Healthy bi-regional connection: The EU-LAC Health initiative has promoted equitable and collaborative health research and innovation.

The European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean regions have enjoyed privileged relations since the first bi-regional Summit of Heads of State and Government, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1999, and the lunching of a Strategic Partnership. Health research stands as one of the major areas of research and development expenditure in both regions and has also been the focus of roughly 30% of all bilateral cooperation agreements and programmes.EU-LAC Health, a project funded by the European Union from 2011 to 2017, had the main objective to develop a consensus roadmap to enhance and coordinate the bi-regional collaboration between the European Union member states and Latin America and Caribbean countries in health research. From April 2013, EU-LAC Health has also supported the Working Group on Health created and designated by decision-makers at the highest political level to implement a bi-regional Join Initiative on Research and Innovation.This article collects and summarises the context, methodology (series of workshops, surveys and iterative deskwork by multiple bi-regional stakeholders) of this project, as well as the main outputs of (1) definition of a strategic roadmap, containing a scientific research agenda, to guide policy-makers in equitable and collaborative health research and innovation; (2) launching of the Joint Initiative on Health Research and Innovation, with the vision of being the reference body on the bi-regional health research and innovation collaboration; and (3) funding of 13 bi-regional health research and innovation projects.EU-LAC Health represents a successful example of bi-regional collaboration and the emerging networks and expertise gathered during the lifetime of the project have the potential to tackle common health challenges affecting the quality of life of citizens from the two regions and beyond. The project has also paved the way for more specific bi-regional initiatives such as a new initiative for bi-regional collaboration in personalised medicine that is being arranged by the partnership. Furthermore, it can inspire future initiatives for bi-regional research collaboration on other fields.

[Novel central dopaminergic agents derived from atypical di-substituted 2-aminoindane-4, 7. Synthesis and central pharmacological profile]. / Novedosos agentes dopaminérgicos centrales derivados del 2-aminoindano-4,7 disustituido atipico. Síntesis y perfil farmacológico central.

In recent decades, many compounds with central dopaminergic activity have been designed, synthesized and evaluated pharmacologically. However, it has not been possible to obtain a drug able to improve or cure diseases involving dopaminergic regulation in the central nervous system, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia, among others. Taking into consideration the term "atypical pharmacophore" and from the compound 5, the aralkyl fragment was incorporated, and the compounds 10, 11, 13a-h and 14a-h were synthesized. Both the compounds 10 and 13a-h under its methoxylated form and the compounds 11 and 14a-h under the phenolic form, were evaluated to determine their pharmacologically agonistic and antagonistic effects on central dopaminergic activity. For this, the effect of intracerebroventricular injection of said compounds on the hydromineral balance and stereotyped behavior in rats, was determined. The results of the preliminary pharmacological evaluation show a centrally acting action through dopamine mechanisms, in which the compounds 10, 11, 13d-h and 14a showed responses as agonists, whereas compounds 14b-h, had responses as antagonists.

Electronic and transport properties of unbalanced sublattice N-doping in graphene.

Using both first-principles techniques and a real-space Kubo-Greenwood approach, electronic and transport properties of nitrogen-doped graphene with a single sublattice preference are investigated. Such a breaking of the sublattice symmetry leads to the appearance of a true band gap in graphene electronic spectrum even for a random distribution of the N dopants. More surprisingly, a natural spatial separation of both types of charge carriers at the band edge is predicted, leading to a highly asymmetric electronic transport. Both the presence of a band gap, allowing large on/off ratio, and an asymmetric transport pave a new route toward efficient graphene-based field-effect transistors.

[Salt, fat and sugar reduction in the food, for getting the goals for Spanish population]. / Reducción del contenido de azúcar, grasa y sal en la cadena alimentaria: objetivo nutricional para la población española.

For the last 30 years food safety criteria and parameters of food products have been improved. Maximum safety level has been reached in the European Union. Furthermore, since 2006 in European countries the stage is being set for stabilizing similar processes for getting of certain objectives in the improvement of food and beverages nutrition profiles (specifically of sugar, fats and salt). In this sense, Spain is one of the countries that has advanced the most and culminated in an agreement between the Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition (Aecosan) and the Spanish Food and Drink Industry Federation (FIAB) for the improvement in the food and beverages composition as a priority objective for 2020. Although since 2010 there have been advances in sugar, saturated fats and salt reduction in certain food and beverages, this situation has been generalized from 2017.

