Intermediate snowpack melt-out dates guarantee the highest seasonal grasslands greening in the Pyrenees.

In mountain areas, the phenology and productivity of grassland are closely related to snow dynamics. However, the influence that snow melt timing has on grassland growing still needs further attention for a full understanding, particularly at high spatial resolution. Aiming to reduce this knowledge gap, this work exploits 1 m resolution snow depth and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index observations acquired with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle at a sub-alpine site in the Pyrenees. During two snow seasons (2019-2020 and 2020-2021), 14 NDVI and 17 snow depth distributions were acquired over 48 ha. Despite the snow dynamics being different in the two seasons, the response of grasslands greening to snow melt-out exhibited a very similar pattern in both. The NDVI temporal evolution in areas with distinct melt-out dates reveals that sectors where the melt-out date occurs in late April or early May (optimum melt-out) reach the maximum vegetation productivity. Zones with an earlier or a later melt-out rarely reach peak NDVI values. The results obtained in this study area, suggest that knowledge about snow depth distribution is not needed to understand NDVI grassland dynamics. The analysis did not reveal a clear link between the spatial variability in snow duration and the diversity and richness of grassland communities within the study area.

[Fecal incontinence due to hemiplegia]. / Incontinencia fecal en un ictus.

This article outlines a program which, if correctly applied, solves the problem of fecal incontinence in hemiplegic ictus patients in a simple, practical way by weighing the factors which provoke fecal incontinence in these patients and applying the objectives of our local training program. Nursing programs of this type serve not only to improve our patients' quality of life but also increase the role of our profession.

[Hemiplegic patients. Nursing at home]. / Paciente hemipléjico. Actuación enfermera en el domicilio.

By daily performing the seven easy exercises in the rehabilitation program which the authors of this article propose, a patient afflicted by an "ACV" can prevent the appearance of the typical motor skill limitations which appear a while after the onset of the illness.