Relationship between exercise-induced muscle soreness, pain thresholds, and skin temperature in men and women.

Infrared thermography (IRT) has gained popularity in sports medicine for determining whether changes in skin temperature relate to pain and muscle damage. Such a relationship would support IRT as a non-invasive method to monitor these physiological responses. However, the literature remains controversial. Here, we determine the relationship between exercise-induced muscle soreness (DOMS), pain, and skin temperature in men and women before and after exercise. Twenty-two physically active adults (10 men and 12 women) completed a squat exercise protocol to induce muscle damage. Skin temperature, DOMS, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were assessed in the quadriceps pre, post-exercise, and 48 h post-exercise. DOMS increased similarly in men and women post-exercise and 48 h post-exercise. PPT was lower in women compared to men. PPT decreased 48 h post-exercise for men but did not differ between the moments for women. Skin temperature responses were sex-dependent. Mean and maximum temperatures increased post-exercise for men, and maximum temperature reduced 48 h post-exercise. In women, the minimum temperature increased 48 h post-exercise. DOMS was not predicted by skin temperature but showed a direct association between pre and 48 h post-exercise variation of maximum skin temperature and PPT. We conclude that there is a sex-dependent effect in analyzing skin temperature changes in response to exercise, something that seems to not have been addressed in previous studies. To date, inferences are generally assumed as similar for both men and women, which we show may not be the case.

Immunophenotyping with CD135 and CD117 predicts the FLT3, IL-7R and TLX3 gene mutations in childhood T-cell acute leukemia.

With the combination of immunophenotyping and molecular tests, it is still a challenge to identify the characteristics of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) associated with distinct outcomes. This study tests the possible correlation of cellular expression of CD135 and CD117 with somatic gene mutations in T-ALL. One hundred sixty-two samples were tested, including 143 at diagnosis, 15 from T-lymphoblastic lymphoma at relapse, and four relapse samples from sequential follow-up of T-ALL. CD135 and CD117 monoclonal antibodies were included in the T-ALL panel of flow cytometry. The percentage of cells positivity and the median fluorescence intensity were correlated with gene mutational status. STIL-TAL1, TLX3, FLT3 and IL7R mutations were tested using standard techniques. STIL-TAL1 was found in 24.8%, TLX3 in 12%, IL7R in 10% and FLT3-ITD in 5% of cases. FLT3 and IL7R mutations were mutually exclusive, as were FLT3-ITD and STIL-TAL1. Associations of CD135(high) (p<0.01), CD117(intermediate/high) (p=0.02) and FLT3-ITD, CD117(low) with IL7R(mutated) (p<0.01) and CD135(high) with TLX3(pos) were observed. We conclude that the addition of CD135 and CD117 to the diagnosis can predict molecular aberrations in T-ALL settings, mainly segregating patients with FLT3-ITD, who would benefit from treatment with inhibitors of tyrosine.

Effectiveness of varnish with CPP-ACP in prevention of caries lesions around orthodontic brackets: an OCT evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro efficiency of applying varnish containing casein phosphopeptide (CPP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in prevention of caries lesions around orthodontic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this purpose, brackets were bonded to the vestibular surface of bovine incisors, and eight groups were formed (n = 15) according to exposure of oral hygiene substances and enamel varnish: 1 (control) brushing only performed, 2 (control) brushing + use of mouth wash with fluoride, 3 Duraphat varnish application only (Colgate-Palmolive Ind. E Com. Ltda, São Paulo, SP, Brazil), 4 Duraphat + brushing, 5 Duraphat + brushing + mouth wash, 6 MI Varnish application (GC America, USA), 7 MI + brushing, and 8 MI + brushing + mouth wash. The experimental groups alternated between pH cycling and the procedures described and were kept in an oven at temperature of 37°C. Both brushing and immersion in solutions was performed in a time interval of 1 minute, followed by washing in deionized water three times a day for 28 days of experimentation. Afterwards, evaluation by optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the special type (Ganymede OCT/Thorlabs, Newton, USA) was performed. In each group, a scanning exam of the white spot lesion area (around the region where brackets were bonded) and depth measurement of caries lesions were performed. RESULTS: Groups 1 and 3 were shown to differ statistically from groups 5, 6, 7, and 8 (p = 0.000). MI Varnish was shown to be more effective in diminishing caries lesion depth, compared with Duraphat, irrespective of being associated with brushing and mouth wash, or not. LIMITATIONS: The major limitation of this study is that it is a study in which demineralization was obtained with the use of chemical products, and did not occur due to the presence of Streptococcus mutans and its acid byproducts. CONCLUSION: Application CPP-ACP-containing varnish irrespective of being associated with brushing and mouthwash, or not, reduced depth of caries lesions around orthodontic brackets.

