RESUMO
The objective was to evaluate the factors affecting the occurrence of bovine demodecosis from the clinical aspects of injuries, blood profile, and the correlation with weight gain and the season of the year in Sindhi-breed animal management in a tropical environment. Thirty-three Sindhi-breed animals were used: 23 females and 10 males. Clinical examination diagnosed that 90% of the examined animals presented skin lesions characteristic of bovine demodecosis caused by Demodex bovis (P < 0.05). The Sindhi presented a higher fecal parasite egg count and showed a lower body weight gain in the rainy season and a greater weight loss in the drought season (P < 0.05), medium injury predominating, with no effect of sex (P > 0.05). During the drought season, animals clinically infected with bovine demodecosis presented lower red blood cell and platelet counts and total plasma protein, and higher mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, a blood count typical of regenerative macrocytic anemia (P < 0.05). During the rainy season of the year (April to June), the animals showed greater weight gain, but a higher fecal parasite egg count with no effect on the incidence of bovine demodecosis. Infection by gastrointestinal nematodes negatively influenced body weight gain and demodecosis in the animals.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Infestações por Ácaros/veterinária , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bovinos/sangue , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Feminino , Incidência , Masculino , Infestações por Ácaros/epidemiologia , Infestações por Ácaros/parasitologia , Prevalência , Estações do AnoRESUMO
This study evaluated, for the first time, the genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from free-range chickens from the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. Tissue samples from 33 chickens from properties in five municipalities of Paraíba (Esperança, Olho d'Água, Malta, Monteiro, and Patos) were bioassayed in mice. The brains of mice infected with T. gondii cysts were used for DNA extraction and genotyping. Genotyping was performed using 11 PCR-RFLP markers and 15 microsatellite (MS) markers. Complete genotyping results were obtained for 29 isolates, with nine genotypes detected by RFLP and 15 genotypes identified by MS. Three genotypes (#273, #274, and #277) have only been recently identified from pigs in the region. Brazilian clonal types BrII and BrIII were identified from one isolate each. Clonal types I, II, and III were not detected by RFLP. Genotype #13 (Caribbean 1), detected in 48.3% (14/29) of isolates from four of the five municipalities investigated, was the most prevalent genotype in the state of Paraíba. However, the MS analysis showed that of these 14 isolates, only four were unique genotypes, and considering the distance between the municipalities from where they were collected, it is possible that only seven are independent isolates while the others are clones. The other genotypes were restricted to different microregions. The results indicate that the Caribbean 1 lineage of T. gondii is circulating widely in Northeast Brazil. The genotypic diversity of T. gondii in the state of Paraíba is high, and microsatellite analysis revealed this diversity with higher resolution than PCR-RFLP.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasmose Animal/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Camundongos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Suínos , Toxoplasma/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range chickens in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. For this, blood samples were collected from 483 chickens in five municipalities in the state of Paraíba. The indirect immunofluorescence assay for anti-T. gondii antibodies was performed. The seropositive birds were slaughtered, and their brains and hearts were collected in order to perform a bioassay in mice. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied on the smallholdings visited, and univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were used to evaluate risk factors. The prevalence of chickens seropositive for T. gondii was found to be 31.5 % (152/483), and 86.1 % (56/65) of the smallholdings were positive. Among the 71 chickens subjected to bioassaying in mice, isolates of T. gondii were obtained from 33 (46.5 %). The isolates were named TgCkBrPB1 to 33. It was observed that the higher the chickens' antibody titer was, the greater the chance of isolating the parasite also was. Sixteen of the 33 isolates (48.5 %) were lethal for all the mice inoculated until 30 days post-inoculation. The risk factors for infection with T. gondii among these free-range chickens were extensive and semi-extensive rearing systems, smallholdings located in urban areas, and presence of cats. The results indicate that the prevalence of T. gondii among chickens in the state of Paraíba is high. Many parasites remained viable in the tissues of the birds studied, and presence of the protozoan was directly related to the management of these birds.
