Flexible-Interval High-Sensitivity Troponin Velocity for the Detection of Acute Coronary Syndromes.

Many algorithms for emergency department (ED) evaluation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) using high-sensitivity troponin assays rely on the detection of a "delta," the difference in concentration over a predetermined interval, but collecting specimens at specific times can be difficult in the ED. We evaluate the use of troponin "velocity," the rate of change of troponin concentration over a flexible short interval for the prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) at 30 days. We conducted a prospective, observational study on a convenience sample of 821 patients who underwent ACS evaluation at a high-volume, urban ED. We determined the diagnostic performance of a novel velocity-based algorithm and compared the performance of 1- and 2-hour algorithms adapted from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) using delta versus velocity. A total of 7 of 332 patients (2.1%) classified as low risk by the velocity-based algorithm experienced a MACE by 30 days compared with 35 of 221 (13.8%) of patients classified as greater than low risk, yielding a sensitivity of 83.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 68.6% to 93.0%) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 97.9% (95% CI 95.9% to 98.9%). The ESC-derived algorithms using delta or velocity had NPVs ranging from 98.4% (95% CI 96.4% to 99.3%) to 99.6% (95% CI 97.0% to 99.9%) for 30-day MACEs. The NPV of the novel velocity-based algorithm for MACE at 30 days was borderline, but the substitution of troponin velocity for delta in the framework of the ESC algorithms performed well. In conclusion, specimen collection within strict time intervals may not be necessary for rapid evaluation of ACS with high-sensitivity troponin.

Surgical Masks May Hide Neurological Diagnoses.

COVID-19 has disrupted the routine flow of patients through emergency departments (EDs) across the globe, including the need to consider COVID-19 for nearly all presenting complaints. The constraints of mask wearing and isolation have created inherent barriers to timely stroke care. We present a case that highlights one of the many ways in which the pandemic has negatively impacted the care of the non-COVID patient. A patient presented to the ED with a chief complaint of diffuse weakness and a new-onset cough on awakening. His daughter noted that he was slurring his words. An emergency medicine resident evaluated him, ordered laboratory studies, and decided to monitor the patient. The same resident later noted the patient veering to the left when walking, prompting a more detailed neurological examination. On removing the patient's facemask, a left lower facial weakness was evident. The resident called a Code Stroke roughly 50 min after the patient initially presented to the ED. The patient proved to have an acute infarct at the right thalamocapsular junction. Universal masking policies during the COVID-19 pandemic should not prevent the routine assessment of cranial nerve function for all patients presenting to an ED.

Impact of a rapid high-sensitivity troponin pathway on patient flow in an urban emergency department.

Study Objective: To evaluate whether the introduction of a 1-hour high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-T (hs-TnT) pathway for patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) improves ED patient flow without changing the rate of "missed" major adverse cardiac events (MACE), compared to use of conventional cardiac troponin with an associated 3-hour pathway. Methods: This was a prospective, uncontrolled observational study conducted before and after implementation of a 1-hour hs-TnT pathway at a high-volume urban ED. Patients undergoing evaluation for ACS in the ED were enrolled during their initial visit and clinical outcomes were assessed at 30 and 90 days. Throughput markers were extracted from the electronic medical record and compared. The primary outcome was provider-to-disposition decision time. Results: A total of 1892 patients were enrolled, 1071 patients while using conventional troponin and 821 after introduction of hs-TnT. With the new assay and pathway, median interval between troponin tests decreased from 4.7 hours (interquartile range [IQR] 3.9-5.7 hours) to 2.3 hours (IQR 1.5-3.4 hours) (P < 0.001). However, there was no difference in median provider-to-disposition decision time, which measured 4.7 hours (IQR 2.9-7.2) and 4.8 hours (IQR 3.1-7.1) (P = 0.428) respectively. Total 30-day MACE rate in discharged patients was low in both groups, occurring in only 4/472 (0.85%) encounters in the first cohort and 4/381 (1.0%) encounters in the second. Conclusion: Introduction of a 1-hour hs-TnT ACS evaluation pathway reduced the troponin collection interval but did not reduce provider to disposition time. There was no difference in rate of 30-day MACE in patients discharged from the ED.

An Updated Healthcare System-Wide Clinical Pathway for Managing Patients With Chest Pain and Acute Coronary Syndromes.

Clinical pathways reinforce best practices and help healthcare institutions standardize care delivery. The NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center has used such a pathway for the management of patients with chest pain and acute coronary syndromes for almost 2 decades. A multidisciplinary panel of stakeholders serially updates the algorithm according to new data and recently published guidelines. Herein, we present the 2019 version of the clinical pathway. We explain the rationale for changes to the algorithm and describe our experience expanding the pathway to all the 8 affiliated institutions within the NewYork Presbyterian healthcare system.

Interdisciplinary Design to Improve Fast Track in the Emergency Department.

Delays in medical care will increase risks for patients. For this reason, timeliness of care is a public health priority and the one of the missions for this facility. The goal of this process improvement project was to enhance timeliness of care by restructuring fast track. Door-to-provider time, treat and release time, and the number of patients who left without being seen by a provider were monitored. Nurse practitioners were introduced into advanced practice provider mix and the development of care teams was implemented. The number of fast-track visits increased significantly to a projected 23,710 in 2017, whereas the door-to-provider time decreased to 48 min, treat and release times decreased to 162 min, and the number of patients who left without being seen decreased to 4.7%. Work needs to continue in these areas in to exceed Medicare and Medicaid Services benchmarks.