Exosomes derived from human adipose mesenchymal stem cells loaded bioengineered three-dimensional amniotic membrane-scaffold-accelerated diabetic wound healing.

The occurrence of wounds and defects in the healing process is one of the main challenges in diabetic patients. Herein, we investigated whether adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs)-derived exosomes loaded bioengineered micro-porous three-dimensional amniotic membrane-scaffold (AMS) could promote healing in diabetic rats. Sixty diabetic rats were randomly allocated into the control group, exosome group, AMS group, and AMS + Exo group. On days 7, 14, and 21, five rats from each group were sampled for stereological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and tensiometrical assessments. Our results indicated that the wound closure rate, the total volumes of newly formed epidermis and dermis, the numerical densities of fibroblasts and proliferating cells, the length density blood vessels, collagen density as well as tensiometrical parameters of the healed wounds were considerably greater in the treated groups than in the control group, and these changes were more obvious in the AMS + Exo ones. Furthermore, the expression of TGF-ß, bFGF, and VEGF genes was meaningfully upregulated in all treated groups compared to the control group and were greater in the AMS + Exo group. This is while expression of TNF-α and IL-1ß, as well as cell numerical densities of neutrophils, M1 macrophages, and mast cells decreased more considerably in the AMS + Exo group in comparison with the other groups. Generally, it was found that using both AMS transplantation and ADSCs-derived exosomes has more effect on diabetic wound healing.

Exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells in combination with hyperbaric oxygen synergically alleviates spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) is a terrible non-traumatic injury that occurs after abdominal aortic occlusion and causes serious damage to neurological function. Several treatment strategies have been suggested for IR, but they were not unable to effectively improve these conditions. Herein we investigated whether exosomes derived from human placental mesenchymal stem cells (hpMSCs-Exos) in combination with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) could alleviate injury and promote recovery in IR rats. Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into five equal groups. In addition to the control group that only underwent laparotomy, IR animals were planned into four groups as follows: IR group; IR-Exos group; IR-HBO group; and IR-Exos + HBO group. Neurological function evaluated before, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after injury. After the last neurological evaluation, tissue samples were obtained for stereological, biochemical, and molecular assessments. Our results indicated that the neurological function scores (MDI), the numerical density of neurons, the levels of antioxidative factors (GSH, SOD, and CAT), and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) were considerably greater in treatment groups than in the IR group, and these changes were more obvious in the IR-Exos + HBO ones. This is while the numerical density of glial cells, the levels of an oxidative factor (MDA) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, TNF-α, and IL-18), as well as the expression of an apoptotic protein (caspase-3) were meaningfully decreased in treatment groups, especially IR-Exos + HBO group, compared to the IR group. Generally, it was found that co-administration of hpMSCs-Exos and HBO has synergistic neuroprotective effects in the rats undergoing IR.