Assuntos
Galinhas/parasitologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose/transmissão , Animais , Encéfalo/parasitologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Gatos , Feminino , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Genótipo , Coração/parasitologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Toxoplasmose/parasitologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/parasitologia , ZoonosesRESUMO
Gastrointestinal helminthiasis represents an obstacle to goat raising, causing severe damage to herds such as growth retardation, weight loss, and even death. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated to goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis in the Sertão region of Paraíba State, Brazil. A total of 256 goats from 54 farms were systematically sampled. Blood and fecal samples were collected from each animal for egg per gram (EPG), larval culture, and packed cell volume (PCV) analyses. We found that 79.3% of the goats investigated were parasitized with gastrointestinal helminths. Significant correlation (p = 0.004) was observed between the EPG and PCV of the animals studied, and it was observed that the EPG increases as the PCV decreases. In the larval culture, the most prevalent helminth was Haemonchus sp. (83.2%). Age and sex were significant variables (p ≤ 0.20) for the development of gastrointestinal helminths: 86.8% of animals over 36 months of age and 81.7% of females were infected. The variable type of animal exploitation was also significant, with 90.3% (p ≤ 0.20) of the animals presenting double suitability (milk and meat). The Sertão region of Paraíba State presents high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in goats, and age and type of animal exploitation are the most relevant risk factors to the development of these parasites.
Assuntos
Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Helmintíase Animal/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Cabras , Helmintíase Animal/epidemiologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The aim of the present study was to test a pellet formulation of Monacrosporium thaumasium in a sodium alginate matrix in the biological control of goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis in a semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. An area of 2.4 ha was divided into three paddocks, with seven goats kept on each paddock, during the months of March to August 2011: group 1 received 3 g/10 kg live weight of M. thaumasium pellets (NF34a) twice a week; group 2 was given 0.2 mg/kg of 0.2 % moxidectin orally every 30 days; and group 3 received 3 g/10 kg live weight of pellets without fungus twice per week. Each month, two tracer goats was placed in each group for 30 days and then killed and necropsied. The M. thaumasium group showed a 34 % reduction in eggs per gram, higher packed cell volume rates and a lower parasitic load in the tracers compared with the other groups. The 0.2 % moxidectin group had weight gain of 5.7 kg; the M. thaumasium group, 3.6 kg; and the control group had an average reduction in weight of 1.1 kg. The use of M. thaumasium pellets may be effective as an alternative method to control goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Terapia Biológica/métodos , Doenças das Cabras/terapia , Helmintíase Animal/terapia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Compostos de Alumínio/administração & dosagem , Animais , Peso Corporal , Brasil , Clima Desértico , Portadores de Fármacos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Cabras , Helmintíase Animal/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/terapia , Masculino , Carga Parasitária , Compostos de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to verify the in vivo effectiveness of pumpkin seed (Curcubita pepo Linnaeus, 1753) in naturally infected ostriches in the Cariri zone, semiarid region of Paraíba State, Brazil. Forty-eight ostriches were used, African Black breed, of 14 to 36 months old, naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes. These animals were divided into four groups of 12 ostriches. Group 1 consists of animals treated with 0.5 g/kg live weight (l. w.) of pumpkin seed meal; group 2 received 1 g/kg l. w. of pumpkin seed meal; group 3 was treated with Albendazole 5 %, at the dosage of 1 mL/10 kg l. w.; and Group 4 was the control group and do not received treatment. Groups 1 and 2 received the treatment for three consecutive days, orally, at intervals of 7 days, totaling nine administrations. The Albendazole 5 % was administered one time, at the beginning of the experiment, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The groups treated with pumpkin seed showed a significant decrease in egg counts per gram of feces (EPG), wherein group 2 (1 g/kg l. w.) was the most effective. The control and drug groups showed no reduction in EPG. The results of the present study demonstrate that the administration of pumpkin seed was effective in controlling gastrointestinal helminths in naturally infected ostriches.