[Two Cases of Stage â £ Colorectal Cancer with Long-Term Survival following Single-Agent Chemotherapy with Capecitabine-A Case Reports].

We experienced 2 cases of Stage Ⅳ colorectal cancer obtained long-term survival by chemotherapy with only capecitabine. Case 1: Seventy-one-years-old male was performed open sigmoid colectomy, D2 dissection for sigmoid colon cancer. Pathological diagnosis was pT4aN2aM0, pStage Ⅲc. Capecitabine plus oxaliplatin(CAPOX)was performed as adjuvant chemotherapy for 6 months consequently. Two-years after operation, peritoneal dissemination was found, and CAPOX plus bevacizumab(BEV)was started. Due to appearance of renal disfunction and proteinuria, only capecitabine was continued. Since then, 60 months have been passed without disease progression. Case 2: Seventy-six-years-old female was diagnosed as ascending colon cancer with multiple lung metastases. She had initially given systematic chemotherapy with CAPOX plus BEV. Grade 2 adverse effect(numbness and diarrhea)appeared, then the chemotherapy was discontinued. Seven months later, bowel obstruction due to tumor growth was appeared, and open right-hemi colectomy, with D3 dissection was performed for relief of symptoms. Pathological diagnosis was pT3N1bM1a, pStage Ⅳa. With her request, chemotherapy was performed with only capecitabine. Although lung metastasis was slowly progressed, for 72 months she has maintained good general condition since the chemotherapy with only capecitabine was started.

[Clinical Experience with 13 Cases of Primary Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma].

Between 2003 and 2017, 13 patients with primary small bowel adenocarcinoma(SBA)were treated at our hospital. Tumors developed in the duodenum in 6 patients and in the jejunum in 7 patients. The median age of the patients was 62 (range: 31-83)years and male/female ratio was 10/3. Initial symptoms were obstruction in 5 patients, bleeding in 3 patients, and abdominal pain in 1 patient. The median diameter of tumor was 50(range: 23-100)mm. Concerning surgical margin, R0 resection was in 8 patients, R1 resection in 3 patients, and R2 resection in 2 patients. The number of patients with stage 0 disease was 1, stage Ⅱ was 2, stage Ⅲ was 6, and stage Ⅳ was 4. Chemotherapy was provided to 8 patients. The median survival time was 31.6(range: 1-118)months and 5-year survival rate were 26.9%. Four patients survived longer than 4 years without recurrence. Although there is no treatment established for SBA, it was thought that proactive resection and chemotherapy can be anticipated in these patients to bring about an improved survival.

[A Case of Adenocarcinoma Arising from Ectopic Gastric Mucosa in Meckel's Diverticulum with Abdominal Wall Abscess].

A 47-year-old woman visited a neighboring hospital because of lower abdominal pain and high fever. She was diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis and administered(oral)antibiotics. However, there was no sign of improvement. She was referred to our hospital for closer examination. Computed tomography revealed an 8 cm abdominal wall abscess spreading from the prevesical space to the rectus abdominis. Incisional drainage was performed under local anesthesia. She developed rectus abdominis muscle diastasis, and a laparotomy was performed 2 months later. Intraoperative findings showed that her Meckel's diverticulum was continuous with the abdominal wall abscess. Diagnosed with Meckel's diverticulitis with abdominal wall abscess, the patient underwent surgery(excision)for these. Histopathological findings showed adenocarcinoma cells in the abscess tissue and were continuous with gastric pyloric gland-like tissue in Meckel's diverticulum. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma arising from ectopic gastric mucosa in the Meckel's diverticulum. The patient received postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for a year. The patient is currently alive and has not experienced recurrence for 2 years since surgery. It is difficult to diagnose carcinoma of Meckel's diverticulum preoperatively due to late onset of symptoms. The diagnosis is often made at the advanced stage, when the prognosis is poor. This case is rare due to the incidental finding of an abdominal abscess and the absence of recurrence 2 years after surgery.