Durante los últimos 30 años han mejorado los criterios y los parámetros de la higiene de los productos alimenticios. Se han alcanzado unos niveles de máxima seguridad en la Unión Europea. Además, desde el 2006 en los países europeos también están poniéndose las bases para establecer similares procesos para la consecución de determinados objetivos en la mejora de los parámetros nutricionales de los alimentos y de las bebidas (en concreto del azúcar, la grasa y la sal).En este sentido, España es uno de los países que más avances ha hecho y que han culminado con un acuerdo entre la Agencia Española de Consumo, Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición (Aecosan) y la Federación de Industrias de Alimentación y Bebidas (FIAB) para la mejora de la composición de los alimentos y de las bebidas como objetivo prioritario para el año 2020. Aunque desde el año 2010 ya se han producido avances en la reducción de azúcar, grasa saturada y sal en determinados alimentos y bebidas, esta situación se ha generalizado desde el año 2017.

The electronic and transport properties of two-dimensional conjugated polymer networks including disorder.

Two-dimensional (2D) conjugated polymers exhibit electronic structures analogous to that of graphene with the peculiarity of π-π* bands which are fully symmetric and isolated. In the present letter, the suitability of these materials for electronic applications is analyzed and discussed. In particular, realistic 2D conjugated polymer networks with a structural disorder such as monomer vacancies are investigated. Indeed, during bottom-up synthesis, these irregularities are unavoidable and their impact on the electronic properties is investigated using both ab initio and tight-binding techniques. The tight-binding model is combined with a real space Kubo-Greenwood approach for the prediction of transport characteristics for monomer vacancy concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%. As expected, long mean free paths and high mobilities are predicted for low defect densities. At low temperatures and for high defect densities, strong localization phenomena originating from quantum interferences of multiple scattering paths are observed in the close vicinity of the Dirac energy region while the absence of localization effects is predicted away from this region suggesting a sharp mobility transition. These predictions show that 2D conjugated polymer networks are good candidates to pave the way for the ultimate scaling and performances of future molecular nanoelectronic devices.

Chemical Makeup and Hydrophilic Behavior of Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons after Low-Temperature Fluorination.

Here we investigated the fluorination of graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) using H2 and F2 gases at low temperature, below 200 °C, with the purpose of elucidating their structure and predicting a fluorination mechanism. The importance of this study is the understanding of how fluorine functional groups are incorporated in complex structures, such as GONRs, as a function of temperature. The insight provided herein can potentially help engineer application-oriented materials for several research and industrial sectors. Direct (13)C pulse magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) confirmed the presence of epoxy, hydroxyl, ester and ketone carbonyl, tertiary alkyl fluorides, as well as graphitic sp(2)-hybridized carbon. Moreover, (19)F-(13)C cross-polarization MAS NMR with (1)H and (19)F decoupling confirmed the presence of secondary alkyl fluoride (CF2) groups in the fluorinated graphene oxide nanoribbon (FGONR) structures fluorinated above 50 °C. First-principles density functional theory calculations gained insight into the atomic arrangement of the most dominant chemical groups. The fluorinated GONRs present atomic fluorine percentages in the range of 6-35. Interestingly, the FGONRs synthesized up to 100 °C, with 6-19% of atomic fluorine, exhibit colloidal similar stability in aqueous environments when compared to GONRs. This colloidal stability is important because it is not common for materials with up to 19% fluorine to have a high degree of hydrophilicity.

Chinchón declaration; decalogue on low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS).

Multidisciplinary experts in the areas of nutrition and health met in Chinchón, Madrid, on November 25-26, 2013 under the auspices of the Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional (Nutrition Research Foundation) and with the collaboration of the Madrid Regional Government's Health Ministry, the International Sweeteners Association and the Carlos III Health Institute CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition. They analyzed the current status of scientific knowledge on low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) and developed a consensus Decalogue on their use; this constitutes the Chinchón Declaration. Sweeteners, including sugar, represent a subject of undeniable interest and are currently a popular topic, although areas relating to their safety and benefits remain unknown to segments of academia and the general public. The nature of LNCS makes them vulnerable to biased and even contradictory information. They are food additives that are broadly used as sugar substitutes to sweeten foods, medicines and food supplements when non-nutritional or non-caloric alternatives are needed. The Chinchón Decalogue is the outcome of a meeting for reflection and consensus by a group of experts with backgrounds in different scientific disciplines (toxicology, clinical nutrition, community nutrition, physiology, food science, public health, pediatrics, endocrinology and nutrition, nursing, pharmaceutical care and food legislation). The Decalogue includes different aspects of LNCS related to regulation, use, benefits and safety. In general, benefits of LNCS have been traditionally neglected in comparison with the tendency for emphasising unexisting or unproven possible risks. The need to strengthen research on LNCS in Spain was emphasized, as well as the need to educate both professionals and the public.