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Cucurbita , Fitoterapia/métodos , Infecções por Rhabditida/veterinária , Sementes/química , Struthioniformes , Albendazol/farmacologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Animais , Brasil , Fezes/citologia , Trato Gastrointestinal/parasitologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Infecções por Rhabditida/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The effectiveness of four anthelmintic classes on cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in the semi-arid region of Paraiba State, Brazil, was evaluated. Twenty farms were used, testing 40 animals in each one, totaling 800 animals. Cattle were divided into four groups composed with ten animals: I, treated with albendazole sulfoxide 15%; II, treated with ivermectin 1%; III, treated with closantel 25%; IV, treated with levamisole hydrochloride 7.5%. All treatments were administered subcutaneously. For the Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), individual fecal samples were collected on days 0 and 14, and sent for analysis of egg count per gram of feces (EPG) and larval cultures. It was observed that multiresistance was present in 95% (19/20) of the farms. Resistance to ivermectin and albendazole was observed in 95% (19/20), to closantel in 75% (15/20) and to levamisole in 20% (4/20). The most used management system was semi-intensive (75%; 15/20) and the ivermectin was the most reported drug for controlling helminths (65%; 13/20). Haemonchus spp. was the most prevalent helminth genus. It was concluded that the anthelmintic resistance of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes is high in the semi-arid of Paraíba State, Brazil, with multiresistance observed mainly to ivermectin, albendazole and closantel.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos , Haemonchus , Nematoides , Doenças dos Ovinos , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Brasil , Bovinos , Resistência a Medicamentos , Fezes , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for C. tenuicollis among goats and sheep in slaughterhouses in Paraíba. 390 animals (195 goats and 195 sheep) in the municipalities of Patos and Esperança, Paraíba, Brazil, were inspected between February and May 2014. The prevalence of C. tenuicollis was 39% (76/195) in goats and 17.4% (34/195) in sheep. In both species, most of the cysticerci vesicles were located at the omentum and mesentery. The only risk factor found was extensive sheep farming. It can be concluded that C. tenuicollis is highly prevalent in small ruminants in Paraíba, being more prevalent in goats than in sheep. Extensively-reared sheep were twice as likely to develop infection by this parasite.
Assuntos
Cisticercose/veterinária , Cysticercus/isolamento & purificação , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cisticercose/epidemiologia , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Cabras , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate coadministration of Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium in a sodium alginate matrix for controlling gastrointestinal helminths in young and adult sheep in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. An area of 1ha was divided into two paddocks, in which two experimental groups (fungus and control) were formed, each consisting of six adult females and ten young males. In each group, two subgroups were formed in accordance with the animal category (adult or young). In the fungus group, each animal received 3g of pellets containing 0.6g of fungal mycelium, with 0.3g of D. flagrans and 0.3g of M. thaumasium for each 10 kg of body weight, in their feed twice a week, for six months. In the control group, each animal received 3g of pellets without fungus for each 10 kg of body weight, in their feed twice a week, for six months, serving as a witness group. Reductions in numbers of eggs per gram of feces of 76% among the adult sheep in the fungus group and 83% among the young sheep in the fungus group were observed, in comparison with their respective control subgroups. The groups that received these fungi needed less salvage deworming and presented better packed cell volume percentages, better weight gain and lower levels of L3/kg dry matter in their paddock than the control groups. Thus, it was concluded that coadministration of D. flagrans and M. thaumasium was effective in controlling gastrointestinal helminths of adults and young sheep in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/fisiologia , Duddingtonia/fisiologia , Helmintíase Animal/prevenção & controle , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Doenças dos Ovinos/prevenção & controle , Animais , Brasil , Microbiologia Ambiental , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Helmintos/fisiologia , Hematócrito , Larva , Masculino , Ovinos , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
Abstract The effectiveness of four anthelmintic classes on cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in the semi-arid region of Paraiba State, Brazil, was evaluated. Twenty farms were used, testing 40 animals in each one, totaling 800 animals. Cattle were divided into four groups composed with ten animals: I, treated with albendazole sulfoxide 15%; II, treated with ivermectin 1%; III, treated with closantel 25%; IV, treated with levamisole hydrochloride 7.5%. All treatments were administered subcutaneously. For the Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT), individual fecal samples were collected on days 0 and 14, and sent for analysis of egg count per gram of feces (EPG) and larval cultures. It was observed that multiresistance was present in 95% (19/20) of the farms. Resistance to ivermectin and albendazole was observed in 95% (19/20), to closantel in 75% (15/20) and to levamisole in 20% (4/20). The most used management system was semi-intensive (75%; 15/20) and the ivermectin was the most reported drug for controlling helminths (65%; 13/20). Haemonchus spp. was the most prevalent helminth genus. It was concluded that the anthelmintic resistance of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes is high in the semi-arid of Paraíba State, Brazil, with multiresistance observed mainly to ivermectin, albendazole and closantel.
