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A living donor kidney transplant (LDKT) is the best treatment for ESRD. A prediction tool based on clinical and demographic data available pre-KT was developed in a Norwegian cohort with three different models to predict graft loss, recipient death, and donor candidate's risk of death, the iPREDICTLIVING tool. No external validations are yet available. We sought to evaluate its predictive performance in our cohort of 352 pairs LKDT submitted to KT from 1998 to 2019. The model for censored graft failure (CGF) showed the worse discriminative performance with Harrell's C of .665 and a time-dependent AUC of .566, with a calibration slope of .998. For recipient death, at 10 years, the model had a Harrell's C of .776, a time-dependent AUC of .773, and a calibration slope of 1.003. The models for donor death were reasonably discriminative, although with a poor calibration, particularly for 20 years of death, with a Harrell's C of .712 and AUC of .694 with a calibration slope of .955. These models have moderate discriminative and calibration performance in our population. The tool was validated in this Northern Portuguese cohort, Caucasian, with a low incidence of diabetes and other comorbidities. It can improve the informed decision-making process at the living donor consultation joining clinical and other relevant information.
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Transplante de Rim , Doadores Vivos , Humanos , Transplantados , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Sobrevivência de EnxertoRESUMO
Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) is the best treatment for selected individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease. Despite advances in surgical techniques, donor and recipient selection, and immunosuppressive therapies, SPKT remains a complex procedure with associated surgical complications and adverse consequences. We conducted a retrospective study that included 263 SPKT procedures performed between May 2000, and December 2022. A total of 65 patients (25%) required at least one relaparotomy, resulting in an all-cause relaparotomy rate of 2.04 events per 100 in-hospital days. Lower donor body mass index was identified as an independent factor associated with reoperation (OR .815; 95% CI: .725-.917, p = .001). Technical failure (TF) occurred in 9.9% of cases, primarily attributed to pancreas graft thrombosis, intra-abdominal infections, bleeding, and anastomotic leaks. Independent predictors of TF at 90 days included donor age above 36 years (HR 2.513; 95% CI 1.162-5.434), previous peritoneal dialysis (HR 2.503; 95% CI 1.149-5.451), and specific pancreas graft reinterventions. The findings highlight the importance of carefully considering donor and recipient factors in SPKT. The incidence of TF in our study population aligns with the recent series. Continuous efforts should focus on identifying and mitigating potential risk factors to enhance SPKT outcomes, thereby reducing post-transplant complications.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Falência Renal Crônica , Transplante de Rim , Transplante de Pâncreas , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Transplante de Pâncreas/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Seguimentos , Fatores de Risco , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Prognóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/cirurgia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Rejeição de Enxerto/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reoperação/estatística & dados numéricos , Testes de Função Renal , Taxa de Sobrevida , Taxa de Filtração GlomerularRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Objective assessment of pre-operative functional capacity in cancer patients using the smartphone gyroscope during the Chester step (CST) test may allow greater sensitivity of test results. This study has investigated whether the CST is a postoperative hospital permanence predictor in cancer patients undergoing abdominopelvic surgery through work, VO2MAX and gyroscopic movement analysis. METHODS: Prospective, quantitative, descriptive and inferential observational cohort study. Fifty-one patients were evaluated using CST in conjunction with a smartphone gyroscope. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to examine the predictive value of the CST. RESULTS: The duration of hospital permanence 30 days after surgery was longer when patients who performed stage 1 showed lower RMS amplitude and higher peak power. The work increased as the test progressed in stage 3. High VO2MAX seemed to be a predictor of hospital permanence in those who completed levels 3 and 4 of the test. CONCLUSION: The use of the gyroscope was more accurate in detecting mobility changes, which predicted a less favorable result for those who met at level 1 of the CST. VO2MAX was a predictor of prolonged hospitalization from level 3 of the test. The work was less accurate to determine the patient's true functional capacity.
