Promoting Bird Functional Diversity on Landscapes with a Matrix of Planted Eucalyptus spp. in the Atlantic Forest.

Promoting the diversity of biological communities in areas of agricultural production is a very current debate since protected areas may not be sufficient to ensure biodiversity conservation. Among the biological communities affected by the production areas are birds, which show rapid responses to changes in the landscape. Here we seek to understand how landscape planning, concerning its composition and configuration, in areas with a matrix of planted Eucalyptus spp. forests influences the functional diversity of bird assemblages in the Atlantic Forest. Our results show that the spatial distribution design of planted forests in terms of age, land cover and clone types have effects on bird diversity with regard to functional divergence, functional evenness and species richness. These results reinforce the importance of good management for the maintenance of bird diversity. We found that bird functional diversity in planted forest matrices increased with the proximity index, proportion of native vegetation and age importance value, and is negatively influenced by edge density and proportion of forest plantation. For bird conservation, it is thus better to associate Eucalyptus spp. with other cover types in the landscape. These results corroborate that, to increase bird functional diversity, it is possible to associate conservation and production in the same landscape. Mosaic landscapes have great potential to contribute to the conservation of bird biodiversity outside protected areas. However, decisions regarding the management of planted forests and planning of improved areas intended for conservation seem to be decisive to ensure the maintenance of bird biodiversity.

Human-modified landscapes narrow the isotopic niche of neotropical birds.

Deforestation and habitat loss resulting from land use changes are some of the utmost anthropogenic impacts that threaten tropical birds in human-modified landscapes (HMLs). The degree of these impacts on birds' diet, habitat use, and ecological niche can be measured by isotopic analysis. We investigated whether the isotopic niche width, food resources, and habitat use of bird trophic guilds differed between HMLs and natural landscapes (NLs) using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotopes (δ15N). We analyzed feathers of 851 bird individuals from 28 landscapes in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We classified landscapes into two groups according to the percentage of forest cover (HMLs ≤ 30%; NLs ≥ 47%), and compared the isotopic niche width and mean values of δ13C and δ15N for each guild between landscape types. The niches of frugivores, insectivores, nectarivores, and omnivores were narrower in HMLs, whereas granivores showed the opposite pattern. In HMLs, nectarivores showed a reduction of 44% in niche width, while granivores presented an expansion of 26%. Individuals in HMLs consumed more resources from agricultural areas (C4 plants), but almost all guilds showed a preference for forest resources (C3 plants) in both landscape types, except granivores. Degraded and fragmented landscapes typically present a lower availability of habitat and food resources for many species, which was reflected by the reduction in niche width of birds in HMLs. Therefore, to protect the diversity of guilds in HMLs, landscape management strategies that offer birds more diverse habitats must be implemented in tropical regions.

ATLANTIC BIRDS: a data set of bird species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

South America holds 30% of the world's avifauna, with the Atlantic Forest representing one of the richest regions of the Neotropics. Here we have compiled a data set on Brazilian Atlantic Forest bird occurrence (150,423) and abundance samples (N = 832 bird species; 33,119 bird individuals) using multiple methods, including qualitative surveys, mist nets, point counts, and line transects). We used four main sources of data: museum collections, on-line databases, literature sources, and unpublished reports. The data set comprises 4,122 localities and data from 1815 to 2017. Most studies were conducted in the Florestas de Interior (1,510 localities) and Serra do Mar (1,280 localities) biogeographic sub-regions. Considering the three main quantitative methods (mist net, point count, and line transect), we compiled abundance data for 745 species in 576 communities. In the data set, the most frequent species were Basileuterus culicivorus, Cyclaris gujanensis, and Conophaga lineata. There were 71 singletons, such as Lipaugus conditus and Calyptura cristata. We suggest that this small number of records reinforces the critical situation of these taxa in the Atlantic Forest. The information provided in this data set can be used for macroecological studies and to foster conservation strategies in this biodiversity hotspot. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Data Paper if data are used in publications and teaching events.

