Botulinum toxin A in complex incisional hernia repair: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and short and long-term postoperative results of using BTA. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review following the recommendations of the PRISMA method. We systematically reviewed the MEDLINE/PubMed and SCOPUS electronic databases for studies published between January 2010 and September 2021. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, with registration number CRD42021252445. RESULTS: After applying the selection criteria, 11 relevant articles were selected. The total sample size was 1058 patients. Most studies aimed to assess the rate of fascial closure, followed by the rate of recurrence and reporting of postoperative complications, as well as the need for the components separation technique (CST). None of the studies reported serious complications from using BTA. Regarding fascial closure, all articles had rates above 75%, except for one. Surgical site events ranged between 19% and 29.4%. No recurrence in the group that used BTA was recorded in five studies. The other articles reported recurrence rates ranging from 6.4 to 11.4% in the groups that received BTA. The studies had varying follow-up times ranging from 1 to 49 months, with a mean of 18.6 months (± 11.2). CONCLUSION: This review described most of the key points about the preoperative use of BTA in hernia repair. It can be concluded that the use of BTA is a safe and effective practice that promotes good short and long-term results. However, the limitations of the current literature prevent more accurate conclusions on the subject.

Cation Solvation and Physicochemical Properties of Ca Battery Electrolytes.

Divalent-cation-based batteries are being considered as potential high energy density storage devices. The optimization of electrolytes for these technologies is, however, still largely lacking. Recent demonstration of the feasibility of Ca and Mg plating and stripping in the presence of a passivation layer or an artificial interphase has paved the way for more diverse electrolyte formulations. Here, we exhaustively evaluate several Ca-based electrolytes with different salts, solvents, and concentrations, via measuring physicochemical properties and using vibrational spectroscopy. Some comparisons with Mg- and Li-based electrolytes are made to highlight the unique properties of the Ca2+ cation. The Ca-salt solubility is found to be a major issue, calling for development of new highly dissociative salts. Nonetheless, reasonable salt solubility and dissociation are achieved using bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI), BF4, and triflate anion based electrolytes and high-permittivity solvents, such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), γ-butyrolactone (gBL), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The local Ca2+ coordination is concentration-dependent and rather complex, possibly involving bidentate coordination and participation of the nitrogen atom of DMF. The ionicity and the degree of ion-pair formation are both investigated and found to be strongly dependent on the nature of the cation, solvent donicity, and salt concentration. The large ion-ion interaction energies of the contact ion pairs, confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, are expected to play a major role in the interfacial processes, and thus, we here provide electrolyte design strategies to engineer the cation solvation and possibly improve the power performance of divalent battery systems.

[Assessment of diabetic patient management at primary health care level]. / Avaliação do cuidado prestado a pacientes diabéticos em nível primário.

OBJECTIVE: The characterization of diabetic patients seen at a primary health care clinic. METHODS: The case notes of 3,024 families were searched by means of a cross-sectional study for patients 30 to 75 years of age with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus who had had a medical consultation during the previous five years. These patients were interviewed at their homes and were asked to come to the health center for physical examination and a plasma glucose test using glucosylated hemoglobin (GH). RESULTS: The prevalence of diabetes was 4%. The typical diabetic patient was a white women, > or = 50 years of age, from a family with a monthly income < or = 3 minimum wages. Compliance with GH was observed in 70% of the patients. Diet therapy was followed by less than one third of the patients and only one fifth were engaged in regular exercise. Nearly 70% were undergoing drug therapy (oral hypoglicemic agents or insulin); of these, only 15% used insulin. Most of the patients (66%) who agreed to have the GH test showed normal or fair glucose blood levels. CONCLUSIONS: Great efforts should be made by health teams to enhance diabetic patient education in order to promote compliance with recommendations regarding diet and exercise.

Ecology of a stream from upper Paraná River basin inhabited by Aspidoras fuscoguttatus Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1976 (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae).