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Teste de Esforço , Neoplasias , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Smartphone , Análise MultivariadaRESUMO
The quest for improving energy efficiency is transversal to all areas of society. Higher education institutions represent an important sector in this quest due to their high demand, but also for the role model that they can play in educating energy-efficient citizens and piloting new approaches and experiences. Thus, decreasing energy consumption in higher education institutions, in addition to reducing the carbon footprint, contributes to ameliorating countries' energy bills, and, most importantly, contributes to a more sustainable society. The purpose of the paper, based on the energy consumption of the University of Minho, Portugal, between 2007 and 2022, is threefold: first, to evaluate how energy consumption and associated carbon footprint indicators have performed under a sustainable strategy program, second to reflect on total energy and specific energy indicators, and lastly to emphasize the need to improve energy metering and planning systems to account for the distinctive needs of the different scientific area buildings. This is not only relevant but also rare to find in scientific literature. Findings suggest that UMinho's energy consumption is in line with the numbers reported in the literature. Moreover, detailed indicators, specified by scientific area building, show diverse patterns in energy use, demonstrating the limitations of an overall analysis of buildings in the university campi. The results show that energy efficiency improved as a result of the implemented action plan, and demonstrate the need for detailed and specific indicators that reflect the different needs of each scientific area. The results provided by this refinement call for the design of tailored initiatives to decrease energy consumption, since they allow the planning of specific measures and programs for different energy use patterns, and therefore improve their efficiency. Finally, the preliminary results of the analysis of building specific energy use point to the need for more detailed data on hourly and daily consumption and academic term given the relative contribution of users' behaviour.
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Spontaneous rupture of the uterine artery is a rare and life-threatening cause of hemoperitoneum in pregnancy, associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. We present a case of a 29-year-old woman, in the 36th week of gestation, with acute abdomen due to hemoperitoneum. Ultrasound revealed free fluid in the abdominal cavity, with no signs of fetal distress, and the patient was mildly hypotensive. Exploratory laparotomy and cesarean section were performed, and extensive blood clots on the upper abdominal quadrants were discovered, as well as a bleeding left uterine artery. We expect that this case raises awareness of the ruptured uterine artery as a possible etiology of hemoperitoneum during pregnancy.
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Background The use of kidney donors with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been arising as a possibility to increase the donor pool. It encompasses both the use of donors with positive and negative viremia, particularly since the advent of direct antiviral agents that produce sustained virologic response. Methodology We conducted a retrospective observational study to describe the experience of our transplantation center in the use of HCV antibody-positive (HCV-Ab+) kidneys. Results We performed five transplants with HCV-Ab+ donors. The median age of kidney recipients was 63 (interquartile range (IQR) = 54-71) years, and 60% (n = 3) were males. Two recipients received a second transplant. The median dialysis vintage was 1,414 (IQR = 1,103-2,806) days. The induction immunosuppression protocol was basiliximab in most patients (60%, n = 3), and all received maintenance immunosuppression with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisolone. One of the recipients had a personal history of cured HCV infection. Seroconversion occurred in half of the remaining patients, which was sustained during the follow-up. None of the patients developed HCV viremia. At the end of follow-up, mean creatinine and proteinuria were 1.45 ± 1.12 mg/dL and 0.099 ± 0.045 g/g, respectively. We did not observe any rejection episodes, need for dialysis, or recipient's death. Conclusions Our work aligns with the current literature that advocates that the use of these donors is safe and cost-effective and can be an effective strategy for expanding the donor pool and augmenting the transplantation volume. Seroconversion is a known risk whose mechanisms are not entirely understood, although it does not appear to be related to a higher transmission risk.
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Transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) is a well-recognized vascular complication after kidney transplantation, with an incidence ranging from 1% to 23%. TRAS often presents with clinical features such as refractory hypertension, de novo hypertension, allograft dysfunction, and the presence of a bruit over the graft. A rare manifestation of TRAS is flash pulmonary edema. Here, we present a case of a 37-year-old male who received a living donor kidney. Four years after the transplant, he presented with acute kidney injury, hypertensive crisis, and flash pulmonary edema. Initially, methylprednisolone pulses were administered due to suspicion of acute rejection, which was later ruled out after a kidney graft biopsy. Computed tomography angiography showed findings suggesting stenosis or thrombus in the renal artery. The patient developed sudden acute pulmonary edema, requiring hemodialysis, with notable clinical improvement. Subsequently, stent placement was performed without complications, resulting in the complete recovery of renal function and effective blood pressure control. The incidence of renal artery stenosis is higher in living donor kidney transplantation, mainly due to technical complexities during surgery. Acute presentations, such as flash edema, are exceptionally rare but can occur years after transplantation. Prompt intervention can lead to favorable outcomes.