Is Binge Drinking Associated With Specific Types of Exercise and Free Time Sports? A Pooled Analysis With 718,147 Adults.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between exercise and free time sport types and binge drinking in a large sample of adults. METHODS: Data of 718,147 adults from the "Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey" were used. We described the demographic and behavioral variables, and negative binomial regression analyzed the association between exercise and free time sport types and binge drinking adjusted by demographics variables, body mass index status, and television time. RESULTS: Outdoor walking/running was the most common exercise reported (20.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 19.8%-20.2%), followed by team sports (8.1%; 95% CI, 8.0%-8.2%) and strengthening (8.0%; 95% CI, 7.9%-8.1%). The prevalence of binge drinking for each exercise and free time sport type ranged from 6.9% (water aerobics) to 31.9% (team sports). Participants engaging in strengthening (prevalence ratio = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.21, P = .002) and team sports (prevalence ratio = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.17, P < .001) were more likely to binge drink more frequently in the past 30 days than inactive participants. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that the participants' profile plays an important role in the underlying social context of this association. Participants with more frequent strengthening and less frequent team sports practice, who were primarily younger and single, were more likely to binge drink frequently.

Physical activity pattern before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and association with contextual variables of the pandemic in adults and older adults in southern Brazil.

Aim: To compare the physical activity pattern before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and verify the association with contextual, behavioral, and health variables related to the pandemic in adults and older adults from southern Brazil. Subject and methods: This is a panel-type, population-based study in Rio Grande-RS and Criciúma-SC, with 4290 individuals. The physical activity pattern (dependent variable) was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-IPAQ. In addition, contextual, behavioral, and health aspects related to the pandemic (independent variables) were assessed by questionnaires. Fisher's exact test was used for bivariate analyses and Poisson regression with robust variance to calculate crude and adjusted prevalence, with their respective 95% confidence intervals. Results: There was a 72% reduction in commuting physical activity and a 145% increase in physical inactivity when compared before and during the pandemic. Social distancing, excessive search for information about COVID-19, fear of the pandemic, and COVID-19 infection were all factors that contributed to the decline in physical activity during the pandemic. The home office was a protective factor for physical inactivity. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the pattern of physical activity in the general population, except for those who switched to working from home. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-022-01789-x.

Physical activity level and lifestyle perception in prebariatric surgery patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle perception and physical activity levels in obese prebariatric surgery patients. METHODS: A quantitative, cross-sectional study. The sample comprised 96 male and female morbidly obese prebariatric surgery patients. Questionnaires addressing sociodemographic profile, lifestyle perception and physical activity levels were applied. RESULTS: Patients were aged 40.3±11.45 years. Inadequate levels of physical activity were reported by 47.8% of patients; most respondents (79.2%) attributed scores defined as inadequate to the physical activity domain of the lifestyle questionnaire. Time spent on physical activity practice per week differed significantly between patients reporting being physically active or physically inactive in adolescence (p=0.046). CONCLUSION: Most obese prebariatric surgery patients perceive their lifestyle as inadequate, in spite of eligibility for bariatric surgery. Results also indicate that physical activity practice and nutrition are the domains with greatest impacts on patient lifestyle, and that physical activity practice in adolescence may contribute to adoption of a more active behavior in adulthood, which may represent a vital tool for health promotion in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Large Terrestrial Bird Adapting Behavior in an Urbanized Zone.

Wildlife living within urban ecosystems have to adapt or perish. Red-legged Seriema, a large terrestrial bird, are rare in urban ecosystems, however, they have been reported in a medium-sized Brazilian city. We investigated the reasons for this occurrence as well as their behavior. We assessed the distribution of Seriemas (including fledglings), free-ranging cats, and cat-feeding points provided by humans, and past records of Seriemas in the study area. We discovered that Seriemas are sharing spatial resources with cats without apparent conflicts, and intraspecific competition was important to define the spatial distribution of Seriemas. This species is able to use human-made structures to improve territory defense and opportunistic foraging. Direct and indirect human food provisioning is helping them to survive in the studied area, but is also facilitating the domestication process, which may cause future conflicts with humans and cats. Although Seriemas have inhabited the studied urban area for years, they are still adapting their behaviors for urban life, as they have not yet perceived the dangers of automotive traffic. Our study corroborates that wild species may adapt to urban areas driven by human contact, but it also acts as a trap for the adaptive process.