A case of hepatic anisakiasis caused by Pseudoterranova decipiens mimicking metastatic liver cancer.

BACKGROUND: Anisakid nematodes (Anisakis spp. or Pseudoterranova spp.) usually infect gastric or intestinal walls, while they rarely infect in extra-gastrointestinal sites of human body. Generally, Anisakis spp. larvae are highly infected in fish intermediate hosts, whereas Pseudoterranova spp. larvae are very rarely infected. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports which have documented cases of hepatic anisakiasis caused by Pseudoterranova spp. This report describes the first documented case of hepatic anisakiasis due to infection with Pseudoterranova decipiens and clinical features of the hepatic anisakiasis through literature review. CASE PRESENTATION: The case was a 28-year-old man with prior history of malignancy who was found to have a hepatic mass mimicking metastatic liver tumor. A new low density area of 20 mm in diameter in liver segment 7 was found on follow-up CT. With suspicious diagnosis of metastatic liver cancer, laparoscopic partial hepatectomy was performed. A pathological examination revealed no evidence of malignancy, but showed necrotic granuloma with eosinophil infiltration and the presence of a larva with Y-shaped lateral cords, which are specific to anisakid larvae. The type of larva was identified as Pseudoterranova decipiens sensu lato using PCR of DNA purified from a fixed granuloma embedded in paraffin. CONCLUSION: The present report is the first to discuss the case of a patient with hepatic anisakiasis caused by Pseudoterranova decipiens. Hepatic anisakiasis is a potential differential diagnosis for hepatic tumors and genetic identification with the PCR method was reliable for obtaining final diagnosis even when the larvae body in the resected specimen collapses with time.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of Gnathostoma doloresi from China and Japan.

Gnathostoma doloresi is one of the neglected pathogens causing gnathostomiasis. Although this zoonotic parasite leads to significant socioeconomic concerns globally, little is known of its genetics and systematics. In the present study, we sequenced and characterized the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of G. doloresi isolates from China and Japan. The lengths of the mt genomes of the G. doloresi China and Japan isolates are 13,809 and 13,812 bp, respectively. Both mt genomes encode 36 genes, including 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. The gene order, transcription direction, and genome content are identical with its congener G. spinigerum. Phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 PCGs by Bayesian inference (BI) indicated that G. doloresi are closely related to G. spinigerum. Our data provide an invaluable resource for studying the molecular epidemiology, phylogenetics, and population genetics of Gnathostoma spp. and should have implications for further studies of the diagnosis, prevention, and control of gnathostomiasis in humans and animals.

[A Case of Sigmoid Colon Cancer with Synchronous Liver Metastasis, Treated with Laparoscopic Liver Resection after SOX plus BV Chemotherapy].

We performed laparoscopic liver resection in a patient with synchronous liver metastasis from advanced sigmoid colon cancer after induction with S-1 plus oxaliplatin (SOX) plus bevacizumab (BV) chemotherapy. A 61-year-old woman underwent laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy for locally advanced sigmoid colon cancer with synchronous liver metastasis. SOX plus BV chemotherapy was initiated. After 3 courses, the liver tumor was downsized, and metastasectomy was performed laparoscopically with R0 resection. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 11th postoperative day. She has been free from recurrence. Induction with SOX plus BV chemotherapy is considered to be not only effective, but also beneficial for maintaining the quality of life (QOL) in patients with advanced colorectal cancer.

Streptomyces catbensis sp. nov., isolated from soil.

