Reproductive Function of Male Rats and Motor Activity of Their Offspring in Fire Emissions Modeling.

We studied the reproductive function of albino male rats after long-term exposure to wildfire smoke and the species-specific behavior of their sexually mature offspring. After the end of exposure, the mean number of spermatogonia and the relative number of Leydig cells in rat testes decreased and the index of spermatogenesis decreased. The offspring of exposed males mated with intact females demonstrated impaired cognitive abilities and disturbances of species-specific behavior. The severity of these changes depended on time interval between the end of the inhalation exposure and mating.

Rpb4 and Puf3 imprint and post-transcriptionally control the stability of a common set of mRNAs in yeast.

Gene expression involving RNA polymerase II is regulated by the concerted interplay between mRNA synthesis and degradation, crosstalk in which mRNA decay machinery and transcription machinery respectively impact transcription and mRNA stability. Rpb4, and likely dimer Rpb4/7, seem the central components of the RNA pol II governing these processes. In this work we unravel the molecular mechanisms participated by Rpb4 that mediate the posttranscriptional events regulating mRNA imprinting and stability. By RIP-Seq, we analysed genome-wide the association of Rpb4 with mRNAs and demonstrated that it targeted a large population of more than 1400 transcripts. A group of these mRNAs was also the target of the RNA binding protein, Puf3. We demonstrated that Rpb4 and Puf3 physically, genetically, and functionally interact and also affect mRNA stability, and likely the imprinting, of a common group of mRNAs. Furthermore, the Rpb4 and Puf3 association with mRNAs depends on one another. We also demonstrated, for the first time, that Puf3 associates with chromatin in an Rpb4-dependent manner. Our data also suggest that Rpb4 could be a key element of the RNA pol II that coordinates mRNA synthesis, imprinting and stability in cooperation with RBPs.

[Biologic monitoring of chlorine organic hydrocarbons in vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride production].

The authors presented data of chemical analytic control of chlorine compounds level in workplace air of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride production, and biomonitoring results of vinyl chloride and 1.2-dichloroethane metabolite - thiodiacetic acid urinary level in workers of this production. Findings are exceeded hygienic norms on maximal concentrations of 1.2-dichloroethane in a workshop for vinyl chloride production from 1.0 to 2.85 MACs and of vinyl chloride in a workshop for polyvinyl chloride production from 2.06 to 5.52 MACs. Urinary levels of thiodiacetic acid were assessed in workers of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride production in dependence on occupation, length of service and post-contact time.

[To the question of the optimization of methods for detection of vinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethane, and their metabolites in biological fluids in workers involved in production of polyvinyl chloride].

There is considered the improvement of methodological approaches to the gas chromatographic methods- of the detection of vinyl chloride and 1,2-dichloroethane and their metabolites--chloroethanol and monochloroacetic acid in biological fluids. There were evaluated such metrological characteristics of methods, as repeatability, interlaboratoty precision, relevance and accuracy. The value of relative expanded uncertainty does not exceed 30%. There are reported optimal regimes of gas chromatographic analysis, conditions for sample preparation. The results of the contents ofthese chemical compounds and their metabolites in biological fluids from persons working in contact with chlorinated hydrocarbons are presented These techniques can be used for the detection ofthe fact of exposure to toxic substances, assessment of the level of exposure and biomonitoring.

[Dosage compensation in drosophila: sequence-specific initiation and sequence-independent spreading of MSL complex to the active genes on the male X chromosome].

For the dosage compensation to occur, genes on the single male X chromosomes in Drosophila must be selectively bound and acetylated by the ribonucleoprotein complex called MSL complex. It remained unknown how such exquisite specificity is achieved, and whether specific DNA sequences were involved. In the present work we demonstrate that it is transcription of the gene on the X chromosome that is important for MSL targeting, irrespective of gene origin and DNA sequence.

[The NADPH oxidase activity of pea seedling roots in rhizobial infection depending on abiotic and biotic factors].

The changes in NADPH activity was studied in the roots of 3-4-day-old etiolated pea (cultivar Aksaiskii usatyi) seedlings depending on plant inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae (strain CIAM 1026), adverse environmental factors (low temperature and high dose of a mineral nitrogen fertilizer), chemical substances (sodium nitroprusside and methyl viologen, or paraquat), and a biotic factor--the bacterium Escherichia coli (strain XL-1 Blue). It was demonstrated that all exogenous factors increased the activity of microsomal NADPH oxidase. Rhizobial infection removed the activation caused by exogenous factors only in the case of high nitrogen content in the medium, thereby displaying an antagonistic effect. A synergistic action on the enzyme activity was observed in the variants with combined action of rhizobia + paraquat and rhizobia + E. coli. An increased NADPH oxidase activity coincided with a growth inhibition of pea seedling roots. The results are discussed from the standpoint of the roles of NADPH oxidase and reactive oxygen species in the legume-rhizobium symbiosis.