Is physical activity associated with a higher degree of wisdom? cross-sectional study with high school students / Atividade física está associada com maior grau de sabedoria? estudo transversal com estudantes do ensino médio

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify the association between the degree of wisdom and the level of leisure-time physical activity (PA) of students from a federal public school in southern Brazil. Observational cross-sectional study with 462 young people of both sexes between 15 and 18 years old. Data collection was performed using a self-administered questionnaire on the REDCap platform. The independent variable was the "level of leisure PA" (inactive, insufficiently active, and physically active) and the outcome was the "degree of wisdom" evaluated through a validated questionnaire (SD-WISE7). There was a linear trend towards an increase in the wisdom score according to the level of PA. This trend and significant association continued in the adjusted analysis, with active students averaging 1.84 points more in the wisdom score compared to inactive students. In conclusion, the wisest young people are also the most physically active young people. In view of the potential beneficial effects, current studies may consider wisdom as a possible mediator of PA with health outcomes.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre o grau de sabedoria e o nível de atividade física de lazer (AF) de alunos de uma escola pública federal do sul do Brasil. Estudo observacional de corte transversal com 462 jovens de ambos os sexos entre 15 e 18 anos de idade. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário autoaplicável na plataforma REDCap. A variável independente foi o "nível de AF de lazer" (inativo, insuficientemente ativo e ativo fisicamente) e o desfecho foi a "grau de sabedoria" avaliados por meio de questionários validados. Observou-se tendência linear de aumento do escore de sabedoria conforme o nível de AF. Essa tendência e associação significativa se manteve na análise ajustada, com os ativos tendo em média 1.84 pontos a mais no escore de sabedoria em comparação aos inativos. Em conclusão, os jovens mais sábios também são os jovens mais ativos fisicamente. Tendo em vista os potenciais efeitos benéficos, os estudos atuais podem considerar a sabedoria como um possível mediador da AF com desfechos em saúde.

COVID-19 pandemic and physical inactivity in Brazilian university students: a multicenter study / Pandemia de COVID-19 e inatividade física em estudantes universitários brasileiros: um estudo multicêntrico

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with variables of the pandemic context in Brazilian university students. A cross-sectional, multicentric study was carried out in five public universities in different geographic regions of Brazil. The study included 5,720 students, aged 18 or over, between September 2020 and May 2021. Data collection was performed through a self-administered online questionnaire on the REDCap platform. The dependent variable was physical inactivity. The independent variables were the aspects related to the pandemic. The prevalence of physical inactivity was 48.8% (95%CI: 47.5%; 50.1%), ranging from 26.3% for those who went out every or almost every day for non-essential activities and 64.9 % for those who stayed at home all the time. University students who reported continuing to work normally and who were afraid of the pandemic were more likely to be physically inactive. The groups that were less likely to have the outcome were those with a reduction in income, those who left home more often for essential and non-essential activities, those who started working at home, those who complied with the social distancing, and those who had a risk factor for COV-ID-19. The findings indicate that one in two Brazilian university students are physically inactive and the main risk factors were isolation and fear of the pandemic. Interventions are recommended to promote physical activity, especially for the groups most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a prevalência de inatividade física durante a pandemia de COVID-19 e a associação com variáveis do contexto pandêmico em universitários brasileiros. Conduziu-se uma pesquisa transversal, multicêntrica, em cinco universidades públicas das diferentes regiões geográficas do Brasil. Participaram do estudo 5.720 estudantes, de 18 anos ou mais, entre setembro de 2020 e maio de 2021. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário autoaplicável online na plataforma REDCap. A variável dependente foi inatividade física. As variáveis independentes foram os aspectos relacionados à pandemia. A prevalência de inatividade física foi de 48,8% (IC95%: 47,5%; 50,1%), variando entre 26,3% para os que saíram todos ou quase todos os dias para atividades não essenciais e 64,9% para os que ficaram em casa o tempo todo. Universitários que referiram continuar trabalhando normalmente e que tinham medo da pandemia tiveram maior probabilidade de serem inativos fisicamente. Já os grupos que tiveram menor probabilidade para o desfecho foram os que tiveram redução na renda, os que saíram mais de casa para atividades essenciais e não-essenciais, os que passaram a trabalhar em casa, os que cumpriram o distanciamento social e os que tinham algum fator de risco para COVID-19. Os achados indicam que um a cada dois universitários brasileiros são inativos fisicamente e os principais fatores de risco foram continuar trabalhando normalmente e medo da pandemia. Recomendam-se intervenções para promover a atividade física, especialmente para os grupos mais afetados pela pandemia de COVID-19