Most information on catfishes of the genus Aspidoras has focused species kept in aquaria, in non-natural conditions. Biotic and abiotic parameters of environment inhabited by Aspidoras fuscoguttatus, associated ichthyofauna, as well as strategies involved in the successful occupation of different microhabitats in a first order stream, located in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, were investigated. Data collection was monthly performed at three segments (headwaters, middle course, and mouth) from August 1999 to July 2000. The greatest values of water temperature, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, width, depth, and current velocity were obtained in the rainy season. Dissolved oxygen levels showed significant differences among three segments in all sampling months, except for September. Substrate composition was predominantly sandy, followed by silt and clay in middle course and mouth in rainy as much as in dry seasons. In headwaters a large increase of the sandy fraction occurred in the rainy season. In the marginal and aquatic vegetation 30 species of macrophytes and 5 of macroalgae were identified. The fauna included tadpoles of Anura and macroinvertebrates (Mollusca, Crustacea, Arachnida, and 8 orders of Insecta). A. fuscoguttatus was found throughout the entire stream in sympatry with 6 fish species. In middle course, cluster analysis revealed an association between A. fuscoguttatus immatures and low depth, suggesting a probable function of depth in that stage of ontogenetic development of catfishes. The results indicate that A. fuscoguttatus present plasticity in terms of microhabitat, including air breathing behavior in hypoxic conditions, previously unknown in genus Aspidoras.

Heart rate variability parameters of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs with and without heart failure obtained using 24-hour Holter electrocardiography.

Time-domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters and the correlation between echocardiography and Holter examinations in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) were determined. Holter examination was also performed at different time frames: an entire 24-hour period, a four-hour period during sleep, and a four-hour period while awake. Ten healthy (control group) and 28 MMVD dogs, 15 with and 13 without heart failure, were evaluated. The SDANN (sd of the mean normal RR intervals for all five-minute segments during 24-hour Holter) and pNN(50) (percentage of differences between adjacent normal RR intervals that are >50 ms computed over 24-hour Holter) variables were significantly lower in the dogs with MMVD heart failure. The differences in HRV between the groups were only detected during the 24-hour evaluation period (P<0.05). There were high correlations (canonical analysis) between Holter and echocardiography examinations when considering pNN(50), SDANN, and LA/AO (left atrial to aortic root ratio) (r=0.92; P<0.05), indicating that both are important in evaluating MMVD dogs. SDANN and pNN(50) are measures of parasympathetic control of the heart, and thus, it is possible to infer that the MMVD dogs exhibit parasympathetic withdrawal during the development of heart failure.

Heart rate variability and arrhythmias evaluated with Holter in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease / Variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e arritmias detectadas pelo exame Holter em cães com degeneração valvar mitral

Cardiac diseases promote alterations in the autonomic control of the heart, leading to an increase in heart rate and, as a result, a decrease in heart rate variability (HRV).The aim of this study was to evaluate if the development of heart failure secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) concurs with changes in autonomic modulation of heart rhythm which are assessed by long electrocardiography examination (Holter). Dogs were evaluated by clinical examination and echocardiography in order to be categorized into the following groups: Control (healthy; n=6), DMVD (disease without heart failure; n=8), and DMVD heart failure (disease with heart failure; n=13). Arrhythmias and frequency domain HRV were determined by Holter. Diseased animals, when compared to healthy, had significantly lower total power, which indicates overall HRV. DMVD heart failure dogs also showed other disturbances such as high incidence of supraventricular arrhythmias, high heart rate, little amount of pauses (2.0s long between consecutive heartbeats), longer time in tachycardia, shorter time in bradycardia, low high frequency (parasympathetic control), and high low frequency (sympathetic and parasympathetic control) when compared to control (p<0.05). In DMVD dogs, Holter-derived variables changed with the development of heart failure...