Strain VN07A0015(T) was isolated from soil collected on Cat Ba Island, Vietnam. The taxonomic position of strain VN07A0015(T) was near Streptomyces aomiensis M24DS4(T) (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Streptomyces scabrisporus NBRC 100760(T) (95.6%), and it clustered within them; however, this cluster was distant from the type strains of other species of the genus Streptomyces. The aerial mycelia of strain VN07A0015(T) were greyish and formed imperfect spiral spore chains (retinaculiaperti type) with smooth-surfaced spores. The morphological features of strain VN07A0015(T) were different from those of the type strains of S. aomiensis and S. scabrisporus. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain VN07A0015(T) were typical for all members of the genus Streptomyces, which possessed ll-type diaminopimelic acid, menaquinone MK-9(H6, H8) and the major fatty acids iso-C(16 : 0) and iso-C(15 : 0). DNA-DNA relatedness between strain VN07A0015(T) and S. aomiensis NBRC 106164(T) was less than 30%. In addition, some physiological and biochemical traits differed from those of S. aomiensis. Therefore, we propose that strain VN07A0015(T) be classified in the genus Streptomyces as a representative of Streptomyces catbensis sp. nov. (type strain VN07A0015(T) = VTCC-A-1889(T) = NBRC 107860(T)).

Preoperative difficulty factors in delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Tokyo Guidelines 2018 surgical difficulty score analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) recommend early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for low-risk acute cholecystitis (AC); however, some patients undergo delayed LC (DLC) after conservative treatment. DLC, influenced by chronic inflammation, is a difficult procedure. Previous studies on LC difficulty lacked objective measures. Recently, TG18 introduced a novel 25 findings difficulty score, which objectively assesses intraoperative factors. The purpose of this study was to use the difficulty score proposed in TG18 to identify and investigate the predictors of preoperative high-difficulty cases of DLC for AC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 100 patients with DLC after conservative AC treatment. The surgical difficulty of DLC was evaluated using a difficulty score. Based on previous studies, the highest scores in each category were categorized as grades A-C. RESULTS: The severity of AC was mild in 51 patients and moderate in 49. Surgical outcomes revealed a distribution of difficulty scores, with grade C indicating high difficulty, showing significant differences in operative time, blood loss, achieving a critical view of safety, bailout procedures, and postoperative hospital stay compared with grades A and B. Regarding the preoperative risk factors, multivariate analysis identified age >61 years (p = .008), body mass index >27.0 kg/m2 (p = .007), and gallbladder wall thickness >6.2 mm (p = .001) as independent risk factors for grade C in DLC. CONCLUSION: The difficulty score proposed in TG18 provides an objective framework for evaluating surgical difficulty, allowing for more accurate risk assessments and improved preoperative planning in DLC for AC.

Cryptosporangium mongoliense sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinomycete, strain MN08-A0264(T), was isolated from soil sampled in Mongolia. The isolate formed pale to moderate yellowish brown colonies and branched substrate mycelium. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain MN08-A0264(T) belonged to the genus Cryptosporangium and exhibited 97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Cryptosporangium aurantiacum IMSNU 22120(T), 97.7 % with C. minutisporangium IFO 15962(T), 97.2 % with C. arvum IFO 15965(T) and 96.8 % with C. japonicum IFO 15966(T). The allocation of the isolate to the genus Cryptosporangium was supported by chemotaxonomic data: menaquinone MK-9(H(6)) with minor amounts of MK-9(H(8)) and MK-9(H(4)), major amounts of iso-C(16 : 0), C(18 : 1)9c and C(17 : 0) 10-methyl, a polar lipid profile comprising phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and glycolipids, and whole-cell sugars glucose, galactose, acofriose (3-0 methylrhamnose), mannose, ribose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose (trace). DNA-DNA relatedness (5-20 %) differentiated the isolate from its closest neighbours. The physiological and biochemical tests allowed the differentiation of strain MN08-A0264(T) from members of the genus Cryptosporangium. Thus, strain MN08-A0264(T) represents a novel species, for which the name Cryptosporangium mongoliense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MN08-A0264(T) ( = NBRC 105887(T)  = VTCC D9-27(T)).

Herbidospora mongoliensis sp. nov., isolated from soil, and reclassification of Herbidospora osyris and Streptosporangium claviforme as synonyms of Herbidospora cretacea.