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Transplante de Rim , Doadores Vivos , Edema Pulmonar , Obstrução da Artéria Renal , Humanos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Adulto , Obstrução da Artéria Renal/etiologia , Obstrução da Artéria Renal/cirurgia , Obstrução da Artéria Renal/diagnóstico por imagem , Edema Pulmonar/etiologia , StentsRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In 2011, a European phenylketonuria (PKU) survey reported that the blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels were well controlled in early life but deteriorated with age. Other studies have shown similar results across the globe. Different target blood Phe levels have been used throughout the years, and, in 2017, the European PKU guidelines defined new targets for blood Phe levels. This study aimed to evaluate blood Phe control in patients with PKU across Europe. METHODS: nine centres managing PKU in Europe and Turkey participated. Data were collected retrospectively from medical and dietetic records between 2012 and 2018 on blood Phe levels, PKU severity, and medications. RESULTS: A total of 1323 patients (age range:1-57, 51% male) participated. Patient numbers ranged from 59 to 320 in each centre. The most common phenotype was classical PKU (n = 625, 48%), followed by mild PKU (n = 357, 27%) and hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) (n = 325, 25%). The mean percentage of blood Phe levels within the target range ranged from 65 ± 54% to 88 ± 49% for all centres. The percentage of Phe levels within the target range declined with increasing age (<2 years: 89%; 2-5 years: 84%; 6-12 years: 73%; 13-18 years: 85%; 19-30 years: 64%; 31-40 years: 59%; and ≥41 years: 40%). The mean blood Phe levels were significantly lower and the percentage within the target range was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in patients with HPA (290 ± 325 µmol/L; 96 ± 24%) and mild PKU (365 ± 224 µmol/L; 77 ± 36%) compared to classical PKU (458 ± 350 µmol/L, 54 ± 46%). There was no difference between males and females in the mean blood Phe levels (p = 0.939), but the percentage of Phe levels within the target range was higher in females among school-age children (6-12 years; 83% in females vs. 78% in males; p = 0.005), adolescents (13-18 years; 62% in females vs. 59% in males; p = 0.034) and adults (31-40 years; 65% in females vs. 41% in males; p < 0.001 and >41 years; 43% in females vs. 28% in males; p < 0.001). Patients treated with sapropterin (n = 222) had statistically significantly lower Phe levels compared to diet-only-treated patients (mean 391 ± 334 µmol/L; percentage within target 84 ± 39% vs. 406 ± 334 µmol/L; 73 ± 41%; p < 0.001), although a blood Phe mean difference of 15 µmol/L may not be clinically relevant. An increased frequency of blood Phe monitoring was associated with better metabolic control (p < 0.05). The mean blood Phe (% Phe levels within target) from blood Phe samples collected weekly was 271 ± 204 µmol/L, (81 ± 33%); for once every 2 weeks, it was 376 ± 262 µmol/L, (78 ± 42%); for once every 4 weeks, it was 426 ± 282 µmol/L, (71 ± 50%); and less than monthly samples, it was 534 ± 468 µmol/L, (70 ± 58%). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, blood Phe control deteriorated with age. A higher frequency of blood sampling was associated with better blood Phe control with less variability. The severity of PKU and the available treatments and resources may impact the blood Phe control achieved by each treatment centre.
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Fenilalanina , Fenilcetonúrias , Humanos , Fenilcetonúrias/sangue , Fenilalanina/sangue , Masculino , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Europa (Continente) , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Turquia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Abstract Introduction: Kidney transplant (KT) recipients have a high risk for adverse outcomes from infections, such as COVID-19. Methods: We have retrospectively reviewed all KT recipients with documented COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and March 15, 2021, and analyzed patients' characteristics, clinical course, treatment, and outcomes. Results: We identified 123 patients, 72% were male, with a mean age of 54.5±13.0 years. Twenty percent were asymptomatic, 7% had a nosocomial transmission, and 36% of the remainder required hospitalization. Almost all admitted patients received oxygen, 30% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), more than a half had acute kidney injury, with 10% requiring dialysis, and 20% died. Incidence was comparable to that of the Portuguese population, but the mortality rate was almost four times higher (SMR of 3.768 (95% CI:1.723-7.154). Higher body mass index (OR 1.275, P=0.001), lower baseline graft function (OR 0.968, P=0.015), and nosocomial transmission (OR 13.836, P=0.019) were associated with oxygen demand, whereas female gender (OR 3.801, P=0.031) and lower baseline kidney graft function (OR 0.955, P=0.005), but not body mass index, were associated with IMV and/or death. Conclusion: Mortality rate in KT patients was higher than in the general population and lower baseline kidney function was the most consistent marker for adverse outcomes.