Effects of inclusion of proprioception training in the recovery of adults submitted to anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: a systematic review / Efeitos da inclusão do treinamento de propriocepção na recuperação de adultos submetidos à cirurgia de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior: uma revisão sistemática

ABSTRACT Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is an injury in young adults, triggering undesirable neuromuscular effects. A rehabilitation program is structured with exercises that aid in intensive care training, and proprioceptive training has been proposed as one of the training/rehabilitation methods in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Thus, this study aimed to analyze, through a systematic literature review, the effects of including proprioceptive training on different outcomes (stability/balance, proprioception, strength, functional capacity, coordination) after ACL reconstruction surgery in young adults. The search of the articles included studies in the last ten years, being a search conducted in November 2018. Searches were conducted in the electronic databases of PubMed and Science Direct with a following search methodology: (("Proprioception" [Mesh] ) OR "Proprioception" [Word Text]) AND ("Anterior Cruciate Ligament" [Mesh] OR "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction" [Mesh] OR "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury" [Mesh]). Six studies were selected for the analysis and the results obtained there is insufficient scientific evidence showing the positive effects of training in proprioceptive training after ACL reconstruction in adults, in view of a shortage of studies, such as discrepancies in findings, without time of intervention and in the tests contracted in the analysis of the variables.

RESUMO A ruptura do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) é a lesão de joelho mais frenquente em adultos jovens, desencadeando consequências neuromusculares indesejáveis. Um programa de reabilitação bem estruturado com exercícios que ajudem a minimizar os efeitos deletérios dessas consequências são necessários, e o treinamento proprioceptivo tem sido proposto como um dos métodos de treinamento/reabilitação em pacientes submetidos a reconstrução do LCA. Assim, esse estudo teve como objetivo analisar por meio de revisão sistemática de literatura os efeitos da inclusão do treinamento proprioceptivo sobre diferentes desfechos (estabilidade/equilíbrio, propriocepção, força, capacidade funcional, coordenação) após cirurgia de reconstrução de LCA em adultos jovens. A busca dos artigos incluiu estudos produzidos nos últimos dez anos, sendo a busca realizada no mês de novembro de 2018. Foram conduzidas buscas nas bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed e Science Direct com a seguinte estratégia de busca: (("Proprioception"[Mesh] OR "Proprioception"[Text Word])) AND ("Anterior Cruciate Ligament"[Mesh] OR "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction"[Mesh] OR "Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries"[Mesh]). Seis estudos foram selecionados para análise e os resultados mostraram que não há evidencias científicas suficientes que mostrem os efeitos positivos da inclusão do treinamento proprioceptivo após cirurgia de reconstrução de LCA em adultos, tendo em vista a escassez de estudos, as discrepâncias nos achados, no tempo de intervenção e nos testes utilizados nas análises das variáveis.

Physical activity level and lifestyle perception in prebariatric surgery patients / Nível de atividade física e percepção do estilo de vida de pacientes pré-cirurgia bariátrica