Expertos de carácter multidisciplinar de las áreas de conocimiento de la nutrición y la salud reunidos en Chinchón, Madrid, los días 25 y 26 de noviembre de 2013 , bajo los auspicios de la Fundación para la Investigación Nutricional y con la colaboración de la Consejería de Sanidad del Gobierno de la Comunidad de Madrid, la International Sweeteners Association y el CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, analizaron el estado actual del conocimiento científico en torno a los Edulcorantes sin y bajos en calorías (ESBC) y desarrollaron un Decálogo sobre su uso que constituye la Declaración de Chinchón. Los edulcorantes, incluido el azúcar, constituyen un elemento de indudable interés y actualidad, aunque no exento de desconocimiento por algunos sectores tanto académicos como de la población en general. La propia naturaleza de los ESBC los hace susceptibles de informaciones tergiversadas e incluso contradictorias. Son aditivos alimentarios ampliamente utilizados como sustitutivos del azúcar para endulzar alimentos, medicamentos y complementos alimenticios cuando se persiguen fines no nutritivos. El Decálogo de Chinchón es fruto de una reunión de reflexión y consenso por parte de un grupo de expertos procedentes de distintas disciplinas científicas (toxicología, nutrición clínica, nutrición comunitaria, fisiología, bromatología, salud pública, atención primaria, pediatría, endocrinología y nutrición, enfermería, atención farmacéutica y legislación alimentaria). El decálogo incluye diferentes aspectos de los EBSC relacionados con la legislación, uso, beneficios y seguridad. En general, los beneficios de los EBSC han sido tradicionalmente desatendidos en comparación con la tendencia de destacar posibles riesgos inexistentes o que no han sido probados. Hace especial hincapié en la necesidad de fortalecer la investigación de los EBSC en España, así como la necesidad de formar en este ámbito a los profesionales y a los consumidores en general.

Lesões ameaçadoras da vida no trauma torácico / Life threatening injuries in the thoracic trauma

Lesões do tórax respondem por aproximadamente 25% dos óbitos decorrentes de trauma, mas apesar do alto percentual de danos que acarretam, a maioria dos pacientes poderão ser satisfatoriamente tratados com procedimentos simples na sala de emergência. Nosso objeto neste capítulo é descrever, de forma resumida, as condições de maior risco e seus respectivos manejos.

Thoracic injuries count for approximately 25% of deaths due to trauma, and despite the high percentage of internal damage, most patients can be treated satisfactorily with simple procedures in the emergency room. Our objective in this chapter is to briefly describe these conditions and their management.

Tuberculose intestinal de localização colônica simulando neoplasia: relato de caso / Intestinal tuberculosis in colonic location mimicking neoplasia: case report

Objetivos: relatar um caso de tuberculose intestinal e enfatizar a necessidade e a dificuldade do diagnóstico diferencialcom neoplasia de cólon.Descrição do caso: uma paciente feminina de 52 anos teve uma lesão colônica diagnosticada por colonoscopiae biópsia, sugerindo adenocarcinoma. Foi realizado tratamento cirúrgico e o diagnóstico final foi de tuberculoseintestinal. A paciente era imunocompetente, tendo sido indicado tratamento com tuberculostáticos.Conclusões: achados endoscópicos e histopatológicos pré-operatórios devem ser interpretados cuidadosamente esempre correlacionados com o contexto clínico. O diagnóstico diferencial das lesões colônicas deve incluir neoplasiasmalignas e outras possíveis etiologias, como a tuberculose extrapulmonar.

Aims: To report a case of intestinal tuberculosis and emphasize the necessity and difficulty of differential diagnosiswith colonic cancer.Case description: A female patient of 52 years had a colonic lesion diagnosed by colonoscopy and biopsy, suggestingadenocarcinoma. Surgical treatment was performed and the final diagnosis was intestinal tuberculosis. The patientwas immunocompetent, and tuberculostatic treatment was indicated.Conclusions: Endoscopic and histological preoperative must be interpreted cautiously and always correlated with theclinical context. The differential diagnosis of colonic lesions should include malignant neoplasms and other possibleetiologies, such as extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.

Câncer colorretal: epidemiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento / Colorectal cancer: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

A presente revisão explora aspectos epidemiológicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos do câncer colorretal, com ênfase no tipo histológico mais freqüente, o adenocarcinoma de cólon.

Encuesta sero-epidemiológica de anticuerpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii en 125 mujeres enbarazadas del oriente del estado de Tabasco / Sero-epidemiological survey of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in 125 pregnant women from the west of Tabasco-Mexico

Se presenta el resultado de la encuesta sero-epidemiológica de 125 mujeres embarazadas en el oriente del Estado de Tabasco, de acuerdo a un programa diseñado por la dirección del Hospital del Niño "Dr. Rodolfo Nieto Padrón", en el cual se utiliza la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta; el 60% de los sueros analizados fueron positivos para anticuerpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii lo cual revela un alto grado de infección con respecto a lo reportado en nuestro país. Se comenta con respecto a los resultados, la literatura nacional e internacional