Resumo Introdução: Os receptores de transplante renal (TR) apresentam um alto risco para desfechos adversos de infecções, tais como a COVID-19. Métodos: Revisamos retrospectivamente todos os receptores de TR com COVID-19 documentada entre 1º de Março de 2020 e 15 de Março de 2021, e analisamos as características, curso clínico, tratamento e desfechos dos pacientes. Resultados: Identificamos 123 pacientes, 72% do sexo masculino, com uma média de idade de 54,5±13,0 anos. Vinte por cento eram assintomáticos, 7% apresentaram transmissão nosocomial, e 36% do restante necessitaram de internação. Quase todos os pacientes internados receberam oxigênio, 30% necessitaram de ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI), mais da metade apresentou lesão renal aguda, com 10% necessitando de diálise, e 20% foram a óbito. A incidência foi comparável à da população portuguesa, mas a taxa de mortalidade foi quase quatro vezes superior (TMP de 3,768 (IC 95%: 1,723-7,154). Maior índice de massa corporal (OR 1,275; P=0,001), menor função do enxerto basal (OR 0,968; P=0,015), e transmissão nosocomial (OR 13,836; P=0,019) foram associados à demanda de oxigênio, enquanto sexo feminino (OR 3,801; P=0,031) e menor função do enxerto renal basal (OR 0,955; P=0,005), mas não índice de massa corporal, foram associados à VMI e/ou óbito. Conclusão: A taxa de mortalidade em pacientes com TR foi mais elevada do que na população em geral e a função renal basal mais baixa foi o marcador mais consistente para desfechos adversos.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Tyrosinemia type III (HT III) is the rarest form of tyrosinemia, and the full clinical spectrum of this disorder is still unknown. The neurological involvement varies, including intellectual impairment and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). We report the case of two siblings diagnosed with HT III at different ages. Case description: The index case was diagnosed by newborn screening for endocrine and metabolic disorders, starting a low-protein diet immediately, with a consistent decrease in tyrosine levels. By the age of three, the child displayed a hyperactive behavior, starting treatment for ADHD two years later. At seven years of age, he shows a slight improvement in terms of behavior and attention span and has a cognitive performance slightly lower than his peers, despite maintaining acceptable tyrosine levels. His sister, who had a history of ADHD since age five, was diagnosed with HT III after family screening at the age of eight. Despite initiating a dietetic treatment, her behavior did not improve, and she has a mild intellectual impairment. Comments: This is the first case report describing siblings with HT III who underwent nutritional treatment with a low-protein diet in different phases of life, with a better neurological and behavioral evaluation in the patient who started treatment earlier.
RESUMO Objetivo: A tirosinemia tipo III (TT III) é a forma mais rara das tirosinemias e o espectro clínico desta entidade não está totalmente esclarecido. O envolvimento neurológico é variável, incluindo o atraso cognitivo ou transtorno do déficit de atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH). Descrevemos o caso de dois irmãos que foram diagnosticados com TT III em idades diferentes. Descrição dos casos: O caso índice foi diagnosticado no contexto do rastreio endócrino-metabólico neonatal, tendo iniciado imediatamente dieta hipoproteica, com redução consistente dos níveis de tirosina. Por volta dos três anos, foi detectado um comportamento hiperativo, tendo iniciado dois anos depois tratamento para o TDAH. Aos sete anos, apresenta leve melhora de comportamento e da atenção e avaliação cognitiva levemente inferior ou pouco abaixo quando comparado a crianças da mesma faixa etária, apesar de manter níveis aceitáveis de tirosina. A sua irmã, com história de TDAH desde os cinco anos, foi diagnosticada de TT III aos oito anos no contexto do rastreio de familiares. Apesar de iniciar tratamento dietético, nenhum efeito foi notado em termos de comportamento e a doente apresenta leve atraso cognitivo. Comentários: Este é o primeiro caso clínico descrito de irmãos com TT III que iniciaram terapêutica dietética com dieta hipoproteica em diferentes fases da vida, com melhor avaliação em termos neurológicos e comportamentais no doente que iniciou tratamento mais precocemente.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/etiologia , Tirosinemias/diagnóstico , Tirosinemias/complicações , Tirosinemias/terapia , IrmãosRESUMO
Abstract The occurrence of ascites after Renal Transplant (RT) is infrequent, and may be a consequence of surgical or medical complications. Case report: 61 year-old, male, history of arterial hypertension, tongue carcinoma and alcoholic habits 12-20g/day. He had chronic kidney disease secondary to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, without hepatic polycystic disease. He underwent cadaver donor RT in September 2017. He had delayed graft function by surgically corrected renal artery stenosis. He was admitted in January 2018 for ascites de novo, with no response to diuretics. HE had visible abdominal collateral circulation. Graft dysfunction, adequate tacrolinemia, Innocent urinary sediment, mild anemia, without thrombocytopenia. Serum albumin 4.0g / dL. Normal hepatic biochemistry. Peritoneal fluid with transudate characteristics and serum albumin gradient > 1.1. Ultrasound showed hepatomegaly, permeable vascular axes, without splenomegaly. Mycophenolate mofetil was suspended, with reduced remaining immunosuppression. He maintained refractory ascites: excluded infectious, metabolic, autoimmune and neoplastic etiologies. No nephrotic proteinuria and no heart failure. MRI: micronodules compatible with bile cysts. Upper Digestive Tract Endoscopy did not show gastroesophageal varicose veins. Normal abdominal lymphoscintigraphy. He underwent exploratory laparoscopy with liver biopsy: incomplete septal cirrhosis of probable vascular etiology some dilated bile ducts. He maintained progressive RT dysfunction and restarted hemodialysis. The proposed direct measurement of portal pressure was delayed by ascites resolution. There was further recovery of the graft function. Discussion: Incomplete septal cirrhosis is an uncommon cause of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Its definition is not well known, morphological and pathophysiological. We have not found published cases of post-RT ascites secondary to this pathology, described as possibly associated with drugs, immune alterations, infections, hypercoagulability and genetic predisposition.