ARID5B polymorphism confers an increased risk to acquire specific MLL rearrangements in early childhood leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Acute leukemia in early age (EAL) is characterized by acquired genetic alterations such as MLL rearrangements (MLL-r). The aim of this case-controlled study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IKZF1, ARID5B, and CEBPE could be related to the onset of EAL cases (<24 months-old at diagnosis). METHODS: The SNPs (IKZF1 rs11978267, ARID5B rs10821936 and rs10994982, CEBPE rs2239633) were genotyped in 265 cases [169 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 96 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)] and 505 controls by Taqman allelic discrimination assay. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between SNPs of cases and controls, adjusted on skin color and/or age. The risk was determined by calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Children with the IKZF1 SNP had an increased risk of developing MLL-germline ALL in white children. The heterozygous/mutant genotype in ARID5B rs10994982 significantly increased the risk for MLL-germline leukemia in white and non-white children (OR 2.60, 95% CI: 1.09-6.18 and OR 3.55, 95% CI: 1.57-8.68, respectively). The heterozygous genotype in ARID5B rs10821936 increased the risk for MLL-r leukemia in both white and non-white (OR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.12-3.79 and OR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.09-5.10, respectively). Furthermore, ARID5B rs10821936 conferred increased risk for MLL-MLLT3 positive cases (OR 7.10, 95% CI:1.54-32.68). Our data do not show evidence that CEBPE rs2239633 confers increased genetic susceptibility to EAL. CONCLUSIONS: IKZF1 and CEBPE variants seem to play a minor role in genetic susceptibility to EAL, while ARID5B rs10821936 increased the risk of MLL-MLLT3. This result shows that genetic susceptibility could be associated with the differences regarding MLL breakpoints and partner genes.

Women's perception about the discovery of breast cancer amid the covid-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is considered a health problem at a worldwide level. In Brazil, the South and Southeast regions have the highest mortality rates. Understanding how they dealt with the diagnostic of a stigmatized disease amid the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential repercussions, may enable healthcare professionals to of life. Thus, this study is aimed at understanding the perception of women about the discovery of breast cancer and the impact of the disease on their lives. METHODS: A qualitative study, with the participation of forty women with breast cancer, under chemotherapy treatment. It was performed in a hospital specialized in oncology, in Juiz de Fora, Brazil, in 2020 and 2021. Data collection was carried out with semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed with Bardin Content Analysis. RESULTS: Based on the central theme "Discovery of the disease", these categories were developed: "Discovery" and "Impact of the disease". A large part of women noticed a change in the breast, even before routine checks. Upon the impact of cancer diagnosis, negative feelings arise, then going through a process of acceptance and coping. Some barriers were faced due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused delays in the diagnostic and impact caused by social isolation. Family, friends, and healthcare professionals integrated an important supporting network in order to help coping with the disease. CONCLUSION: The consequences of a breast cancer diagnosis can be devastating. It is necessary that healthcare professionals know and embrace the feelings, beliefs, and values as a part of the aspects related to health. Valuing the supporting network of women suffering from the disease may favor the process of accepting and coping with the neoplasm. The COVID-19 pandemic is highlighted as an obstacle to be overcome specially when it comes to diagnostic assistance and availability of a support network. In that sense, it is worth mentioning the importance of a healthcare team able to offer full assistance, with quality. The need of further studies to determine the impact of the pandemic in the long run.

NQO1 rs1800566 (C609T), PON1 rs662 (Q192R), and PON1 rs854560 (L55M) polymorphisms segregate the risk of childhood acute leukemias according to age range distribution.