As cardiopatias cursam com alterações do controle autonômico do coração, resultando em taquicardia e consequente diminuição na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se o desenvolvimento de insuficiência cardíaca secundária à degeneração valvar mitral (DVM) leva a alterações no controle autonômico do coração, as quais podem ser determinadas pela eletrocardiografia contínua (Holter). Cães foram distribuídos em grupos experimentais após avaliação clínica e ecocardiográfica da seguinte maneira: controle (saudáveis; n=6), DVM sem insuficiência cardíaca (n=8) e DVM com insuficiência cardíaca (n=13). Arritmias e VFC foram determinadas pelo Holter. Animais portadores de DVM, quando comparados ao controle, apresentaram diminuição significativa da potência total, a qual é representativa de toda a VFC. Somente cães doentes e com insuficiência cardíaca apresentaram incidência elevada de arritmias supraventriculares, frequência cardíaca aumentada, pequena quantidade de pausas superiores a 2,0s entre batimentos consecutivos, permanência por mais tempo em taquicardia do que em bradicardia, diminuído índice de alta frequência (indicativo de controle parassimpático) e elevado índice de baixa frequência (indicativo de controle simpático e parassimpático), quando comparados ao controle (p<0,05). Assim, conclui-se que, em cães portadores de DVM, as variáveis obtidas com o Holter apresentam-se alteradas devido ao desenvolvimento de insuficiência cardíaca...

Infarto agudo do miocárdio e injeção intramiocárdica experimental em cães: estudos clínico, enzimático, eletrocardiográfico e ecocardiográfico / Experimental acute myocardial infarction in dogs: clinic, enzymatic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic studies

Os eventos isquêmicos em cães são incomuns, porém podem estar sendo subnotificados. Avaliou-se o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) clinicamente, por meio de eletrocardiografia (ECG), eletrocardiografia contínua (EC), ecocardiografia (ECO), enzima creatina quinase (CK), enzima creatina quinase fração MB (CK-MB) e anátomo-histologicamente em cães sem raça definida, e observou-se a ocorrência de arritmias após injeção intramiocárdia por EC. O IAM foi obtido após a ligadura da coronária descendente anterior. Os animais apresentaram ao ECO dilatação da câmara esquerda e aumento do índice de desempenho miocárdico. Ao ECG houve desnivelamento de ST nas derivações pré-cordiais V1 e V2. No EC observaram-se arritmias ventriculares graves e supradesnivelamento de ST. As enzimas CK e CK-MB aumentaram significativamente, sendo que os picos de CK-MB e de CK ocorreram seis horas e 12 horas, respectivamente, após o IAM. Na análise histológica constatou-se infarto da parede inferior do ventrículo esquerdo e substituição do tecido muscular por tecido fibroso. Avaliou-se a injeção intramiocárdica por EC que pode servir como via terapêutica cardíaca, não sendo observado aumento das arritmias ventriculares após a injeção no miocárdio infartado. O infarto em cães pode ser detectado pelos exames cardíacos disponíveis, e a injeção intramiocárdica é uma via terapêutica cardíaca possível.

Ischemic events in dogs are uncommon; however, this may be under-reported. The myocardial infarction was created by left anterior descending coronary ligation in healthy mongrel dogs in clinical and laboratorial exams. These dogs were evaluated clinically, electrocardiography (ECG), through ambulatory electrocardiography (AE), echocardiography (ECO), creatine kinase enzyme (CK), creatine kinase MB fraction enzyme (CK-MB) and histopathologically. Even in these animals we observed the occurrence of arrhythmia after intramyocardial injection by AE. The animals exhibited left ventricular chamber enlargement and increase in myocardial performance index at ECO. In ECG, there were deviations in ST segment in the precordial leads V1 and V2. CK and CK-MB showed high increase, CK and CK-MB peaks occurred six and 12 hours after infarction, respectively. Histopathology of the infarction in the inferior wall of the left ventricle and replacement of muscle tissue by fibrous tissue were seen. Furthermore, intramyocardial injection that may be used for therapeutic purposes was evaluated by AE, which demonstrated no increase in the ventricular arrhythmias. Therefore, myocardial infarction in dogs can be detected with the tests available and intramyocardial injection can be used as a therapeutic way.