Resumo A ocorrência de ascite no pós-Transplante Renal (TR) é infrequente, podendo ser consequência de complicações cirúrgicas ou médicas. Caso clínico: 61 anos, masculino, antecedentes de hipertensão arterial, carcinoma da língua e hábitos alcoólicos 12-20g/dia. Doença renal crônica secundária à doença renal poliquística autossômica dominante, sem poliquistose hepática. Submetido a TR de doador cadáver em setembro de 2017. Atraso na função de enxerto por estenose da artéria renal, corrigida cirurgicamente. Internado em janeiro de 2018 por ascite de novo, sem resposta a diuréticos. Circulação colateral abdominal visível. Disfunção do enxerto, tacrolinemia adequada. Sedimento urinário inocente. Anemia ligeira, sem trombocitopenia. Albumina sérica 4,0g/dL. Bioquímica hepática normal. Líquido peritoneal com características de transudado e gradiente sero-ascítico de albumina > 1,1. Ecografia com hepatomegalia, eixos vasculares permeáveis, sem esplenomegalia. Suspendeu micofenolato mofetil, reduziu restante imunossupressão. Manteve ascite refratária: excluídas etiologias infecciosas, metabólicas, autoimunes e neoplásicas. Sem proteinúria nefrótica e sem insuficiência cardíaca. RM: micronódulos compatíveis com quistos biliares. EDA sem varizes gastroesofágicas. Linfocintigrafia abdominal normal. Submetido a laparoscopia exploradora com biópsia hepática: cirrose septal incompleta de provável etiologia vascular, alguns ductos biliares dilatados. Manteve disfunção progressiva do TR, reiniciou hemodiálise. Proposta medição direta da pressão portal, protelada por resolução da ascite. Recuperação posterior da função de enxerto. Discussão: A cirrose septal incompleta é uma causa incomum de hipertensão portal não cirrótica. A sua definição é morfológica e a fisiopatologia, pouco conhecida. Não encontramos publicados casos de ascite pós-TR secundária a esta patologia, descrita como possivelmente associada a fármacos, alterações imunitárias, infecções, hipercoagulabilidade e predisposição genética.
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ascite/etiologia , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Cirrose Hepática/patologia , Ascite/diagnóstico , Diálise Renal/normas , Rim Policístico Autossômico Dominante/complicações , Função Retardada do Enxerto/complicações , Hipertensão Portal/etiologia , Cirrose Hepática/complicaçõesRESUMO
Abstract In Portugal, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-responsive patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) are identified using a loading test (LT). Phenylalanine/natural protein (Phe/NP) intake is increased to elevate blood Phe prior to the LT. In a longitudinal retrospective study, the impact of Phe/NP titration post-LT in 58 patients (19.6 + 8.2 years) with PKU during 4 study periods (SPs) was examined. In SP1 (2010-2013), patients were diet treated only; in SP2 (2014), the Phe/NP titration was followed by the LT in SP3 (2015). In SP4 (2016), patients received diet treatment only (n » 49) or BH4 þdiet (n » 9). The median percentage blood Phe within the target range was higher in SP1 versus SP4 (64 [28-85] vs 45 [0-66]; P < .001). Our results suggest that transient Phe/NP titration, associated with a deliberate increase in NP, may adversely affect metabolic control. Controlled studies are necessary to examine the longer term impact of temporary increased NP with BH4 LT in non-BH4-responsive patients.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at comparing epidural thoracic S(+) ketamine and morphine, both associated to ropivacaine, for mastectomy procedures. METHODS: This is a prospective study with 26 patients aged between 18 and 70 years, submitted to mastectomy, who were divided into two equal groups. Group M (morphine) patients have received 12 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine associated to 2 mg preservative-free morphine; Group K (ketamine) patients have received 12 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine associated to 50 mg of preservative-free S(+) ketamine. We have evaluated hemodynamic parameters, need for vasopressors, drugs for sedation, pain visual analog scale in the first 24 hours, analgesic and antiemetic consumption, and incidence of nausea and vomiting. RESULTS: There has been no statistical difference between groups in demographics, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, amount of local anesthetics or need for vasopressors. The ketamine group has demanded more midazolam to control sedation (p = 0.0005). This group had lower pain scores at post-anesthetic care unit discharge (p = 0.0018), 12 hours after procedure (p = 0.0001) and 24 hours later (p = 0.0094). The Morphine Group had higher pain scores at post-anesthetic care unit, 12 and 24 postoperative hours, and has demanded more postoperative analgesics (dipirone, p = 0.0009) and antiemetics (metoclopramide, p = 0.0032). CONCLUSION: It has been observed that S(+) ketamine in the evaluated dose was hemodynamically safe and effective, with better performance to control postoperative pain, generating less analgesic consumption as well as lower incidence of nausea and vomiting.