Abstract Objective To determine sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle perception and physical activity levels in obese prebariatric surgery patients. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional study. The sample comprised 96 male and female morbidly obese prebariatric surgery patients. Questionnaires addressing sociodemographic profile, lifestyle perception and physical activity levels were applied. Results Patients were aged 40.3±11.45 years. Inadequate levels of physical activity were reported by 47.8% of patients; most respondents (79.2%) attributed scores defined as inadequate to the physical activity domain of the lifestyle questionnaire. Time spent on physical activity practice per week differed significantly between patients reporting being physically active or physically inactive in adolescence (p=0.046). Conclusion Most obese prebariatric surgery patients perceive their lifestyle as inadequate, in spite of eligibility for bariatric surgery. Results also indicate that physical activity practice and nutrition are the domains with greatest impacts on patient lifestyle, and that physical activity practice in adolescence may contribute to adoption of a more active behavior in adulthood, which may represent a vital tool for health promotion in patients undergoing bariatric surgery.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar as características sociodemográficas, a percepção do estilo de vida e o nível de atividade física dos pacientes obesos em pré-cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos Pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, do tipo transversal. A amostra foi composta por 96 pacientes obesos mórbidos pré-cirurgia bariátrica de ambos os sexos. Foram aplicados questionários contendo informações sobre o perfil sociodemográfico, a percepção do estilo de vida e o nível de atividade física. Resultados A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 40,3±11,45 anos. O nível inadequado de atividade física avaliado foi verificado em 47,8% dos pacientes, e o domínio atividade física do questionário sobre estilo de vida foi pontuado como inadequado pela maioria dos entrevistados (79,2%). Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o tempo de prática de atividade física semanal dos praticantes e não praticantes na adolescência (p=0,046). Conclusão A maioria dos pacientes obesos pré-cirurgia bariátrica apresenta percepção de estilo de vida inadequada, apesar de terem sido considerados aptos à cirurgia bariátrica. A prática da atividade física e a nutrição são os domínios que exercem maior impacto no estilo de vida desses pacientes, e a realização de atividades físicas na adolescência pode contribuir para a adoção de um comportamento mais ativo na idade adulta, o que pode representar ferramenta fundamental para promoção da saúde, a ser considerada com os pacientes após a cirurgia bariátrica.

Efeitos do exercício físico sobre diabetes mellitus tipo 1: uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos e randomizados / Effects of physical exercise on type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review of clinical and randomized tests

RESUMO Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) caracteriza-se como patologia crônica autoimune. Exercício físico (EF) é considerado estratégia positiva no processo terapêutico do DM1. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar evidências científicas sobre os efeitos do EF em indivíduos com DM1. Trata-se de revisão sistemática de literatura, de estudos clínicos e randomizados. Realizou-se levantamento em periódicos indexados nas bases de dados PUBMED, SCOPUS, COCHRANE, LILACS e SCIELO. Os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde utilizados foram: diabetes mellitus, type 1 AND exercise e seus correspondentes em português e espanhol. Foram incluídos 28 artigos publicados entre os anos de 2012 e 2016. Todos os estudos abordaram a relação entre o gerenciamento da patologia e diferentes tipos, frequência, volume, duração e intensidade de exercícios. Diferentes assuntos foram abordados, como: pâncreas artificiais, dieta, suplementação, insulina e hipoglicemia. Um dos grandes desafios para assegurar boa gestão do DM1 com prática de EF são relacionados ao controle da glicemia e à hipoglicemia durante, logo depois ou tardiamente após a intervenção. Os EF aeróbicos, resistidos, pilates e intermitentes, em conjunto com dieta adequada, horários de refeições e suplementação mostraram-se eficazes no gerenciamento de diversas váriáveis metabólicas e clínicas dos pacientes com DM1.

ABSTRACT Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (DM1) is characterized as chronic autoimmune pathology. Physical exercise (PE) is considered a positive strategy in DM1 therapy. The aim of the study was to systematize scientific evidence linking EF interventions in individuals with DM1. This is a systematic review of the literature, from clinical and randomized studies. A survey was carried out in indexed journals in the PUBMED, SCOPUS, COCHRANE, LILACS and SCIELO databases. The Descritors Health Sciences used were: diabetes mellitus, type 1 AND exercise and their correspondents in portuguese and spanish. We included 28 articles published between the years 2012 and 2016. All studies addressed the relationship between pathology management and different types, frequency, volume, duration and intensity of exercises. Different subjects were approached, such as: artificial pancreas, diet, supplementation, insulin and hypoglycemia. One of the great challenges to ensure good management of DM1 with EF practice is related to glycemic control and hypoglycemia during, shortly after or after intervention. The aerobic, resisted, pilates and intermittent PE, along with adequate diet, meal times and supplementation were effective in managing the various metabolic and clinical variables of patients with DM1.