Defeito de septo atrial em cão idoso / Atrial septal defect in an elderly dog

Atendeu-se uma cadela de 11 anos de idade, em hospital veterinário escola, apresentando anorexia, pulso jugular, taquipnéia e ascite. As radiografias torácicas mostraram efusão pleural. O exame ecocardiográfico identificou comunicação interatrial (CIA) grande, espessamento e insuficiência das valvas atrioventriculares. O tratamento foi realizado sem que houvesse melhora clínica significativa. O exame necroscópico confirmou a comunicação interatrial do tipo ostium secundum. Acredita-se que a apresentação dos sinais clínicos em cão idoso foi devido ao aumento do fluxo errático pelo defeito, secundário à degeneração da valva mitral. Conclui-se que a CIA pode causar sinais clínicos em animais adultos.

Avaliação radiográfica da silhueta cardíaca pelo método vertebral heart size em cães da raça Yorkshire Terrier clinicamente normais / Radiographic evaluation of the cardiac silhouette in clinically normal Yorkshire Terrier dogs through the vertebral heart size method

Determinou-se valor médio do vertebral heart size (VHS) em cães da raça Yorkshire Terrier. Foram selecionados 30 cães clinicamente normais, com média de peso de 2,42±0,64kg e idades entre um e seis anos. Os animais foram submetidos ao exame radiográfico do tórax nas projeções lateral direita, ventrodorsal e dorsoventral. Foram feitas mensurações para avaliação cardíaca e da profundidade e largura torácicas. O valor médio de VHS foi de 9,9±0,6 vértebras na projeção lateral, 10,1±0,6 vértebras na projeção ventrodorsal e 10,0±0,6 vértebras na projeção dorsoventral. Não houve diferença entre esses valores. Cinco animais (16,7 por cento) apresentaram VHS acima de 10,5 vértebras, valor sugerido como limite superior para a maioria das raças, em projeção lateral. Os valores de VHS correlacionaram-se com peso corporal nas projeções lateral e ventrodorsal. A razão profundidade:largura torácica apresentou valor médio de 0,75±0,06. Não foi observada correlação entre a qualidade do tórax e o VHS.

The mean vertebral heart size (VHS) was established for Yorkshire Terrier dogs. Thirty clinically normal dogs with mean weight of 2.42±0.64kg and ages varying from one to six years of age, were studied. The animals were submitted to right lateral, ventrodorsal and dorsoventral thoracic radiographs. The Buchanan e Bücheler method was applied to the cardiac silhouette and thoracic depth and width. The VHS was 9.9±0.6 vertebrae on lateral, 10.1±0.6 on ventrodorsal and 10.0±0.6 on dorsoventral radiographs. There was no difference among these values. Five animals (16.7 percent) presented VHS values exceeding 10.5, the value suggested as upper limit for most breeds in lateral view. However, 95 percent of the animals in this study provide VHS values below the upper limit, and this should be equal to 11 vertebrae. The VHS values had significant correlation with body weight on lateral and VD radiographs. The mean depth:width ratio was 0.75±0.06. There was no correlation among VHS and depth:width ratios.

Ecocardiografia de cães da raça Yorkshire Terrier clinicamente normais / Echocardiography of clinically normal Yorkshire Terrier dogs

Determinaram-se os parâmetros ecocardiográficos em modo-M normais de cães da raça Yorkshire Terrier. Foram utilizados 30 cães clinicamente sadios, com peso médio de 2,42±0,64kg e idades entre um e seis anos. O diâmetro do átrio esquerdo e da aorta, a dimensão interna do ventrículo esquerdo na diástole e na sístole, a espessura do septo interventricular na diástole e na sístole, e a espessura da parede posterior do ventrículo esquerdo na diástole e na sístole correlacionaram-se com o peso corporal. As demais variáveis do modo-M não se correlacionaram com peso corporal, sexo ou idade. Os valores ecocardiográficos obtidos neste estudo podem ser utilizados como referência para cães dessa raça.