PURPOSE: The risk of developing childhood leukemia has been associated with gene polymorphisms that decrease the activity of detoxifying metabolic enzymes and enzymes involved in systemic oxidative stress. We investigated the NQO1 and PON1 polymorphisms for associations with susceptibility to childhood leukemia. METHODS: Samples from 1,027 Brazilian children (519 acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL; 107 acute myeloid leukemia, AML; 401 controls) were analyzed. TaqMAN real-time assays were used to determine the NQO1 rs1800566 (C609T), PON1 rs662 (Q192R), and PON1 rs854560 (L55M) frequencies. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of polymorphisms with cases and controls, with age and somatic fusion genes (MLL-r and ETV6-RUNX1) as covariables. RESULTS: Children with at least one NQO1 variant allele were at lower risk for developing infant AML (odds ratio (OR) 0.26, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.10-0.68); no association was detected for ALL. PON1 rs854560 (L55M) was associated with an increased risk of developing childhood leukemia (LM + MM, OR 1.93, 95 % CI 1.32-2.81). The PON1 rs662 R192R genotype had a statistically significant decreased frequency in ALL (OR 0.64, 95 % CI 0.43-0.93). Infant ALL cases were more likely to harbor homozygous PON1 rs854560 alleles than controls (OR 1.72, 95 % CI 1.03-2.89); at least one M allele was associated with an increased risk of ALL in children older than 1 year (OR 1.99, 95 % CI 1.17-3.3). CONCLUSIONS: The NQO1 rs1800566 (C609T), PON1 rs854560 (L55M), and PON1 rs662 (Q192R) polymorphisms modified risk depending on leukemia subtype (decreased in AML, increased and decreased in ALL, respectively), age strata, and variant genotype combinations.

CD26/DPPIV cell membrane expression and DPPIV activity in plasma of patients with acute leukemia.

CD26/DPPIV (dipeptidil peptidase IV) displays an array of diverse functional properties, with a role in the development of several human cancers. This enzyme is found mainly anchored in the membrane of cells although it also has an enzymatically active plasma isoform. The regulation of biological activities of cytokines by DPP IV activity has a potential role in the homeostatic regulation of hematopoiesis. In this study, we analyzed the CD26 antigen cell membrane expression by flow cytometry and the DPPIV activity in plasma of patients of acute leukemia. The results showed that the plasma DPPIV activity is significantly higher in leukemia patients and could be 100% inhibited by Januvia (Merck Sharp & Dohme) a selective DPPIV inhibitor. Although CD26 expression on immune cells were not leukemia-dependent the analysis of the correlation between CD26 expression and the DPPIV plasma activity were statistically significant (p < 0.01) in acute lymphoid leukemia (B-ALL and T-ALL).

Prática da automedicação entre estudantes de enfermagem de instituição de ensino superior / Práctica de la automedicación entre estudiantes de enfermería de institución de enseñanza superior / Self-medication practice among nursing students at a higher education institution

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer a prevalência, os medicamentos utilizados e os principais motivos da automedicação entre os discentes de um curso de enfermagem em uma instituição de ensino superior. Método: estudo transversal descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, com amostra de 126 estudantes matriculados no curso de graduação em enfermagem de instituição pública. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário estruturado disponibilizado por aplicativo e foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: os estudantes tinham entre 18 e 25 anos de idade (85,7%), a maioria do sexo feminino (92,9%) e moravam com familiares (86,5%). Observou-se um alto índice de automedicação (99,2%), e a classe medicamentosa prevalente foi a dos analgésicos (28,7%) utilizados para alívio rápido da dor (88,1%) e levados à utilização pelo próprio conhecimento (73,8%). Conclusão: a alta prevalência de automedicação coloca em risco a saúde dos estudantes e reforça a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas para a conscientização sobre o uso racional de medicamentos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer la prevalencia, los medicamentos utilizados y los principales motivos de la automedicación entre los discentes de un curso de enfermería en una institución de enseñanza superior. Método: estudio transversal descriptivo, de abordaje cuantitativo, con amuestra de 126 estudiantes inscriptos en el curso de pregrado en enfermería de institución pública. La recolección de datos fue realizada por medio de un cuestionario estructurado disponible en una aplicación (app) y fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva. Resultados: los estudiantes tenían entre 18 y 25 años de edad (85,7%), la mayoría del sexo femenino (92,9%) y vivían con familiares (86,5%). Se observó un alto índice de automedicación (99,2%), y la clase medicamentosa prevalente fue la de los analgésicos (28,7%) utilizados para el alivio rápido del dolor (88,1%) y llevados a la utilización por el propio conocimiento (73,8%). Conclusión: la alta prevalencia de automedicación pone en riesgo la salud de los estudiantes y refuerza la necesidad de la implementación de políticas públicas para la concienciación sobre el uso racional de medicamentos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the prevalence, medications used, and main reasons behind self-medication among nursing students at a higher education institution. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach and a sample of 126 students enrolled in the nursing undergraduate course of a public institution. Data were collected by applying a structured questionnaire made available on a cell phone app and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The students were between 18 and 25 years old (85.7%), women (92.9%), and lived with their relatives (86.5%). A high self-medication rate (99.2%) was found, and the prevailing drug class was pain killers (28.7%), used to obtain quick pain relief (88.1%) and taken according to the students' own knowledge (73.8%). Conclusion: The high prevalence of self-medication places these students' health at risk and stresses the need to implement public policies to raise awareness of the rational use of medications.

