Self-reported oral health among Brazilian adults: results from the National Health Surveys 2013 and 2019. / Condições de saúde bucal autorrelatadas entre adultos brasileiros: resultados das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde de 2013 e 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate indicators of oral health conditions and behaviours among Brazilian adults in the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS) and analyse the evolution of those indicators compared to the 2013 PNS. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Prevalence ratios of oral health conditions and behaviours, in 2019, were estimated by demographic characteristics. Risk ratios were computed using Poisson regression, and absolute differences (Dif.) between indicators in 2013 and 2019 were calculated. RESULTS: Prevalence of brushing teeth twice a day, using toothbrush/toothpaste/floss and edentulism were, respectively, 93.6% (95%CI 93.3;93.9), 63.0% (95%CI 62.3;63.6) and 10.3% (95%CI 9.93;10.7). There was increase in prevalence of brushing teeth ≥ 2 a day (Dif. = 4.5; 95%CI 3.9;5.1), using toothbrush/toothpaste/floss (Dif. = 10.0; 95%CI 8.6;11.3) and a decrease in prevalence of edentulism (Dif. = -0.7; 95%CI -1.3;-0.1). CONCLUSION: Respondents who were younger, more educated, with higher income and lived in urban areas had better oral health indicators. Most indicators demonstrated positive improvement.

Evolution of Chagas' disease in Brazil. Epidemiological perspective and challenges for the future: a critical review.

AIMS: This article aimed to provide a critical review of the evolution of Chagas' disease (ChD) in Brazil, its magnitude, historical development and management, and challenges for the future. METHODS: A literature search was performed using PubMed, SciELO and Google Scholar and throughout collected articles' references. Narrative analysis was structured around five main themes identified: vector transmission, control programme, transfusion, oral and congenital transmission. RESULTS: In Brazil, the Chagas' Disease Control Programme was fully implemented in the 1980s, when it reached practically all the endemic areas, and in 1991, the Southern Cone Initiative was created, aiming to control the disease transmission through eliminating the Triatoma infestans and controlling blood banks. As a result, the prevalence of chagasic donors in blood banks reduced from 4.4% in the 1980s to 0.2% in 2005. In 2006, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) certified the interruption of transmission of ChD through this vector in Brazil. However, there are still challenges, such as the domiciliation of new vector species, the need for medical care of the infected individuals, the prevention of alternative mechanisms of transmission, the loss of political concern regarding the disease and the weakening of the control programme. CONCLUSION: Despite the progress towards control, there are still many challenges ahead to maintain and expand such control and minimise the risk of re-emergence.

Condições de saúde bucal autorrelatadas entre adultos brasileiros: resultados das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde de 2013 e 2019 / Condiciones de salud bucal autoinformadas en brasileños adultos: resultados de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud 2013 y 2019 / Self-reported oral health among Brazilian adults: results from the National Health Surveys 2013 and 2019

Objetivo: Analisar indicadores das condições e comportamentos relacionados à saúde bucal de brasileiros adultos na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2019 e sua evolução em relação a 2013. Métodos: Estudo transversal que estimou prevalências de comportamentos e condições de saúde bucal segundo variáveis demográficas. Foram calculadas as razões de prevalência, por regressão de Poisson, e estimadas diferenças absolutas (Dif.) entre os indicadores de 2013 e 2019. Resultados: Em 2019, as prevalências de escovação ≥ 2 vezes ao dia, uso de escova/dentifrício/fio dental e edentulismo foram, respectivamente, 93,6% (IC95% 93,3;93,9), 63,0% (IC95% 62,3;63,6) e 10,3% (IC95% 9,9;10,7). Escovação ≥ 2 vezes/dia (Dif. = 4,5; IC95% 3,9;5,1) e uso de escova/dentifrício/fio dental (Dif. = 10,0; IC95% 8,6;11,3) aumentaram, enquanto o edentulismo (Dif. = -0,7; IC95% -1,3;-0,1) foi reduzido. Conclusão: Observaram-se melhores indicadores de saúde bucal entre pessoas mais jovens, com ensino superior, maior renda e residentes na zona urbana. Verificou-se melhoria na maioria dos indicadores estudados.

Objetivo: Evaluar los indicadores de salud bucal en la población brasileña adulta en base a los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (PNS) 2019, y analizar su evolución en relación a PNS 2013. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal. Se estimó la prevalencia de conductas y condiciones de salud bucal en 2019, según características sociodemográficas. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia con regresión de Poisson y se estimaron las diferencias (Dif.) entre los indicadores de 2013 y 2019. Resultados: La prevalencia de cepillado ≥ 2 veces al día, uso de cepillo/pasta/hilo dental y edentulismo ha sido, respectivamente, 93,6% (IC95% 93,3;93,9), 63,0% (IC95% 62,3;63,6) y 10,3% (IC95% 9,93;10,7). Prevalencia de cepillado ≥ 2 veces al día (Dif. = 4,5; IC95% 3,9;5,1) y uso de cepillo/pasta/hilo dental (Dif. = 10,0; IC95% 8,6;11,3) aumentó, mientras que el edentulismo (Dif. = -0,7; IC95% -1,3; -0,1) disminuyó. Conclusión: Se observaron mejores indicadores entre jóvenes, con educación superior, mayores ingresos y en áreas urbanas. Hubo mejora en la mayoría de los indicadores.