The aim of this study was to establish the normal echocardiographic parameters in M-mode for Yorkshire Terrier dogs. Thirty clinically normal dogs with mean weight of 2.42±0.64kg and ages varying from one to six years old were studied. The left atrial diameter, the aortic diameter, the left ventricular internal dimension at end - diastole and end - systole, end - diastolic and end - systolic interventricular septal thickness, and end - diastolic and end - systolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness had correlation with body weight. The other M - mode variables showed no linear correlations with body weight, sex or age. The echocardiographic values found in this study can be used as reference for this breed.

Utilização da glutamina, associada ao ácido glutâmico, sobre o desenvolvimento e a atividade enzimática em frangos de corte / Utilization of glutamine, associated with glutamic acid, on development and enzymatic activity in broiler chickens

Avaliou-se o efeito da glutamina, associada ao ácido glutâmico, proveniente de um produto comercial, sobre o desenvolvimento e a atividade enzimática em frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 800 pintos de corte, machos, de um a 42 dias de idade, distribuídos em cinco tratamentos, sendo quatro níveis de suplementação do Aminogut®: 0,5; 1,5; 3,0 e 5,0 por cento + uma dieta-controle, isenta do produto. Observou-se melhor índice de eficiência produtiva para os frangos alimentados com dietas suplementadas com 2,8 por cento de Aminogut®. Independentemente dos tratamentos, verificou-se aumento das atividades da maltase, sacarase e fosfatase alcalina intestinais com o avanço da idade das aves. Para as enzimas pancreáticas, observou-se maior atividade da amilase e lipase aos 14 dias de idade, coincidindo com a maior taxa de crescimento alométrico do pâncreas.

Evaluation of the effect of glutamine associated with glutamic acid in a commercial product, on the growth and enzyme activities in broiler chickens. 800 day-old male broiler chicks were used during the 42 days of trial, and were allotted to five treatments, four levels of Aminogut® supplementation - 0.5, 1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 percent + control-diet, free product. The best index of productive efficiency in broiler chickens was observed in those fed diets supplemented with 2.8 percent Aminogut®. Regardless of the treatment, there was increase in maltase, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities as the age of the chickens increased. For pancreatic enzymes, more activity of amylase and lipase can be observed at 14 days of age, coinciding with the highest rate of allometric growth of pancreas.

Estudo retrospectivo ecodopplercardiográfico das principais cardiopatias diagnosticadas em cães / Echodopplercardiographic retrospective study of the main cardiopathies diagnosed in dogs

A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate echodopplercardiographic examinations of 854 dogs referred to the service of echocardiography. This work presents the frequency of the main cardiopathies according to breed, gender, and presence of echocardiographic alterations. The valvular acquired disease was the most common cardiopathy (76.7%), mainly occurring in male dogs of small breeds. The dilated cardiomyopathy was the second more diagnosed cardiovascular pathology (9.8%), and most frequently noticed in male dogs of large or giant breeds. However, Cocker Spaniel breed also presented a high prevalence for this cardiopathy.

Doença crônica da valva mitral em cães: avaliação clínica funcional e mensuração ecocardiográfica da valva mitral / Chronic mitral valvular disease in dogs: assessment of functional clinical stage and echocardiographic measurement of the mitral valve