A Gram-reaction-positive aerobic actinomycete, designated strain MN08-A0118(T), which produced short chains of non-motile spores on the tips of long sporophores and formed yellow-brown colonies with branched substrate mycelium, was studied in detail to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, strain MN08-A0118(T) was grouped into the genus Herbidospora, being most closely related to Streptosporangium claviforme (98.2%), Herbidospora osyris (98.2%), Herbidospora daliensis (98.2%), Herbidospora cretacea (97.9%) and Herbidospora yilanensis (97.4%). Chemotaxonomic data supported allocation of the strain to the genus Herbidospora. MK-10(H(4)) was the predominant menaquinone with minor amounts of MK-10(H(6)), MK-10(H(2)) and MK-9(H(4)); the fatty acid profile contained major amounts of iso-C(16:0), C(17:0) 10-methyl, iso-C(14:0) and iso-C(16:0) 2-OH; the phospholipid profile contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and glucosamine-containing phospholipids; and the whole-cell sugars included ribose, glucose, galactose, madurose and rhamnose (trace). The phylogenetic data, phenotypic and genotypic properties and DNA-DNA hybridization differentiated this strain from its closely related strains, S. claviforme (35-54% DNA-DNA relatedness), H. osyris (39-51%), H. daliensis (3-16%), H. cretacea (34-39%) and H. yilanensis (34-42%). Thus, MN08-A0118(T) represents a novel species of the genus Herbidospora, for which the name Herbidospora mongoliensis sp. nov. is proposed, with MN08-A0118(T) ( = NBRC 105882(T)  = VTCC D9-22(T)) as the type strain. In addition, DNA-DNA hybridization results showed that S. claviforme and H. osyris are synonyms of H. cretacea.

Pseudonocardia mongoliensis sp. nov. and Pseudonocardia khuvsgulensis sp. nov., isolated from soil.

Two actinomycetes, designated MN08-A0270(T) and MN08-A0297(T), were isolated from soil from the area around Khuvsgul Lake, Khuvsgul province, Mongolia, and subjected to phenotypic and genotypic characterization. They produced well-developed, branched substrate hyphae and, similar to closely related species of the genus Pseudonocardia, produced zigzag-shaped aerial hyphae by acropetal budding and blastospores. A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains MN08-A0270(T) and MN08-A0297(T) formed two distinct clades within the genus Pseudonocardia and were respectively most closely related to Pseudonocardia yunnanensis NBRC 15681(T) (97.3 % similarity) and Pseudonocardia thermophila IMSNU 20112(T) (97.1 %). Chemotaxonomic characteristics, including cell-wall diaminopimelic acid, whole-cell sugars, fatty acid components and major menaquinones, suggested that the two organisms belonged to the genus Pseudonocardia. Strains MN08-A0270(T) and MN08-A0297(T) could be differentiated from each other and from closely related species of the genus Pseudonocardia by physiological and biochemical characteristics, predominant fatty acids, menaquinones and whole-cell sugar components. Combined with the results of a broad range of phenotypic tests and DNA-DNA hybridization data and phylogenetic analysis, these results support the conclusion that these strains represent two novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, for which we propose the names Pseudonocardia mongoliensis sp. nov. (type strain MN08-A0270(T)  = NBRC 105885(T)  = VTCC D9-25(T)) and Pseudonocardia khuvsgulensis sp. nov. (type strain MN08-A0297(T)  = NBRC 105886(T)  = VTCC D9-26(T)).

Actinophytocola burenkhanensis sp. nov., isolated from Mongolian soil.