Resumo Avaliou-se a eficácia de quatro classes de anti-helmínticos sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de bovinos na região semiárida da Paraíba, Brasil. Foram utilizadas 20 fazendas, sendo testados 40 animais em cada uma, totalizando 800 animais. Os bovinos foram distribuídos em quatro grupos compostos por dez animais: I, tratado com sulfóxido de albendazol 15%; II, tratado com ivermectina 1%; III, tratado com closantel 25%; IV, tratado com cloridrato de levamisole 7,5%. Para o Teste de Redução da Contagem de Ovos Fecais (TRCOF), amostras fecais individuais foram coletadas nos dias 0 e 14 e enviadas para análises de contagem de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e coproculturas. Observou-se que a multirressistência estava presente em 95% (19/20) das fazendas. Foi observada resistência à ivermectina e ao albendazol, em 95% das fazendas (19/20); ao closantel, em 75% (15/20) e, ao levamisole, em 20% (4/20). O sistema de manejo mais utilizado foi o semi-intensivo (75%; 15/20) e a ivermectina foi o fármaco mais relatado para controle de verminose (65%; 13/20). O gênero de helminto mais prevalente foi Haemonchus spp. (76,7%). Conclui-se que é alta a resistência anti-helmíntica por nematódeos gastrintestinais de bovinos no Semiárido da Paraíba, Brasil, com multirressistência observada principalmente à ivermectina, ao albendazol e ao closantel.
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças dos Ovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Haemonchus , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacologia , Nematoides , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterinária , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Resistência a Medicamentos , Bovinos , Ovinos , FezesRESUMO
In this study, we aimed to establish the prevalence and risk factors relating to gastrointestinal helminthiasis, and to characterize the sanitary management practiced among sheep herds in the Sertão region of the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, based on factors that condition the ways of controlling these parasites in these herds. The research was carried out between April and July 2012. We visited 54 farms, where fecal and blood samples were individually collected from 465 animals. On each farm, a questionnaire was applied to gather information on variables relating to potential risk factors. The prevalence of sheep gastrointestinal helminthiasis in the region was 75.9%. At least one animal tested positive for this helminthiasis on 53 (98.1%) of the 54 farms evaluated. The eggs per gram of feces (EPG) analysis showed the following infection burdens: 51.8% with mild infection, 27.1% moderate infection, 9.9% heavy infection and 11.2% fatal infection. Among the sheep farms visited, anthelmintics were used on 81.5% (p <0.05). The most relevant risk factor in this study was the farm area, because it defines the area available for grazing animals. Properties with many animals and little pasture area, which are the most abundant type in the Sertão region of Paraíba, tend to have high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis, because the animals are more prone to reinfection. The Sertão region of Paraíba presents high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis among sheep, and the farm area is the most relevant risk factor for the development of these parasites.
Assuntos
Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Helmintíase Animal/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , OvinosRESUMO
The aims of this study were to evaluate the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies, to identify associated risk factors and to isolate T. gondii from slaughtered pigs in Paraíba State, Brazil. A total of 190 pigs from public slaughterhouses were used in the study. An indirect immunofluorescence test was used to detect antibodies, and the isolation of T. gondii was performed with a bioassay in mice based on tissues from seropositive animals. A total of 50 g of brain, heart and tongue tissue from 37 positive pigs with titres ≥ 1:64 was ground, digested with acidic pepsin and inoculated into mice. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies was 19.5% (95% CI: 14.1%; 25.8%) (37/190), with titres ranging from 1:64 to 1:2048. Viable T. gondii parasites were isolated from 13 of the 37 (35.1%; 95% CI: 20.2%; 52.5%) seropositive pigs. We found that the virulence of the isolates varied; three of these isolates were able to kill all of the inoculated mice. The risk factors for infection were extensive husbandry and feeding with leftovers. The prevalence of antibodies to N. caninum in pigs was 3.2% (95% CI: 1.2%; 6.7%) (6/190), with titres ranging from 1:100 to 1:3200. None of the variables studied were considered to be risk factors for N. caninum. These results show that the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in swine is high in Paraíba State, that the percentage of viable T. gondii parasites recovered from these animals is also high and that infection by this parasite is closely related to the management of swine. Despite the low prevalence of N. caninum in pigs, further studies are necessary to determine the importance of this parasite for the species.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Camundongos , Neospora/fisiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Suínos , Toxoplasma/patogenicidade , Toxoplasma/fisiologiaRESUMO
In this study, we investigated the presence of gastrointestinal helminths in 97 captive birds (Psittaciformes and Accipitriformes) necropsied between June and December 2011 in the state of Paraiba, Brazil. Forty-three birds were infected. Psittaciformes were infected by nematode Ascaridia hermaphrodita (97.6%) and cestode Raillietina sp. (2.4%). A. hermaphrodita was found in all species of parrots and Raillietina sp. was found only in Amazona aestiva. A. hermaphrodita was the cause of death, by intestinal obstruction, in 14 of the 40 birds investigated. Accipitriformes were infected by nematode Synhimantus (Synhimantus) rectus (100%) and acantocephalan Centrorhynchus tumidulus (50%). In Brazil, Diopsittaca nobilis and A. aestiva are reported for the first time as hosts of A. hermaphrodita and Raillietina sp., respectively. We concluded that Psittaciformes and Accipitriformes in captivity are affected by nematodes, cestodes and acanthocephalans and that implementation of control measures is essential.