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a S(+) cetamina em relação à morfina associada à ropivacaína por via peridural torácica em operações de mastectomia. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo com 26 pacientes com idade entre 18 e 70 anos submetidas à mastectomia, divididas em dois grupos de igual tamanho. As pacientes do Grupo M (morfina) receberam 12 mL de ropivacaína a 0,75% associadas a 2 mg de morfina sem conservantes, e as pacientes do Grupo C (cetamina) receberam 12 mL de ropivacaína a 0,75% associadas a 50 mg de S(+) cetamina sem conservantes. Foram avaliados os parâmetros hemodinâmicos, a necessidade de vasopressores, os fármacos para sedação, a escala analógica visual de dor nas primeiras 24 horas, consumo de analgésicos e de antieméticos e a incidência de náuseas e vômitos. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos em relação a dados demográficos, níveis de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, quantidade de anestésico local utilizado ou necessidade de vasopressores. O GC demandou maior uso de midazolam para controle da sedação (p = 0,0005). Este grupo apresentou menores escores de dor ao serem avaliados na alta da sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (p = 0,0018), após 12 horas do procedimento (p = 0,0001) e após 24 horas (p = 0,0094). O grupo morfina apresentou maiores escores de dor na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica, após 12 e 24 horas, demandando maior uso de analgésicos no pós-operatório (dipirona, p = 0,0009) assim como antieméticos (metoclopramida, p = 0,0032). CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que a S(+) cetamina na dose avaliada foi segura e eficaz do ponto de vista hemodinâmico, apresentando melhor desempenho no controle de dor pós-operatória, gerando menor consumo de analgésicos, assim como menor incidência de náuseas e vômitos.
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Analgesia , Anestesia Epidural , MastectomiaRESUMO
A análise da massa muscular (MM) em idosos, seja total (MMT) ou apendicular (MMA), é importante para o acompanhamento deste componente ao longo do envelhecimento, sendo que estes valores são mais associados à incapacidade funcional quando ajustados pela estatura, possibilitando, assim, a análise dos índices de massa muscular total (IMMT) e apendicular (IMMA). O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar valores normativos, expressos em médias e percentis, de MMT, MMA, IMMT e IMMA, de idosos do município de São Paulo, segundo sexo e grupos etários. A amostra foi composta por 1203 idosos de ambos os sexos, da coorte de 2006 do Estudo SABE: Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento, realizado no município de São Paulo, Brasil. As variáveis MMT e MMA foram identificadas a partir de equações preditivas, enquanto os respectivos índices, pela razão entre os valores de MM e altura, ao quadrado (em kg.m-2). Os valores médios e os desvios-padrão de MMT, de mulheres e homens, com menos de 80 e 80 anos e mais, foram, em kg, 17,7±3,6, 14,4±3,2, 26,9±3,8 e 24,1±2,9, respectivamente, enquanto os valores de MMA foram 14,4±2,1, 13,0±2,0, 21,0±2,8 e 19,4±2,3, respectivamente. Quando ajustados pela altura, os valores de IMMT foram, em kg.m-2, 7,6±1,4, 6,3±1,2, 9,8±1,1 e 8,9±0,9, e os valores de IMMA foram, 6,1±0,7, 5,7±0,7, 7,6±0,8 e 7,2±0,7, respectivamente. Todas as variáveis apresentaram alta correlação entre si (r>0,84). Homens e idosos mais jovens apresentaram maiores valores, com significância estatística, em relação aos seus pares e as diferenças entre os grupos etários são maiores entre as mulheres.