Prática da automedicação entre estudantes de enfermagem de instituição de ensino superior / Self-medication practice among nursing students at a higher education institution

Objective: To know the prevalence, medications used, and main reasons behind self-medication among nursing students at a higher education institution. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach and a sample of 126 students enrolled in the nursing undergraduate course of a public institution. Data were collected by applying a structured questionnaire made available on a cell phone app and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The students were between 18 and 25 years old(85.7%), women (92.9%), and lived with their relatives (86.5%). A high self-medication rate (99.2%) was found, and the prevailing drug class was pain killers (28.7%), used to obtain quick pain relief (88.1%) and taken according to the students' own knowledge (73.8%). Conclusion:The high prevalence of self-medication places these students' health at risk and stresses the need to implement public policies to raise awareness of the rational use of medications.

Objetivo: conhecer a prevalência, os medicamentos utilizados e os principais motivos da automedicação entre os discentes de um curso de enfermagem em uma instituição de ensino superior. Método: estudo transversal descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, com amostra de 126 estudantes matriculados no curso de graduação em enfermagem de instituição pública. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário estruturado disponibilizado por aplicativo e foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: os estudantes tinham entre 18 e 25 anos de idade (85,7%), a maioria do sexo feminino (92,9%) e moravam com familiares (86,5%). Observou-se um alto índice de automedicação (99,2%), e a classe medicamentosa prevalente foi a dos analgésicos (28,7%) utilizados para alívio rápido da dor (88,1%) e levados à utilização pelo próprio conhecimento (73,8%). Conclusão: a alta prevalência de automedicação coloca em risco a saúde dos estudantes e reforça a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas para a conscientização sobre o uso racional de medicamentos.

Prática da automedicação entre estudantes de ensino médio / Práctica de la automedicación entre estudiantes de enseñanza media / Self-medication among secondary school students

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer a prevalência, classes medicamentosas e principais motivos para a prática da automedicação entre os estudantes de ensino médio. Método: estudo transversal descritivo, com 130 estudantes de uma escola estadual do município de São Paulo. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva, testes paramétricos e não paramétricos para análise de dados. Resultados: as estudantes apresentaram idade entre 14 e 20 anos, 91 (70%) eram do sexo feminino e 112 (86,2%) praticaram a automedicação. Destes, 75 (67%) utilizaram para alívio de dores, 18 (16,1%) referiram ter tido reações adversas e a classe medicamentosa predominante foi a dos analgésicos com 147 (59,2%) menções. O fácil acesso do produto nas farmácias foi o principal motivo apontado por 49 (43,7%) participantes. Conclusão: destaca-se a importância da educação como meio de levar informações aos estudantes e familiares, visando desestimular a prática da automedicação nesta faixa populacional.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia, las clases medicamentosas y los principales motivos para la práctica de la automedicación entre estudiantes de enseñanza media. Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, realizado con 130 estudiantes de una escuela estatal del municipio de São Paulo. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, tests paramétricos y no paramétricos para el análisis de datos. Resultados: Los estudiantes tenían edad de entre 14 y 20 años; 91 (70% eran de sexo femenino; 112 (86,2%) refirieron automedicarse. De ellos, 75 (67%) utilizaron medicación para aliviar dolor, 18 (16,1%) informaron haber sufrido reacciones adversas. La clase medicamentosa predominante fue la de analgésicos, con 147 (59,2%) menciones. El fácil acceso al producto en farmacias fue el principal motivo expresado por 49 (43,7%) participantes. Conclusión: Se resalta la importancia de la educación como factor para difundir información entre estudiantes y familiares, apuntando a disminuir la práctica de la automedicación en esta faja poblacional.