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile actinomycete, strain MN08-A0203(T), that formed pale yellow to orange-brown colonies and non-fragmented branched substrate mycelium is described. The strain, which produced very scanty aerial mycelium-like structures and scanty formation of spherical bodies on the aerial mycelium on Bennett's agar medium, was studied in detail to determine its taxonomic position. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain MN08-A0203(T) grouped with the genus Actinophytocola, being most closely related to the type strain of Actinophytocola oryzae (97.8 %). Chemotaxonomic data [menaquinone MK-9(H(4)); iso-C(16 : 0) (27 %), iso-C(15 : 0) (18 %), C(16 : 1) H (8 %), C(16 : 0) 9-methyl (8 %) as major fatty acids; glucose, galactose, ribose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose and xylose (trace) as whole cell sugars; diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipids as polar phospholipids] supported allocation of the strain to the genus Actinophytocola. Furthermore, the results of DNA-DNA hybridization of strain MN08-A0203(T) with the type strain of Actinophytocola oryzae revealed that the two strains were genetically distinct from each other. Moreover, physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain MN08-A0203(T) from closely related species. Thus, MN08-A0203(T) represents a novel species of the genus Actinophytocola, for which the name Actinophytocola burenkhanensis sp. nov. is proposed, with MN08-A0203(T) ( = NBRC 105883(T)  = VTCC D9-23(T)) as the type strain.

Actinophytocola timorensis sp. nov. and Actinophytocola corallina sp. nov., isolated from soil.

Two actinomycete strains, ID05-A0653(T) and ID06-A0464(T), were isolated from soils of West Timor and Lombok island, respectively, in Indonesia. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis clearly demonstrated that the isolates belonged to the family Pseudonocardiaceae and were closely related to the genus Actinophytocola. Strains ID05-A0653(T) and ID06-A0464(T) exhibited 98.1 and 98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively, with Actinophytocola oryzae GMKU 367(T). The isolates grew well on ISP media and produced white aerial mycelium. Short spore chains were formed directly on the substrate mycelium. The isolates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose as cell-wall components, MK-9(H(4)) as the sole isoprenoid quinone, iso-C(16 : 0) as the major cellular fatty acid and phosphatidylethanolamine as the diagnostic polar lipid. The DNA G+C contents of strains ID05-A0653(T) and ID06-A0464(T) were 69.7 and 71.2 mol%, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, DNA-DNA relatedness and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, strains ID05-A0653(T) and ID06-A0464(T) each represent a novel species of the genus Actinophytocola, for which the names Actinophytocola timorensis sp. nov. (type strain ID05-A0653(T)  = BTCC B-673(T)  = NBRC 105524(T)) and Actinophytocola corallina sp. nov. (type strain ID06-A0464(T)  = BTCC B-674(T)  = NBRC 105525(T)) are proposed.

Phylogeny and a new species of Polylobatispora.

During surveys conducted on freshwater fungi from Vietnam, a new aquatic anamorphic fungus was isolated from decaying leaves in Vietnam. The fungus produced phialidic, swollen conidiophore and conidiogenous cells with one-celled conidia with four very tiny lobes. Based on its conidial development and other morphological characteristics, we confirmed that this is a novel fungus and described it as P. ambigua sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses of P. ambigua based on the LSU nrDNA sequences showed that this fungus clusters in a single clade with the two known Polylobatispora spp. with 97% bootstrap value which is sister with Pseudoprobiscisporaceae. The Polylobatispora clade is nested in the Attracrosporales, Sordariomycetes. Furthermore, in this study two known species of Polylobatispora (P. deltoidea and P. quinquecornuta) were also isolated and illustrated.

Pseudonocardia babensis sp. nov., isolated from plant litter.

A novel actinomycete, designated strain VN05A0561(T), was isolated from plant litter collected at Ba Be National Park, Vietnam. The substrate mycelia and spore chains fragmented in a manner similar to nocardioform actinomycetes; the spores had smooth surfaces and were rod-shaped. Strain VN05A0561(T) had the following chemotaxonomic characteristics: meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, arabinose and galactose as characteristic sugars, MK-8(H4) as the major isoprenoid quinone, phosphatidylcholine as the diagnostic phospholipid and iso-C16:0 as the major cellular fatty acid. Strain VN05A0561(T) shared low levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (< 97 %) with the type strains of recognized species of the genus Pseudonocardia and could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives based on phenotypic characteristics. These results suggested that strain VN05A0561(T) represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, for which the name Pseudonocardia babensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is VN05A0561(T) (=VTCC-A-1757(T)=NBRC 105793(T)).