Assuntos
Aves/parasitologia , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Brasil , Psittaciformes/parasitologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the utilization of FAMACHA(©) method as an auxiliary strategy to use the individual identification for the selective control of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in naturally infected dairy goats. The experiment was conducted on 63 farms in the towns of Passagem, Quixabá and Cacimba de Areia, semiarid region of the Paraíba state, Brazil. Fifty animals were used on each farm, being visited tree farms per month, totaling 1800 animals, between May 2009 and April 2010. The animals received no anthelmintic treatment for at least four months prior to the farm visits. All animals were subjected to parasitological faecal collection, blood sampling for packed cell volume and the visual/selective exam of the eye colour through the FAMACHA(©) method. Larvae culture was performed in every assessment on each farm. Haemonchus sp. was the most prevalent helminth (80.1%) on larval cultures. The use of this method allowed a reduction of 79.2% on anthelmintic application in dairy goats. The FAMACHA(©) method proved to be a viable auxiliary strategy to control gastrointestinal helminthiasis of dairy goats from a resource-poor area in the semiarid region of the Paraíba state, Northeastern Brazil.
Assuntos
Anemia/veterinária , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Doenças das Cabras/diagnóstico , Hemoncose/veterinária , Haemonchus/isolamento & purificação , Anemia/diagnóstico , Anemia/parasitologia , Anemia/prevenção & controle , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Cor de Olho , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Cabras/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Doenças das Cabras/prevenção & controle , Cabras , Hemoncose/diagnóstico , Hemoncose/prevenção & controle , Haemonchus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hematócrito/veterinária , Larva , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/veterináriaRESUMO
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as condições físicas e higiênico sanitárias dos principais abatedouros da Paraíba. Foram visitados 66 estabelecimentos distribuídos em 65 municípios. Em cada abatedouro foi aplicado um questionário acerca dos procedimentos de matança, uso de equipamentos, formas de abate, instalações e aspectos higiênicos sanitários dos estabelecimentos. Em 65,2% (43/66) foi observado a ausência do médico veterinário durante os procedimentos de abate. A maioria dos estabelecimentos eram localizados em zona urbana. Os pisos e revestimento das paredes apresentavam péssimo estado de conservação. Em nenhum abatedouro foi observada a utilização de todos os Equipamentos de Proteção Individual recomendados para os manipuladores de alimentos. Verificou-se que 68,1% (21/66) dos abatedouros visitados encontravam-se em péssimas condições de higiene e que as práticas de abate humanitário não ocorriam em 86,4% (57/66) dos estabelecimentos em que abatiam-se bovinos. Já para a realização do abate de suínos caprinos e ovinos em nenhum estabelecimento eram utilizados métodos humanitários de insensibilização, todos os abatedouros utilizavam a marreta. Sendo assim, concluiu-se que as condições físicas e higiênico-sanitárias dos abatedouros da Paraíba proporciona riscos à qualidade da carne, à saúde dos funcionários dos abatedouros e da população que consome os produtos provenientes desses estabelecimentos. Por isso, medidas de incentivo a adequação desses abatedouros às normas vigentes devem ser realizadas o mais rápido possível.
