Retrocaval Ureter With Ureteric Stones: A Case Report.

The retrocaval ureter is an uncommon anomaly where the ureter passes behind the inferior vena cava. Open surgery had been the gold standard for treatment. We are presenting a case of the retrocaval ureter with ureteral calculi, which was effectively managed by open surgery. A 27-year-old male presented with a nine-month history of flank pain. He had no history of chronic illnesses. Physical examinations and laboratory findings were within normal. A computed tomography (CT) scan was done to confirm the diagnosis of retrocaval ureter with ureteral stones. The subcostal incision was made. Then, the proximal and lower ureter was transected at the point where it went retrocaval. The stones were extracted; then, watertight anastomosis was done. Ultrasound used for the follow-up of the patient for six months showed no hydronephrosis. Retrocaval ureteral may have no symptoms or be linked to nonspecific symptoms. The diagnosis of the retrocaval ureter is frequently delayed. Surgical management is utilized in the majority of cases.

Bilateral renal lymphangiectasia: Literature review of a rare entity.

Renal lymphangiectasia (RL) is a rare condition in which lymphatic vessels are dilated giving rise to cyst formation in peripelvic, perirenal and intrarenal locations. Knowledge about RL is limited and based upon individual case reports. This can be genetic or acquired. There is no significant association with any gender or age. It can be manifested as focal or diffuse forms and can be unilateral or bilateral. Most of the cases present with abdominal or flank pain. The diagnosis is based on radiological imaging. Due to rarity of diseases, it has potential to be misdiagnosed as other cystic disease of kidneys. The treatment is mainly conservative but prolonged follow up for associated complications like hypertension and renal vein thrombosis is required. We have presented a case of bilateral renal lymphangiectasia with the review of available literature.

Transitional Urology in Korea: Initial Insights Through a Cross-Sectional Study.

PURPOSE: In Korea, the field of transitional urology (TU) is in its nascent stages, with its introduction only beginning. This study aims to evaluate the existing state of TU prior to implementing a transition protocol, and to identify key areas of focus for the development of an effective transition protocol. METHODS: From June 1, 2021 to May 31, 2023, clinical data were retrospectively collected for patients who visited the adult urology or pediatric urology outpatient departments of this hospital and were aged 10 or older, with medical conditions falling under the category of TU. We analyzed the patient distribution across different disease groups. The transitional stages were categorized from T1, indicating initial care by pediatric urologists, to T4, denoting complete transition to adult care. 'T4x' was used for patients with unknown medical histories, and 'T4only' for those who had never been under pediatric urology care. RESULTS: During a 2-year period, a total of 1,484 patients received outpatient care for diseases in TU field. The most prevalent diseases were hypospadias (40.4%), spinal bifida (37.3%), and congenital ureteral anomalies (17.7%), with other conditions accounting for 4.6%. Among 553 spinal bifida patients, only 5.3% completed transitional care (T4), while 80.1% were in the initial phase (T1). For patients introduced to adult urology (T2-T4), 37.7% reached T4, highlighting a marked increase in transition completion within this subset (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: TU in Korea is in its nascent stage, with a significant gap in the initiation and completion of transitional care for patients with congenital urologic conditions. Early initiation and active engagement in transitional care are crucial for successful transition. This study highlights the need for structured transition protocols to address the complex needs of this patient population.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Parents in the Najran Region Toward the Use of Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Asthma in Their Children.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a prevalent and persistent condition affecting the respiratory system, defined by the presence of fluctuating and reversible symptoms associated with the restriction of airflow, heightened sensitivity of the bronchial tubes, and inflammation within the airways. Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of this chronic illness, making it one of the most often seen conditions in the country. A popular therapeutic approach within the realm of complementary and alternative medicine for individuals with asthma is the use of herbal medications. Nevertheless, the efficacy of these medicines in treating asthma is often supported by inadequate data. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and perception of parents toward the use of herbal medicines in the treatment of asthma in their children in the Najran Region. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the participants received an electronic self-administered survey via social media channels. The survey instrument comprises a set of questions that have been gathered from prior studies that have comparable research aims. The questionnaire sheet will contain three parts. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22 (Released 2013; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). The sample and outcome variables were summarized using the descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Data were analyzed by type of provider as appropriate, and the Pearson chi-square test was used to compare the observed data; the paired sample t-test was used to test the difference between the means of the pretest and post-test. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of the respondents personally suffer from asthma, while 85.0% do not. Additionally, 25.7% of the respondents indicated that one of their children suffers from asthma, while 74.3% stated that their children do not suffer from asthma. The data also show that the statement "Asthma symptoms are dry cough, shortness of breath, and wheezing" received a 51.4% "Strongly Agree" response, 37.9% "Agree," 9.3% "Neutral," 0.9% "Disagree," and 0.5% "Strongly Disagree." The majority of respondents (51.4%) reported obtaining information about asthma from doctors. A notable portion of respondents (35.5%) reported using herbs or folk medicines to treat asthma in their children. A substantial portion of respondents (44.9%) reported not using medicinal herbs at all. Despite this, 41.6% of respondents expressed belief in the idea of taking herbs as a treatment. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the knowledge, attitude, and perception of parents toward the use of herbal medicine in the treatment of asthma in their children are multifaceted and influenced by cultural, social, and individual factors. Understanding these dynamics is essential for developing culturally sensitive healthcare interventions and policies that align with the beliefs and practices of the community.