Aerobic degradation of cis-dichloroethene by the marine bacterium Marinobacter salsuginis strain 5N-3.

An aerobic bacterium, designated strain 5N-3 (NBRC 113055), that degrades cis-dichloroethene (cDCE) was isolated from a sea sediment in Japan. Strain 5N-3 was able to degrade a certain amount of cDCE in the presence of pyruvate without the action of inducers. In the presence of inducers, such as phenol and benzene, the strain completely removed cDCE. By the application of 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing and average nucleotide identity analyses, the strain 5N-3 was identified as Marinobacter salsuginis. On the other hand, identified species of Marinobacter are not known to degrade cDCE at all. A draft genome sequence analysis of the strain 5N-3 suggested that the dmp-homologous operon (operon for phenol degradation) may be contributing to the aerobic degradation of cDCE. This is the first report on an aerobic marine bacterium that has been found to degrade cDCE.

Human gnathostomiasis: a neglected food-borne zoonosis.

BACKGROUND: Human gnathostomiasis is a food-borne zoonosis. Its etiological agents are the third-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spp. Human gnathostomiasis is often reported in developing countries, but it is also an emerging disease in developed countries in non-endemic areas. The recent surge in cases of human gnathostomiasis is mainly due to the increasing consumption of raw freshwater fish, amphibians, and reptiles. METHODS: This article reviews the literature on Gnathostoma spp. and the disease that these parasites cause in humans. We review the literature on the life cycle and pathogenesis of these parasites, the clinical features, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, control, and new molecular findings on human gnathostomiasis, and social-ecological factors related to the transmission of this disease. CONCLUSIONS: The information presented provides an impetus for studying the parasite biology and host immunity. It is urgently needed to develop a quick and sensitive diagnosis and to develop an effective regimen for the management and control of human gnathostomiasis.

Production of bioactive compounds based on phylogeny in the genus Penicillium preserved at NBRC.

Penicillium strains (n=394) preserved at NBRC (the NITE Biological Resource Center) were compared as to groupings (11 species-clusters) based on phylogeny and the production of bioactive compounds. The strains in two clusters, of which P. chrysogenum and P. citrinum are representative, showed higher rates of positive strains with multi-biological activities.

Comparison of groupings among members of the genus Aspergillus based on phylogeny and production of bioactive compounds.

Three hundred sixty-six Aspergillus strains preserved at the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) were compared as to phylogenetic relationships (11 species-clusters) based on the DNA sequences of the D1/D2 domains of LSU rRNA and ITS regions, including the 5.8S rRNA and biological activities of their secondary metabolites. The results showed relatively well correlation between the phylogenetic distribution and the production of bioactive compounds, especially, antimicrobial activities.

Virgisporangium myanmarense sp. nov., a novel motile actinomycete isolated from an anthill soil in Myanmar.

An actinomycete strain, designated MM04-1133T, was isolated from an anthill soil sample collected in Bagan, Myanmar. To establish the taxonomic status of this strain, the isolate was subjected to a polyphasic approach. Strain MM04-1133T was Gram-staining positive, aerobic, motile and formed long and narrow sporangia directly above the surface of the substrate mycelium. Whole-cell hydrolysates of the strain contained 3-OH-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, glucose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose and xylose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H6) and MK-10(H8). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The diagnostic phospholipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content of the DNA was 69.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain MM04-1133T clustered within the genus Virgisporangium, with the sequence exhibiting highest similarity (98.5% identity) with Virgisporangium ochraceum NBRC 16418T. The strain grew in the presence of 0-1% (w/v) NaCl, at pH 5-8 and at 20-40 °C, with optimal growth at 30-37 °C. Based on phylogenetic analysis and chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data, we propose classifying this isolate as a novel species of the genus Virgisporangium, to be designated as Virgisporangium myanmarense sp. nov. The type strain is MM04-1133T (=NBRC 112733T=VTCC 910008T).