Pulmonary microvascular metastases in cervical carcinoma: A case series.

Pulmonary microvascular tumor embolism (PMTE), pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM), and lymphangitis carcinomatosis (LC) have an intricate pathophysiology and usually occur with cancers of breast, stomach, and lung. Microvascular pulmonary metastases attributable to cervical cancer are a rarity. Clinical presentation and autopsy findings of patients with microvascular pulmonary metastases in cervical cancers were studied with a review of literature. Four patients (mean age of 55.5 years) with carcinoma cervix showed microvascular metastases. Three of whom presented with respiratory symptoms, and the fourth case was unresponsive on presentation. Each patient succumbed to their illness shortly after admission. Autopsy examination performed on each patient depicted varying combination of PMTE, PTTM, and LC, all with squamous histology. This case series highlights the rare association of carcinoma cervix with the aforementioned microvascular phenomena. Besides, it underscores the sequential mechanism of occurrence of microvascular pulmonary metastasis and the associated guarded prognosis.

Ultrasonographic Features of Ulnar Nerve Affected by Hansen's Disease.

Leprosy continues to be a major public health problem in some areas of our country. It predominantly afflicts peripheral nerves and skin and may lead to deformities. Social stigma as a result of deformities further plagues the situation. Prompt and early diagnosis coupled with adequate treatment, concurrent rehabilitative strategies if deformities do occur, and health education help to control the problem. Definitive diagnosis of leprosy has traditionally been based on assessment of slit skin smears (SSS) after AFB-staining and characteristic histopathology after biopsyof the lesion. However, recently, thickening of the peripheral nerves has been demonstrated by ultrasonography and this can be used as a sensitive tool to assess and measure enlargement of peripheral nerves, which are hallmarks for leprosy especially in clinical settings. In this report, the ultrasonographic findings of ulnar nerve enlargement due to leprosy in a fourteen-year-old male patient are described.