The analysis of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in older adults, either total-body skeletal muscle mass (TSMM) or appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), is important to monitor this component throughout aging. These values are more often associated with disability when adjusted for height, thus enabling the analysis of total muscle mass index (TMMI) and appendicular muscle mass index (AMMI). The objective of the present study was to present the standard mean and percentile values of TSMM, ASMM, TMMI, and AMMI of older adults from the city of São Paulo according to sex and age group. The sample consisted of 1,203 male and female older adults who participated in the 2006 cohort of the SABE Study: Health, Wellness and Aging, conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. The variables TSMM and ASMM were calculated using predictive equations, whereas their respective indexes were calculated using the ratio between the values of SMM and squared height (in kg.m-2). The means and standard deviations of TSMM in women and men 80 years old or younger and older than 80 years old were: 17.7±3.6, 14.4±3.2, 26.9±3.8, and 24.1±2.9 in kg, respectively. The values of ASMM were 14.4±2.1, 13.0±2.0, 21.0±2.8, and 19.4±2.3, respectively. When adjusted for squared height, the values of TMMI were 7.6±1.4, 6.3±1.2, 9.8±1.1, and 8.9±0.9 in kg.m-2, and the values of AMMI were 6.1±0.7, 5.7±0.7, 7.6±0.8, and 7.2±0.7, respectively. All variables were correlated (r > 0.84). Men and the younger age groups had higher values of SMM, with statistical significance compared with their peers, and the differences between age groups were higher among women.
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INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: O mieloma múltiplo (MM) é uma doença maligna incurável caracterizada pela proliferação de um único clone de plasmócitos na medula óssea. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência e o valor prognóstico da expressão dos fenótipos aberrantes em pacientes com MM por meio de citometria de fluxo multiparamétrica. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado no Hospital São Paulo/Disciplina de Hematologia e Hemoterapia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), sendo analisados de maneira prospectiva 30 pacientes portadores de MM ao diagnóstico. Na tentativa de identificar as células mielomatosas por citometria de fluxo (FACScalibur, BD), foram utilizados anticorpos monoclonais anti-CD138, anti-CD38, anti-CD45 específicos para seleção dos plasmócitos. O grupo controle consistiu em quatro doadores saudáveis de medula óssea. RESULTADOS: Todos os plasmócitos mielomatosos expressaram pelo menos um fenótipo aberrante, e CD56+++, CD117++, CD33++, CD13++, CD28++ foram os marcadores mais frequentes, observados em 88 por cento dos pacientes. Os marcadores linfoides foram encontrados nos casos com maior número de fenótipos aberrantes. DISCUSSÃO: Os antígenos CD56+++ e CD28++ apresentaram altos níveis de β2-microglobulina, sendo estes associados a estágios mais agressivos da doença e maior massa tumoral. A ausência da molécula de adesão CD56 foi relacionada com altos níveis de β2M e de cálcio iônico, mostrando que este achado pode ter valor prognóstico. CONCLUSÃO: A partir deste estudo concluiu-se que os fenótipos aberrantes estão presentes na maioria dos casos de MM e que a imunofenotipagem por citometria de fluxo multiparamétrica é uma boa ferramenta para distinguir células plasmáticas normais dos plasmócitos mielomatosos.
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignancy characterized by the proliferation of a single clone of plasma cells in bone marrow. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and prognostic value of the expression of aberrant phenotypes in patients with multiple myeloma by multiparametric flow cytometry. METHODS: The study was carried out at Department of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Federal University of São Paulo and 30 patients with MM were analyzed prospectively. In an attempt to identify myeloma cells by flow cytometry (FACSCalibur, BD), specific monoclonal antibodies anti-CD138, anti-CD38 and anti-CD45 were used for the selection of plasma cells. The control group comprised four healthy bone marrow donors. RESULTS: All myeloma plasma cells expressed at least one aberrant phenotype and CD56+++, CD117++, CD33++, CD13++ and CD28++ markers were more frequently observed in 88 percent of patients. Lymphoid markers were found in cases with a higher number of aberrant phenotypes. DISCUSSION: CD56+++ and CD28++ antigens showed high levels of β2-microglobulin, which are associated with more aggressive stages of the disease and larger tumor mass. The absence of adhesion molecule CD56 was associated with high levels of β2M and calcium ion, showing that this finding may have prognostic value. CONCLUSION: From this study it was concluded that the aberrant phenotypes are present in most cases of MM, and immunophenotyping by multiparametric flow cytometry is a useful tool to distinguish normal plasma cells from myeloma plasma cells.