Assuntos
Animais , Matadouros , Perfis SanitáriosRESUMO
Abstract This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for C. tenuicollis among goats and sheep in slaughterhouses in Paraíba. 390 animals (195 goats and 195 sheep) in the municipalities of Patos and Esperança, Paraíba, Brazil, were inspected between February and May 2014. The prevalence of C. tenuicollis was 39% (76/195) in goats and 17.4% (34/195) in sheep. In both species, most of the cysticerci vesicles were located at the omentum and mesentery. The only risk factor found was extensive sheep farming. It can be concluded that C. tenuicollis is highly prevalent in small ruminants in Paraíba, being more prevalent in goats than in sheep. Extensively-reared sheep were twice as likely to develop infection by this parasite.
Resumo Objetivou-se determinar a prevalência e os fatores de riscos de C. tenuicollis em caprinos e ovinos nos matadouros da Paraíba. Foram inspecionados 390 animais (195 caprinos e 195 ovinos) nos municípios de Patos e Esperança, Paraíba, Brasil, no período de Fevereiro a Maio de 2014. A prevalência de C. tenuicollis em caprinos foi de 39% (76/195) e em ovinos de 17,4% (34/195). Os locais mais acometidos por C. tenuicollis nas duas espécies foram o omento e o mesentério. O único fator de risco encontrado foi a produção extensiva de ovinos. Pode-se concluir que é alta a prevalência de C. tenuicollis em pequenos ruminantes no Estado da Paraíba, sendo mais prevalente na espécie caprina; e que ovinos criados de forma extensiva apresentam duas vezes mais riscos de contrais a infecção por este parasita.
Assuntos
Animais , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Cisticercose/veterinária , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Cysticercus/isolamento & purificação , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cisticercose/epidemiologia , Cabras , Ovinos , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Prevalência , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to test a pellet formulation in a sodium alginate matrix of Duddingtonia flagrans in the biological control of goat gastrointestinal helminths kept in a native pasture in a semi-arid region of Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil. An area of 2.4 ha was divided into three paddocks, where groups of seven goats ware formed. Each group received the following treatments during the months of March to August 2011: D. flagrans group, received 3g of pellets containing D. flagrans (AC001) for each 10 kg/l.w., twice a week; Moxidectin 0.2% group, received 0.2mg/kg of Moxidectin 0.2% orally, every 30 days; Control group, received 3g of pellets without fungi per 10 kg/l.w., twice a week. Each month, a tracer goat was placed in each group for 30 days and then sacrificed and necropsied. The D. flagrans group showed a greater reduction in EPG, increased weight gain, higher rates of packed cell volume and lower parasitic load burden in the tracer goats compared to Moxidectin 0.2% and Control groups. D. flagrans was efficient in controlling goat gastrointestinal helminthiasis in a semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil.
Assuntos
Duddingtonia/fisiologia , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Doenças das Cabras/parasitologia , Helmintíase Animal/terapia , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Alginatos/química , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Clima , Fezes/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/terapia , Ácido Glucurônico/química , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Cabras , Helmintíase Animal/epidemiologia , Ácidos Hexurônicos/química , Masculino , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Studies on the parasitic fauna of migratory sea birds of the Puffinus genus are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify parasites of 16 specimens of Puffinus puffinus (Procellariiformes, Procellariidae) that died during the period of June 2011 to December 2011 at the Wildlife Screening Center (CETAS) of the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Natural Resources (IBAMA) in Cabedelo, Paraíba. During necropsy, biting lice and/or gastrointestinal helminths were collected in seven (43.7 %) birds. Lice were collected in five (31.2 %) birds, and the species identified were Halipeurus diversus, Trabeculus aviator, Austromenopon paululum), Saemundssonia sp. and Naubates sp. The prevalence of helminths was also 31.2 %. The nematodes species were Seuratia shipleyi and Contracaecum sp., and cestodes were Tetrabothrius sp. This is the first record in Brazil of Naubates sp., Seuratia shipleyi, Contracaecum sp., and Tetrabothrius sp. in Puffinus puffinus.
Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Cestoides/isolamento & purificação , Nematoides/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Ftirápteros/classificação , Animais , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Aves , Brasil , Cestoides/classificação , Cestoides/fisiologia , Feminino , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Masculino , Nematoides/classificação , Nematoides/fisiologia , Ftirápteros/fisiologiaRESUMO
RESUMO A promoção de saúde requer um trabalho com abordagens preventivas, educacionais, curativas e de controle da saúde pelo próprio indivíduo, sendo a motivação e a transformação social por meio da conscientização as únicas propostas viáveis para a diminuição das doenças bucais. O objetivo deste programa foi promover a saúde de forma ampla, atingindo vários atores sociais, e trabalhar a autonomia e a modificação de hábitos essenciais para alterações no fenômeno saúde-doença. Foi desenvolvido na rede pública de ensino do município de Patos (PB), com a participação de três eixos – a família, os educadores e as crianças –, tendo como ações as práticas de promoção e educação em saúde, análise do nível de conhecimento em saúde bucal, realização de tratamento restaurador atraumático, além de cursos de capacitação em saúde bucal para educadores e agentes comunitários de saúde. O projeto teve aceitação por todos os eixos assistidos e alcançou como resultado a melhoria nos níveis de saúde bucal e a criação de agentes multiplicadores de saúde, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da autonomia e integralidade em saúde.
ABSTRACT Health promotion requires individuals to work with preventive, educational, curative and health control approaches, with motivation and social transformation through raising awareness being the only feasible proposals for reducing oral disease. The objective of this program was to broadly promote health, engaging various social actors and to develop autonomy and modify habits that are essential to changes in health and disease. It was developed in the municipal schools of the city of Patos, on three fronts: family, teachers and children, and involved practices to promote health education, analysis of the level of oral health knowledge, and the provision of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment, and oral health training courses for educators and Community Health Agents. The project was accepted by all the groups who attended and achieved the result of improving levels of oral health and creating health multipliers, thus contributing to the development of autonomous and comprehensive health care.
RESUMO
In this study, we aimed to establish the prevalence and risk factors relating to gastrointestinal helminthiasis, and to characterize the sanitary management practiced among sheep herds in the Sertão region of the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, based on factors that condition the ways of controlling these parasites in these herds. The research was carried out between April and July 2012. We visited 54 farms, where fecal and blood samples were individually collected from 465 animals. On each farm, a questionnaire was applied to gather information on variables relating to potential risk factors. The prevalence of sheep gastrointestinal helminthiasis in the region was 75.9%. At least one animal tested positive for this helminthiasis on 53 (98.1%) of the 54 farms evaluated. The eggs per gram of feces (EPG) analysis showed the following infection burdens: 51.8% with mild infection, 27.1% moderate infection, 9.9% heavy infection and 11.2% fatal infection. Among the sheep farms visited, anthelmintics were used on 81.5% (p <0.05). The most relevant risk factor in this study was the farm area, because it defines the area available for grazing animals. Properties with many animals and little pasture area, which are the most abundant type in the Sertão region of Paraíba, tend to have high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis, because the animals are more prone to reinfection. The Sertão region of Paraíba presents high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis among sheep, and the farm area is the most relevant risk factor for the development of these parasites.
Objetivou-se determinar a prevalência e os fatores de risco para as helmintoses gastrintestinais, caracterizando o manejo sanitário sob fatores condicionantes das formas de controle dessas parasitoses em rebanhos de ovinos da região do Sertão da Paraíba. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no período de abril a julho de 2012. Foram visitadas propriedades, utilizando-se 465 animais, sendo coletadas individualmente amostras de fezes e sangue durante as visitas. Em cada propriedade, foi aplicado questionário para a coleta de informações acerca de variáveis que atuariam como possíveis fatores de risco. Observou-se que a prevalência das helmintoses gastrintestinais de ovinos na região do Sertão da Paraíba foi de 75,9%. Pelo menos um animal foi positivo para essas helmintoses, em 53 (98,1%) das 54 propriedades avaliadas. A análise de OPG (Ovos Por Gramas de Fezes) demonstrou que 51,8% dos animais apresentaram infecção leve, 27,1% infecção moderada, 9,9% infecção pesada e 11,2% infecção fatal. A utilização de anti-helmínticos ocorreu em 81,5% das propriedades (p <0,05). O fator de risco mais relevante neste estudo foi a área da propriedade, porque delimita a área de pastejo do animal. Propriedades com muitos animais e pouca área de pastejo, que são as mais abundantes no Sertão da Paraíba, tendem a apresentar alta prevalência de helmintoses gastrintestinais, pois os animais estão mais propensos à reinfecção. A região do Sertão da Paraíba apresenta uma elevada prevalência de helmintoses gastrintestinais em ovinos, e a área das propriedades é o fator de risco mais relevante para o desenvolvimento dessas parasitoses.