limited Social Interaction; (d) Disruption of Aspirations and Routines; and (e) Increased Insecurity. This study extends the investigation into the need for awareness and action on the mental health and well-being of girls due to the ban or difficult access to education. Addressing the adverse impacts of the ban or difficult access to girls' education requires a multifaceted approach that includes challenging traditional norms, providing alternative education pathways, empowering girls through targeted interventions, and recognizing the critical role of education.

Safe optimal control of cancer using a Control Barrier Function technique.

This paper addresses the problem of designing a safe and optimal control strategy for typical cancer using the Control Barrier Function (CBF) technique. Cancer is a complex and highly dynamic disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. By formulating the cancer dynamics as a control system, this study introduces a CBF-based controller that guides the cancerous tissue towards safe and controlled behaviors. The controller is designed to simultaneously optimize treatment efficacy and patient safety. The methodology involves modeling the cancer growth dynamics, incorporating relevant biological constraints, and designing the CBF-based controller to regulate the tumor's evolution within acceptable bounds. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the CBF-based strategy in achieving safe and optimal cancer control. The controller showcases the ability to drive the cancerous tissue towards desired states while respecting predefined safety constraints.

Line-wave waveguide engineering using Hermitian and non-Hermitian metasurfaces.

Line waves (LWs) refer to confined edge modes that propagate along the interface of dual electromagnetic metasurfaces while maintaining mirror reflection symmetries. Previous research has both theoretically and experimentally investigated these waves, revealing their presence in the microwave and terahertz frequency ranges. In addition, a comprehensive exploration has been conducted on the implementation of non-Hermitian LWs by establishing the parity-time symmetry. This study introduces a cutting-edge dual-band line-wave waveguide, enabling the realization of LWs within the terahertz and infrared spectrums. Our work is centered around analyzing the functionalities of existing applications of LWs within a specific field. In addition, a novel non-Hermitian platform is proposed. We address feasible practical implementations of non-Hermitian LWs by placing a graphene-based metasurface on an epsilon-near-zero material. This study delves into the advantages of the proposed framework compared to previously examined structures, involving both analytical and numerical examinations of how these waves propagate and the underlying physical mechanisms.

An Epidemiological Investigation on Patients with Non-traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage from 2010 to 2020.

Objective: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still considered a life-threatening medical condition with a high mortality rate, particularly in developing countries. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the angiographic findings of non-traumatic or spontaneous SAH. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 642 health records of patients with non-traumatic SAH over a 10-year period, from 2010 to 2020. The required data, including demographic information, aneurysm type, size, location, disease severity classification, and secondary complications, were extracted. Results: The study included 642 patients, with 262 (40.8%) being male. The mean age of the participants was 54.72±13.51 years. The most prevalent type of aneurysm was saccular (89.1%), while serpentine (0.2%) and dissecting saccular (0.2%) aneurysms had the least prevalence. The most frequently involved arteries were the anterior communicating artery (ACoA; 38%), internal carotid artery (ICA; 27.6%), and middle cerebral artery (MCA; 13.4%). There was a significant correlation between sex and aneurysms occurring at ACoA and ICA (p< 0.0001), and ACoA - A1 (p=0.02). Patient age and sex were also significantly correlated with one another (p<0.0001). There was no statistically significant correlation between sex, aneurysm size, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), and modified Rankin scale (MRS). Conclusion: Based on our findings, the presence of aneurysms at ACoA, ACoA - A1, and ICA should be thoroughly ruled out in patients with severe headaches of sudden onset, particularly male patients of younger ages.