Objective: To evaluate indicators of oral health conditions and behaviours among Brazilian adults in the 2019 National Health Survey (PNS) and analyse the evolution of those indicators compared to the 2013 PNS. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Prevalence ratios of oral health conditions and behaviours, in 2019, were estimated by demographic characteristics. Risk ratios were computed using Poisson regression, and absolute differences (Dif.) between indicators in 2013 and 2019 were calculated. Results: Prevalence of brushing teeth twice a day, using toothbrush/toothpaste/floss and edentulism were, respectively, 93.6% (95%CI 93.3;93.9), 63.0% (95%CI 62.3;63.6) and 10.3% (95%CI 9.93;10.7). There was increase in prevalence of brushing teeth ≥ 2 a day (Dif. = 4.5; 95%CI 3.9;5.1), using toothbrush/toothpaste/floss (Dif. = 10.0; 95%CI 8.6;11.3) and a decrease in prevalence of edentulism (Dif. = -0.7; 95%CI -1.3;-0.1). Conclusion: Respondents who were younger, more educated, with higher income and lived in urban areas had better oral health indicators. Most indicators demonstrated positive improvement.

Evolução da mortalidade por causas externas em Diamantina (MG), 2001 a 2012 / Evolution of external cause mortality in Diamantina (MG), 2001 to 2012

Resumo Introdução As causas externas estão entre as principais causas de morte no Brasil, afetando, principalmente, jovens e adultos. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo dos óbitos por causas externas em Diamantina, em Minas Gerais, de 2001 a 2012. Foram utilizados dados de óbitos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e dados populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Foram calculados coeficientes trienais de mortalidade padronizados por idade, específicos por sexo, para todos os grupos de causas externas. As tendências foram analisadas por meio de modelos de regressão linear com o programa Stata 13. Resultados As causas externas constituíram a quinta causa de mortes no município, com coeficiente médio de 44,3/100 mil habitantes. Verificou-se maior risco de morte para homens (coeficiente médio=71,5/100 mil). Os acidentes de transporte constituíram a maior causa de óbitos (29,6%), seguidos por outras causas externas (21,5%), pelos homicídios (20,6%) e pelos suicídios (14,6%). A faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos foi a mais afetada, enquanto a faixa de 60 anos ou mais apresentou o maior risco. Verificou-se uma tendência de aumento (p<0,05) na mortalidade geral por causa externas, na mortalidade masculina por acidentes de transporte e na mortalidade feminina por agressões. Conclusão As causas externas constituem um problema crescente de saúde pública em Diamantina, sendo necessária a implementação de medidas que visem ao seu controle e redução.

Abstract Introduction External causes are among the main causes of death in Brazil, affecting mainly the young and adult populations. Methods Retrospective study of deaths due to external causes in Diamantina-MG, from 2001 to 2012. Mortality data was obtained from the Health Ministry's Mortality Information System, while population data was obtained from the IBGE estimates. Standardized mortality rates were calculated according to gender and group of external cause. Trend analysis was performed through adjustment of linear models using Stata 13. Results External causes were the fifth main cause of death in the municipality, with a mean mortality rate of 44.3/100.000 individuals. Men showed higher risk of death (Mean rate = 71.5/100.000). 'Transport accidents' were the main cause of death (29.6%), followed by 'Other external causes' (21.5%), homicides (20.6%) and suicides (14.6%). The most affected age group was 20 to 29 year olds, while the group of 60 years or older presented the highest risk of death by these causes. There was an increasing trend based on gender (p<0.05) in general external cause mortality rates, males were more predominant in transport accidents, and females in homicides. Conclusion External causes constitute a growing public health issue in Diamantina, which requires efficient measures of control and reduction.

Uso da violência doméstica como prática educativa: conhecendo a realidade em Diamantina – MG/ Brasil / Domestic violence as an educative practice: knowing the reality in Diamantina-MG-Brazil

O presente artigo objetiva analisar o uso da violência doméstica como prática educativa em Diamantina – MG. Nesse sentido, foi utilizado um questionário aberto para avaliar o uso de disciplina não violenta, violência psicológica e violência física, esta classificada como leve, moderada e grave. A amostra estudada se constituiu de 90 responsáveis por crianças, escolhidas aleatoriamente a partir do universo de 7.455 crianças matriculadas nas creches, pré-escolas e ensino fundamental, públicos e privados, na sede do município, periferia e também zona rural. Alguns dos resultados mostraram que todos os entrevistados adotam a disciplina não violenta, 95,56% a Violência psicológica e 94,44% a violência física, que, nas formas moderada e grave, é praticada por 74,44% dos entrevistados. O ensino de novas práticas educacionais surge, dessa forma, como uma necessidade urgente.

The article discusses about the use of domestic violence as educational practice in Diamantina – MG (Brazil). For this purpose, an opened questionnaire was applied to evaluate the use of nonviolent discipline, psychological aggression and physical assault, since minor until severe corporal punishment. The sample of participants included the parents of 90 children, randomly selected among 7.455 ones registered in public and private day care institutions and schools, in the center, periphery and rural area of the town. Some results showed that all the interviewed individuals use the non-violent discipline, 95,56% the psychological aggression, and 94,44% physical assault, in which the severe form was practiced by 74,44% of the participants. Thus, teaching of new behaviour practices seems to be an urgent need.