[Glutamate induces the formation of free radicals in rat brain synaptosomes].

The influence of glutamate and the agonists of its ionotropic receptors on free radical formation in rat brain synaptosomes has been investigated using the fluorescent dye DCFDA. It was shown that glutamate at concentrations of 100 microM and 1 mM increases the synthesis of reactive oxygen species. This phenomenon was eliminated by removing calcium from incubation medium. The addition of NMDA (100 microM) and kainate (100 microM) to a suspension of synaptosomes also led to free radical formation. The influence of glutamate receptor agonists was blocked by the specific antagonists MK-801 and NBQX. Thus, the activation of NMDA and AMPA/kainate receptors can lead to oxidative stress in neuronal presynaptic endings.

[A genetic factor, suppressing DNA underreplication in Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes]. / Geneticheskii faktor, supressiruiushchii nedoreplikatsiiu DNK v politennykh khromosomakh Drosophila melanogaster.

The Drosophila melanogaster line carrying the In(I)scv2 was found to exhibit unique cytological phenotype distinguished by the lack of "weak" points in the intercalary heterochromatin of the salivary gland polytene chromosomes, the absence of ectopic contacts between the chromosome regions, and the occurrence of additional intercalary heterochromatin in the centromeric regions. Southern blot hybridization revealed the absence of DNA underreplication in the intercalary heterochromatin region 39E carrying the histone gene cluster. This phenotype may have arisen under the influence of a genetic factor, Su(UR), which suppressed DNA underreplication in polytene chromosomes. Genetic analysis of the inheritance of the "suppression of DNA underreplication" phenotype showed that this factor was located in the third chromosome and was expressed in a semidominant manner. Discovery of Su(UR) suggested existence of common mechanisms regulating DNA underreplication in the centromeric and intercalary heterochromatin regions containing genes that were completely inactivated during ontogeny. These results confirm the assumption of common mechanisms of epigenetic repression of highly repetitive, somewhat repetitive, and unique sequences of the Drosophila genome.

[Cause for maintaining high instability at the yellow gene in Drosophila melanogaster lines, isolated during the "mode for mutation" period in Uman populations]. / Prichina sokhraneniia vysokoi nestabil'nosti po genu yellow v liniiakh Drosophila melanogaster, vydelennykh v period "mody na mutatsiiu" v populiatsii Umani.

Mobile genetic elements are responsible for most spontaneous mutations in Drosophila melenogaster. The discovered in the 1980s phenomenon of frequent change of the wild-type yellow phenotype for a mutant one, and vice-versa, in strains of Drosophila melanogaster isolated from the Uman' natural population can be, according to our data, explained by repeated inversions and reinversions of the gene regulatory region located between the two copies of the hobo transport. However, most molecular genetic events accompanying the process can occur without the phenotype change. After several generations, the strains, remaining phenotypically unchanged, can possess different molecular genetic properties with respect to yellow. Using genetically homogenous or isogenic strains for the genetic analysis or for production of the new plant cultivars or animal breeds, geneticists and breeders often face the problem of stability of the strains. In the present study, the mechanism underlying the generation of instability at the yellow locus of D. melanogaster determined by the hobo-induced genome instability is described.

[Microcloning and characteristics of DNA from regions of the centromeric heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes]. / Mikroklonirovanie i kharakteristika DNK iz raionov pritsentromernogo geterokhromatina politennykh khromosom Drosophila melanogaster.

A method of microcloning, which involves microsurgical excision of chromosome fragments, DNA amplification by means of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and ligation of amplified products with plasmids, was employed in studying Drosophila polytene chromosomes for the first time. Clones of the DNA library thus obtained contained inserts varying in size from 0.1 to 0.5 kb. DNA sequencing of five clones of the library showed that pericentromeric heterochromatin contained the 17.6 and 297 retrotransposons, the ninja retrotransposon characteristic of D. simulans, and two Drosophila repetitive elements, a8 and a12, the function of which remains unknown.

[Criterion for assessing the arterial pressure response to bicycle ergometric loading in the hypertension treatment process]. / Kriterii otsenki reaktsii arterial'nogo davleniia na veloérgo-metricheskuiu nagruzku v protsesse lecheniia gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

In examination of 62 healthy males and 62 patients with hypertensive disease from 40 to 60 years of age, three types of arterial pressure reaction to standard bicycle ergometry exercise were distinguished on the basis of the relationship between the pressure-pulse index and the time of pressure normalization. This method is suggested for objective appraisal of the efficacy of hypotensive therapy and for distinguishing the group of patients with the risk of hypertensive disease development.