ABSTRACT Objective: To gather data about the prevalence, drug classes, and main reasons for self-medication among secondary school students. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with 130 students from a state school in the municipality of São Paulo. Descriptive statistics, parametric, and nonparametric tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Students were between 13 and 20 years old, 91 (70%) were female and 112 (86.2%) practiced self-medication. Of these, 75 (67%) used medication for pain relief, 18 (16.1%) reported adverse reactions, and the most predominant drug class was pain relief medications, with 147 (59.2) mentions. Easy access to these products in drugstores was the main reason given by 49 (43.7%) participants. Conclusion: Education is important to deliver information to students and family members to discourage self-medication among this segment of the population.

Impact of mutations in FLT3, PTPN11 and RAS genes on the overall survival of pediatric B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Brazil.

We analyzed mutations in four genes (FLT3, KRAS/NRAS and PTPN11) that might disrupt the RAS/mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPKinase) signaling pathway, to evaluate their prognostic value in children younger than 16 years old with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Bcp-ALL). The overall survival (OS) was determined with the Kaplan-Meier method. MAPKinase genes were mutated in 25.4% and 20.1% of childhood and infant Bcp-ALL, respectively. Children with hyperdiploidy were more prone to harboring a MAPKinase gene mutation (odds ratio [OR] 3.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-9.49). The mean OS of all cases was 54.0 months. FLT3 and PTPN11 mutations had no impact on OS. K/NRAS mutations were strongly associated with MLL-AFF1 (OR 5.78; 95% CI 1.00-33.24), and conferred poorer OS (p = 0.034) in univariate analysis.

Do alcoholic beverages interfere in the force of orthodontic elastics? / Bebidas alcoólicas interferem na força dos elásticos ortodônticos?

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different alcoholic beverages on the decline in force of orthodontic elastics. Material and method: In a laboratory study, 6 groups of alcoholic beverages were tested. Control group (Group 1) was composed of distilled water. Experimental groups were Whisky (Group 2), Brandy (Group 3), Vodka (Group 4), Beer (Group 5), Sugar Cane Spirit/Rum (Group 6), Wine (Group 7). In the experimental groups, templates were used to enable elastics to be submerged in the alcoholic beverages for 30 seconds once a day. Force was measured with a digital dynamometer in six different time intervals: baseline, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Result: There were no significant differences between the treatments in the time intervals: baseline, 7, 14 and 28 days. There were statistical differences between Group 7 and the others in the first 24 hours, and between Group 1 and the others after 21 days. After 28 days, there were no significant differences in the force pattern among all groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Alcoholic beverages had no influence on the decline in force of the chain elastics. .

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos de diferentes bebidas alcoólicas sobre a força de decaimento de elásticos ortodônticos. Material e método: Em estudo laboratorial, foram testados 7 grupos de amostra, sendo: 1 grupo controle representado pela água destilada, e 6 experimentais: 2- Wisky, 3-Conhaque, 4-Vodka, 5-Cerveja, 6-Cachaça e 7-Vinho. Utilizou-se gabaritos para realizar a submersão das cadeias nas soluções de bebidas alcoólicas durante 30 segundos, uma vez ao dia nos grupos experimentais. A medição de força foi realizada com um dinamômetro digital em seis períodos diferentes 0, 1, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. Resultado: Não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos nos momentos baseline, 7 dias, 14 dias e 28 dias. Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre o grupo 7 e os demais no momento 24 horas e entre o grupo 1 e os demais no período 21 dias. No período 28 dias não houve diferenças significativas no padrão de força entre todos os grupos (p<0.05) Conclusão: As bebidas alcoolicas não exercem influência na degradação da força dos elásticos em cadeia. .