Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Aromatic Plants by Means of Dynamic Headspace Extraction and Multiple Headspace Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Seven monoterpenes in 4 aromatic plants (sage, cardamom, lavender, and rosemary) were quantified in liquid extracts and directly in solid samples by means of dynamic headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DHS-GC-MS) and multiple headspace extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MHSE), respectively. The monoterpenes were 1st extracted by means of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and analyzed by an optimized DHS-GC-MS. The optimization of the dynamic extraction step and the desorption/cryo-focusing step were tackled independently by experimental design assays. The best working conditions were set at 30 °C for the incubation temperature, 5 min of incubation time, and 40 mL of purge volume for the dynamic extraction step of these bioactive molecules. The conditions of the desorption/cryo-trapping step from the Tenax TA trap were set at follows: the temperature was increased from 30 to 300 °C at 150 °C/min, although the cryo-trapping was maintained at -70 °C. In order to estimate the efficiency of the SFE process, the analysis of monoterpenes in the 4 aromatic plants was directly carried out by means of MHSE because it did not require any sample preparation. Good linearity (r2) > 0.99) and reproducibility (relative standard deviation % <12) was obtained for solid and liquid quantification approaches, in the ranges of 0.5 to 200 ng and 10 to 500 ng/mL, respectively. The developed methods were applied to analyze the concentration of 7 monoterpenes in aromatic plants obtaining concentrations in the range of 2 to 6000 ng/g and 0.25 to 110 µg/mg, respectively.

Optimization of comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography (GC×GC) mass spectrometry for the determination of essential oils.

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatography (GC×GC) is a great tool to explore complex essential oils. In this work the different terpene composition of the aroma fraction of rosemary and oregano were studied. The present investigation is based on the optimization of the comprehensive two-dimensional gas-chromatographic method through the use of experimental designs and Multisimplex, and studying the modulation period, discharge-time and first and second column flows. Making use of a non-polar column (HP-5) in the first dimension and an intermediate one (DB-17) in the second dimension, we concluded that 1.42s, 0.12s, 1.23 mL/min and 17.55 mL/min were our optimum values, respectively. The use of a highly polar phase in the second dimension did not make any significant improvement. Finally, aroma quantification of the studied plants was performed by means of the optimum method achieved and functional groups "bands" were studied. The essential oil concentration ranges obtained were, 0.04-6.6 µg/g for rosemary extracts and 0.04-0.5 µg/g for oregano extracts.