Foram descritos os achados do exame físico em cães com degeneração mixomatosa crônica da valva mitral e mensurado o comprimento e a espessura das cúspides da valva mitral pelo exame ecocardiográfico. Utilizaram-se 81 cães de diferentes raças de pequeno a médio porte, com idade de 11,12± 2,51 anos e peso de 6,24kg± 3,19, dos quais 20 eram clinicamente normais (grupo-controle) e 61 apresentavam evidências clínicas de cardiopatia. Os animais foram distribuídos em três classes distintas segundo a insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (grupos I, II e III), de acordo com os dados do histórico e dos sinais clínicos apresentados. Ao exame ecocardiográfico, avaliaram-se as medidas das cúspides da valva mitral, que não apresentaram diferença entre os cães do grupo I e II, embora estivessem anormais se comparadas às dos cães do grupo-controle. Nos animais do grupo III, as medidas das valvas avaliadas foram maiores que as dos cães dos grupos I e II. Foram observados nódulos com formato arredondado e, nos cães do grupo III, as cúspides estavam bastante alongadas e espessadas.

Physical and echocardiographic aspects were studied in dogs with chronic mitral valvular disease. The length and thickness of the mitral valve leaflets were echocardiographically measured. Eighty-one dogs of small-medium breeds (mean of 6.24kg± 3.19), older than six years (11.12± 2.51 years) were used. Twenty were clinically normal dogs (control group) and 61 presented myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve. The diseased dogs were categorized into three classes of congestive heart failure (I, II, and III groups) according to the information on clinical manifestations. On the echocardiographic exam, the measurements of the mitral valve leaflets were evaluated and no diferences between dogs of groups I and II were found, though they were abnormal if compared with control group animals. Group III dogs presented measurements higher than those of animals of groups I and II, as well as leaflets very thick and round-shaped nodules were observed.

Perfis eletrocardiográfico e ecodopplercardiográfico de ovinos após ingestão da suspensão aquosa de Mascagnia rigida Griseb. (Malpighiaceae). / Electrocardiographical and echocardiographical profiles in experimental Mascagnia rigida Griseb. (Malpighiaceae) toxicosis in sheep

Estudou-se o perfil eletrocardiográfico e ecodopplercardiográfico de ovinos intoxicados experimentalmente pela Mascagnia rigida Griseb (Malpighiaceae). Quinze ovinos machos da raça Santa Inês, com sete meses de idade e pesando, em média, 27kg, foram distribuídos em três grupos (G) com cinco animais cada: No G1 (controle), os animais receberam apenas água; nos G2, receberam 20g/kg de M. rigida durante três dias; e no G3, 20g/kg de M. rigida, durante sete dias. As folhas de M. rigida foram trituradas com água e administradas na forma de suspensão, por via oral, por meio de sonda. M. rigida promoveu aumento da FC em repouso e, principalmente, durante o esforço físico e diminuiu a fração de ejeção e o percentual de encurtamento sistólico do ventrículo esquerdo.

The electrocardiographical and echocardiographical alterations produced by intraruminal administration of Mascagnia rigida griseb. (Malpighiaceae) in sheep were studied. Fifteen male Santa Inês sheep were randomly allotted to three groups: G1 - animals only received water (control); G2 - animals were treated with M. rigida, 20g/kg/day, for three days; and G3 - animals were treated with M. rigida, 20g/kg/day, for seven days. All treatments were administered by an orogastric tube. M. rigida administration produced increase in heart rate during rest and exercise, and decreased in fractional ejection, and fractional shortening.

Avaliação por eletrocardiografia contínua (holter) em cães da raça Pastor Alemão praticantes de atividade física regular / Ambulatory electrocardiography (Holter) evaluation in physically active German shepherd dogs

The pattern for ambulatory electrocardiography was evaluated in 25 healthy German Shepherd dogs. The influences of gender, age, and physical activity in HR maximum, mean, and minimum (HRmx, HRme, and HRmin, respectively) were studied. The physically active dogs (PA) showed lower HRme than sedentary animals (S) (P=0.03), whereas HRmx and HRmin were not altered (P=0.06 and P=0.65, respectively). The HRme was 80.89±13.85 for PA and 112.94±35.71 for S. No effect of gender and age on HR was observed. It is possible to state that the physical activity can modulate the sinus node of the dogs.