The effect of penile traction device in men with Peyronie's disease on penile curvature, penile length, and erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Peyronie's disease (PD) results in curvature, pain, and erectile dysfunction (ED). Penile traction devices (PTDs) are a non-invasive treatment option for PD by applying mechanical forces to elicit biochemical responses that reduce curvature and improve penile function. In the present study, we systematically reviewed and analyzed the literature investigating the use of PTD to treat PD. Methods: We have conducted electronic and manual search strategies within the databases and included articles to find relevant studies. A total of Five studies met all the predefined inclusion criteria and were selected for inclusion in the review. Outcomes assessed are penile length, penile curvature, and erectile function (EF). The study population consisted of patients with PD, the intervention was penile traction therapy (PTT), the comparison was matched placebo or follow-up, and the study design was randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or cohort studies. The Cochrane risk of bias assessed the studies' quality for randomized studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for non-randomized observational studies. All statistical analyses were performed using R software. Results were considered statistically significant for P<0.05. Results: Only five studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were published between 2014 and 2021. The sample sizes range [51-110], totaling 419, with a mean of 83.8 patients-the follow-up with a mean of 6.75 months. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of PTD on curvature degree, penile length, and EF in patients. There is a significant positive effect on the curvature degree (P=0.0373), while there is no significant effect on penile length and EF (P=0.5315 and 0.1010), respectively. They are Indicating low heterogeneity with an estimated total heterogeneity of 0. Overall, the available evidence does not support the efficacy of the intervention for penile length or EF. Conclusions: The current evidence suggests that PTDs can be a safe and effective treatment option for men with PD to reduce penile curvature. However, further research, including more RCTs with extended follow-up periods, is needed to fully understand their efficacy and determine the ideal timing and patient subtypes that would benefit from PTD.

Factors predicting successful sperm retrieval in men with nonobstructive Azoospermia: A single center perspective.

Predicting successful sperm retrieval is essential in counseling infertile men with Azoospermia. Objectives: To assess the predictors of successful sperm extraction in men with nonobstructive Azoospermia. Patients and Methods: A retrospective study included all patients with nonobstructive Azoospermia from January 2018 to May 2019. Subdivided into two groups, group I (negative sperm retrieval) and group II (positive sperm retrieval). Results: A total of 108 patients with a mean age of 36.8 ± 10 years were included. The rate of successful sperm retrieval was 47.2%. Group I included 57 patients (52.8%) with a mean age of 33.98 ± 6.18, and group II included 51 patients (47.2%) with a mean age of 40.04 ± 12.22 (p = 0.008). Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were significantly higher in group I (18.55 ± 13 vs. 7.97 ± 7.11; p < 0.004). Similarly, in group I, luteinizing hormone was significantly higher (11.4 ± 7.45 vs. 5.9 ± 4.4; p < 0.001). Age and FSH were the independent predictors of successful micro-TESE. Additionally, successful pregnancies were 13.7% of patients, 28.6% of which gave rise to living birth. Conclusion: Patients' age and serum FSH are independent predictors of successful sperm retrieval for infertile men with nonobstructive Azoospermia; young patients with high FSH levels could have little chance of sperm retrieval.