[Use of systems approach to solving regional problems of renewal of the stock of ultrasound scanners (the case of the Smolensk Region)]. / O primenenii sistemnogo podkhoda k rezheniiu regional'noi problemy obnovleniia parka ul'trazvukovykh skanerov (na primere Smolenskoi oblasti).

The Smolensk Region (Russian Federation) was used to assess how ultrasound diagnosis is made in the therapeutical and prophylactic institutions. Requirements for the diagnosis are worded in terms of regional, organizational, and other features. At the same time the paper gives main criteria for assessing the obsolescence of equipment; data on the level of organization of service; a share of brands of equipment; and characteristics of manufacturers in the ultrasound equipment market of the Smolensk Region.

[Choice of plasty method in hiatal hernia]. / Vybor sposoba plastiki pri gryzhakh pishchevodnogo otverstiia diafragmy.

From the analysis of surgical treatment results in 144 patients with hiatal hernia, it is concluded that differential approach in the choice of plasty method is necessary. It is determined by hernia's type, anatomical features of esophageal hiatus, concomitant diseases and patient's age. The authors show a preference for incomplete fundoplications methods from transabdominal approach (by Dor, Toupet and by method developed by the authors).

[Galvanic current in the conservative treatment of acute pancreatitis]. / Gal'vanicheskii tok v konservativnom lechenii ostrogo pankreatita.

Experiments were conducted on 42 adult dogs with a model of acute pancreatitis to study the degree of antibiotic storage in the pancreatic tissue in different variants of intralesional+ electrophoresis. Optimum concentration of the antibiotic was produced in transverse galvanization of the zone of the pancreas. Clinical observations over 63 patients with various forms of acute pancreatitis bear evidence that the method raises the efficacy of nonoperative treatment in the oedematous stage of the process and reduces the duration of treatment.

[The efficacy of interstitial electrophoresis in treating trophic ulcers of the lower extremities]. / Effektivnost' vnutritkanevogo élektroforeza pri lechenii troficheskikh iazv nizhnikh konechnostei.

A clinico-laboratory study revealed the efficiency of intratissue electrophoresis of drugs in the complex treatment of patients with trophic ulcer of the lower extremities. This is related to the favourable effect of the electromagnetic field on the lesion focus and possibility to increase the concentration of drugs in the inflammation focus.

[Magnetic therapy in treatment of patients with leg ulcers]. / Magnitoterapiia v lechenii bol'nykh s troficheskimi iazvami nizhnikh konechnostei.

Various magnetic (continuous current, alternating current and "running" impulse) fields were applied in 74 patients with trophic ulcers of lower limbs. 10-12 days after the beginning of the magnetic therapy wound surface has completely cleaned from necrotic tissues, surrounding inflammatory changes eliminated, epithelization of the wounds began. The most pronounced clinical effect was observed after the use of "running" impulse of magnetic field.

[The conduction of combined operations for pulmonary cancer]. / Vypolnenie kombinirovannykh operatsii po povodu raka legkogo.

The supraexpanded (combined) operation was conducted in 36 patients for pulmonary cancer. The conduction of such operations is indicated in spite of their significant postoperative complications occurrence and high postoperative mortality (22.2%) because it permits to improve a grade II pulmonary cancer result of treatment.

[Choice of the method of plasty in hiatal hernia]. / Vybor sposoba plastiki pri gryzhakh pishchevodnogo otverstiia diafragmy.

Results of operative treatment of patients with esophageal hernias of the diaphragm can be substantially improved in cases of differential approach to choice of the plasty method. Choice of the method of plasty depends on the hernia type, topographic-anatomical structure of the esophageal opening of the diaphragm, concomitant diseases and age of the patient. Preference should be given to methods of non-complete fundoplication performed from the transabdominal access.

[Use of constant electric current in prevention of postoperative bronchopulmonary complications in patients with hiatal hernia]. / Ispol'zovanie postoiannogo élektricheskogo toka v profilaktike posleoperatsionnykh bronkholegochnykh oslozhnenii u bol'nykh s gryzhami pishchevodnogo otverstiia diafragmy.

The prophylactics of bronchopulmonary complications was performed by the authors original method of intrapulmonary electrophoresis. It was shown to be effective and allowed the amount of postoperative bronchitis and pneumonia to be reduced from 15-20% to 4.4%.

[Effect of preoperative preparation on the state of the surfactant in chronic pneumonia]. / Vliianie predoperatsionnoi podgotovki na sostoianie surfaktanta u bol'nykh khronicheskoi pnevmoniei.

A complex of physico-chemical, biochemical and morphologic methods was used to study the surfactant state in resected lungs of 44 patients with chronic suppurative processes. A possibility of correction of some surface--active properties of the surfactant through the effect of the preoperative management with the use of intrapulmonary electrophoresis of antibiotics, hydrocortisone and heparin was established.