Índices ecoDopplercardiográficos de função ventricular esquerda em cães das raças Boxer e Schnauzer Miniatura / EchoDopplercardiographic indexes of left ventricular function in Boxer and Miniature Schnauzer dogs

Avaliaram-se o índice de performance do miocárdio (IPM) e outros índices ecoDopplercardiográficos de função ventricular em cães de duas raças de diferentes biotipos. Foram utilizados 24 cães da raça Schnauzer Miniatura, com média de peso de 8,4±1,6kg, e 24 cães da raça Boxer, com média de peso de 25,1±2,6kg. O IPM na raça Schnauzer Miniatura foi 0,32 e na raça Boxer 0,48. Os valores do IPM, dos índices de fase de ejeção, do período de pré-ejeção, da relação período de pré-ejeção/período de ejeção e do tempo de desaceleração da onda E do fluxo mitral diferiram entre as duas raças. Observou-se correlação entre o peso corporal e esses índices, e o peso corporal foi considerado a principal característica racial responsável pelas diferenças observadas. O tempo de ejeção (r=-0,51), o período de pré-ejeção (r=-0,44) e o tempo de relaxamento isovolumétrico (r=-0,38) foram os únicos parâmetros a apresentar correlação com a freqüência cardíaca (FC). O uso da relação período de pré-ejeção/tempo de ejeção e do tempo de ejeção corrigido pela freqüência cardíaca diminui o efeito da FC sobre esses parâmetros.

The index of myocardial performance (IMP) and others ecoDopplercardiographic indexes of ventricular function were evaluated in dogs of two different breeds and somatotypes. Twenty-four Miniature Schnauzer dogs averaging 8.4±1.6kg and 24 Boxer dogs averaging 25.1±2.6kg were used. IPM, ejection phase indexes, pre-ejection period, pre-ejection period/ejection time relation, and E wave deceleration time of mitral inflow showed correlation to body weight with significant differences between the breeds. Body weight was considered the main breed characteristic responsible for the observed differences. Ejection time (r=-0.51), pre-ejection time (r=-0.44), and isovolumetric relaxation time (r=-0.38) presented correlation with heart rate. The use of pre-ejection period/ejection time relation and ejection time correct by heart rate diminishes the influence of heart rate on the parameters.

Avaliação ecodopplercardiográfica da função diastólica em cães da raça Boxer / Ecodopplercardiographic evaluation of diastolic function in Boxer dogs

Foram avaliados os principais índices diastólicos, inclusive a velocidade de propagação mitral (Vp), em 36 cães sadios da raça Boxer, 18 de cada sexo, de idade entre um ano e meio e seis anos. A relação raiz aórtica e átrio esquerdo medida no modo B foi de 1,17±0,11. Os picos de velocidades das ondas de enchimento atrial esquerdo foram: sistólica 31,41±6,87cm/s, diastólica (D) 73,85±17,04cm/s e de reversão atrial 28,90±8,33cm/s. A relação das ondas de enchimento ventricular inicial (E) e atrial (A) foi 1,58±0,19 na valva mitral e de 1,62±0,29 na valva tricúspide. Entre os índices avaliados, a Vp só se correlacionou fracamente (r=0,39) com as ondas E e A mitrais e com a onda D, mostrando-se um índice, relativamente, independente. A Vp não apresentou diferença significativa entre os sexos nem entre examinadores. A Vp diminuiu com o aumento da idade e exibiu valor médio, neste estudo, de 99,73±16,06cm/s

Major diastolics indexes, including the mitral propagation velocity (Vp), were evaluated in 36 healthy Boxer dogs, 18 males and 18 females, aging from 1.5 to 6-years-old. The aortic root and left atrium ratio, measured in B mode, was 1.17±0.11. The peaks of velocity of waves of the left atrium filling were: systolic 31.41±6.87cm/s, diastolic 73.85±17.04cm/s and atrial reversal 28.90±8.33cm/s. The ratios of the waves of initial ventricular filling were 1.58±0.19 to mitral valve and 1.62±0.29 to tricuspid valve. From the evaluated indexes, the Vp was only weakly correlated (r=0.39) with E and A waves of mitral valve and with D, showing itself, relativity, as an independence index. Regarding to the Vp, no significant differences were seen between the gender of the animals and among the observers. The Vp decreased as the age increased, showing mean values of 99.73±16.06cm/s