Assuntos
Humanos , Citometria de Fluxo , Imunofenotipagem/métodos , Mieloma Múltiplo/genética , Fenótipo , Plasmócitos , PrognósticoRESUMO
A incidência de diabete melito (DM) tem aumentado, principalmente em idosos. Evidências epidemiológicas mostram que obesidade e gordura abdominal constituem fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de DM. Objetivo: Verificar a associação da incidência de DM referida com obesidade e gordura abdominal, em coorte de idosos domiciliados no município de São Paulo-Brasil - 2000 e 2006. Casuística e métodos: Foram utilizados dados do Estudo SABE Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento, longitudinal, epidemiológico, de base domiciliar, realizado no município de São Paulo, em 2000 (2.143 idosos), e em 2006 (1.115 idosos). A população de estudo foi constituída por idosos (> 60 anos), de ambos os sexos, selecionados por amostra probabilística, e que não referiram DM, em 2000, e que apresentaram todos os dados necessários a este estudo. As variáveis analisadas foram: DM referida, com alternativa de resposta dicotômica (sim ou não), obesidade, pelo índice de massa corporal - IMC > 30 kg-m2, gordura abdominal (circunferência da cintura - CC > 88 cm, para mulheres, e > 102 cm, para homens; e razão cintura-quadril - RCQ > 1, para homens, e > 0,85, para mulheres) e características sociodemográficas (sexo, grupo etário, escolaridade, companhia no domicílio). Para verificar a associação entre as variáveis, utilizou se teste Rao Scott, para amostra complexa, e regressão logística múltipla(p<0,05) e o programa Stata-SE 10.0 for Windows. Resultados: Dos 1.115 idosos, foram reavaliados 914, sendo que 72 constituíram os novos casos de DM (7,7 por cento-1.000 pessoa-ano). Verificou-se que a maior proporção (58 por cento) de indivíduos que referiram DM, era composta por mulheres. Ainda que a obesidade tenha se associado, positivamente, com referência de DM, constatou-se que a RCQ (OR=2,32; IC=1,47-3,67) e CC (OR= 2,33; IC=1,44- 3,77) foram preditoras para DM referida...
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Antropometria , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Obesidade , Obesidade Abdominal , Estado Pré-Diabético , Estudos de Coortes , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Identificar um embrião com alto potencial de implantação é um dos maiores desafios da medicina reprodutiva e um passo fundamental em direção à transferência de um único embrião. O diagnóstico genético pré-implantacional permite identificar alterações genéticas ou cromossômicas nos embriões em divisão antes de serem transferidos, enquanto o rastreamento genético pré-implantacional realiza a triagem em embriões quanto às anomalias cromossômicas frequentes. Dentre as limitações encontradas, o mosaicismo é responsável por grande parcela de erros de diagnóstico, e os altos custos das técnicas de hibridização in situ por fluorescência e reação em cadeia da polimerase ainda dificultam a implantação do diagnóstico genético pré-implantacional e do rastreamento genético pré-implantacional de forma rotineira. Este artigo pretende apresentar uma visão geral acerca das modalidades de avaliação genética préimplantacional disponíveis e seus resultados e avaliar criticamente a inserção dessas tecnologias entre os recursospropedêuticos para assistência reprodutiva.
The identification of an embryo with high implantation potential is one of the greatest challenges in reproductive medicine and a vital step towards transferring a single pre-embryo. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis allows the identification of genetic or chromosomal alterations in pre-embryos before they are transferred to the uterus, while preimplantation geneticscreening determines alleatory frequent chromosomal abnormalities. Among limitations, mosaicism is responsible for a large proportion of misdiagnosis, and the high costs of fluorescent in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction still hinder the implementation of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and preimplantation genetic screening as a routine. Thisarticle aims to present an overview of possible modalities of preimplantation genetic evaluation and their results and to criticallyevaluate the insertion of those technologies in the propaedeutical tools in reproductive assistance.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever e discutir as diversas formas de utilização de fluoretos na prevenção da cárie dental. Em nível populacional, a água de abastecimento fluoretada vem sendo uma medida eficaz, reduzindo em aproximadamente 50 por cento o aparecimento de novas lesões. Em nível individual, o profissional dispõe de produtos de alta concentração, sejam géis de aplicação tópica neutros, sejam acidulados, vernizes fluoretados e materiais odontológicos que possuem capacidade de liberar fluoretos, como os cimentos ionômeros de vidro e alguns selantes. Estes podem ser usados como veículos extremamente localizados de liberação de fluoreto. Os métodos de auto-aplicação incluem bochechos, fio dental e dentifrício fluoretado, sendo que este último foi considerado o maior responsável pela recente queda da prevalência de cárie no Brasil e no mundo. A utilização de fluoretos pelo paciente deve ser indicada de acordo com a sua idade, a atividade de cárie e o risco por ele apresentado em desenvolver novas lesões (possibilidade de cooperação do paciente e responsável)