Endoscopia gastroduodenal após administração de nimesulida, monofenilbutazona e meloxicam em cães / Gastroduodenal endoscopy after nimesulide, monophenylbutazone and meloxicam administration in dogs

Avaliaram-se os aspectos da mucosa gastroduodenal em cães tratados experimentalmente com nimesulida, monofenilbutazona e meloxicam. Foram formados quatro grupos com oito cães. Os grupos 1, 2 e 3 receberam, respectivamente, tratamento com nimesulida, monofenilbutazona e meloxicam durante 21 dias, e o grupo 4 foi utilizado como controle. Todos os animais foram avaliados por exames endoscópicos do estômago e duodeno antes do experimento e aos 10 e 21 dias de tratamento. Os cães não manifestaram qualquer alteração clínica ou laboratorial durante o período de estudo. A avaliação endoscópica da mucosa gastroduodenal apresentou apenas lesões consideradas de baixo grau. Esses antiinflamatórios mostraram-se seguros para o trato gastrintestinal de cães clinicamente saudáveis

The gastroduodenal mucosa in dogs experimentally treated with nimesulide, monophenylbutazone and meloxicam was evaluated. There were four groups with eight dogs in each. Groups one, two and three were given nimesulide, monophenylbutazone and meloxicam, respectively, during 21 days and group four was used as control. All animals were evaluated by gastroduodenoscopy before the study and on the 10th and 21st days. The dogs did not show any clinical or laboratorial changes during the study. The endoscopic evaluation of gastroduodenal mucosa showed only low degree lesions. These anti-inflammatory drugs showed to be safe for the gastrointestinal tract in healthy dogs

Ecocardiografia modo Doppler pulsado em gatos clinicamente sadios / Pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography in clinically healthy cats

Estudou-se o fluxo sangüíneo através das quatro valvas cardíacas em 30 gatos clinicamente sadios, com idade entre um e cinco anos e peso médio de 4,08kg, por meio da ecocardiografia modo Doppler pulsado. Foram medidas a velocidade máxima e a velocidade média dos fluxos, e realizou-se uma análise qualitativa dos seus perfis. Os animais foram sedados pela combinação de quetamina (12mg/kg) e acepromazina (0,04mg/kg), aplicados por via intramuscular. Observou-se correlação positiva entre os parâmetros avaliados e a freqüência cardíaca, com exceção daqueles medidos no fluxo da valva aórtica. Não se observou correlação entre velocidades máxima e média e freqüência cardíaca e entre aquelas e peso corporal, e não houve diferença entre sexos.

Pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography was used to study blood flow across the cardiac valves in 30 five-year-old cats (average body weight = 4.08kg). Animals were sedated using a combination of ketamin (12mg/kg, IM) and acepromazin (0.04mg/kg, IM). Peak and mean velocities were determined, and blood flow patterns were recorded at the four cardiac valves. All variables, except those characterizing aortic valve flow, were positively correlated with heart rate. Blood flow variables were not correlated, however, with body weight; and there were no differences between males and females.

Histoplamose cutânea em gato: relato de caso / Cutaneous Histoplamose in cat: case story

Descreve-se um caso de histoplasmose cutânea em um gato, da raça Siamesa, com três anos de idade. O animal apresentava crescimento de aspecto esponjoso, sanguinolento, com secreção purulenta na região nasal, cuja evolução ocorreu em cerca de dois meses. O exame citológico revelou presença de Histoplasma capsulatum. O animal foi tratado com cetoconazol durante 20 dias, ocorrendo remissão completa dos sintomas.