May Measurement Month 2021: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Ecuador.

Arterial hypertension is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10.8 million deaths each year. Before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, cardiovascular diseases were the main cause of death in Ecuador. Hypertension is the main risk factor for the major cause of death, coronary and cerebrovascular disease. The 2021 May Measurement Month Campaign (MMM21) is a global initiative by the International Society of Hypertension aimed at raising awareness of high blood pressure (BP) and to provide a temporary solution for opportunistic screening until more systematic approaches can be established. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in May 2021 across 22 health centres in Ecuador. The average age of participants was 44.7 ± 15.8 years. Blood pressure measurement, the definition of hypertension (mean of the 2nd and 3rd BP measurements ≥ 140/90 mmHg or on medication for high BP), and statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. In total, 1326 volunteers participated in MMM21. After multiple imputation of missing BP readings, 423 (31.9%) had hypertension. Of those, 70.5% were receiving antihypertensive medication. Of individuals receiving antihypertensive medication, 50.0% had uncontrolled BP. Overall, of 423 participants with hypertension, only 35.2% had their BP controlled (<140/90 mmHg). MMM21 demonstrated a high prevalence of hypertension in Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was the largest BP screening campaign done in Ecuador thus far. The high percentage of persons untreated or with uncontrolled hypertension while on pharmacologic treatment suggests that appropriate screening can help to identify a significant number of people with elevated BP and those inadequately treated. These data should attract the attention of doctors and health care providers in Ecuador.

May Measurement Month 2019: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Ecuador.

Arterial hypertension is a growing burden worldwide, leading to over 10.8 million deaths each year. In Ecuador, it is the main risk factor for the major cause of death, coronary, and cerebrovascular disease [GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioral, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018;392:1923-1994]. The May Measurement Month Campaign in 2019 (MMM19) is a global initiative of the International Society of Hypertension aimed at raising awareness of high blood pressure (BP) and to act as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programs worldwide. A volunteer cross-sectional survey was carried out in May 2019 across 42 health centres in Ecuador. The average age was 51 (SD ±17.6) years. Blood pressure measurement, the definition of hypertension (mean of the second and third BP measurement ≥140/90 mmHg or who were medicated for high BP), and statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. In total, 15 885 volunteers participated in MMM19. After multiple imputation, 6654 (41.9%) had hypertension. Of individuals not receiving antihypertensive medication, 2383 (20.5%) were hypertensive. Of individuals receiving antihypertensive medication, 1004 (23.5%) had uncontrolled BP. May Measurement Month 2019 was the largest BP screening campaign done in Ecuador. In the survey, including 6654 participants with hypertension, only 49.1% had their BP values controlled (<140/90 mmHg). May Measurement Month 2019 demonstrated a high prevalence of hypertension among volunteer screenees in our country. The high percentage of persons untreated or with uncontrolled hypertension while on pharmacologic treatment suggest that appropriate screening can help to identify a significant number of people with high BP. These data should attract the attention of health care providers and the healthcare system in Ecuador.

Dos en uno transposición corregida de las grandes arterias o L-TGA asociado a fiebre Reumática

La transposición corregida de las gradnes arterias o L-TGA descrita hace más de un siglo , ha sido reportada en forma infrecuente en el mundo médico, en la actualidad los casos no llegan a mil. Hoy presentamos un caso de éstos que tiene la peculiaridad de asociarse a fiebre reumática caracterizada por carditis y artritis en el paciente. La válvula sistémica que puede afectarse por la L-TGA ahora está con una severa insuficiencia, probablemente secundaria a la carditis. El Dilema se presenta Cuándo será el mejor tiempo para cambio valvular, ya que el paciente está asintomático?.

Normas de diagnóstico clínico de gabinete y tratamiento del infarto agudo de miocardio y sus variantes

Se enfatiza en la importancia del cuadro clínico exámenes de laboratorio y de gabinete en el diagnóstico de la Cardiopatía Isqúémica: Angina de pecho estable y/o inestable, Infarto Agudo del Miocardio clásico y/o silente, el Síndrome Intermedio y la variante del Prinzmetal. Se analiza el cuadro clínico, la exploraciónfísica, el electrocardiograma, las isoenzimas cardiacas, la valoración por radioisótopos, la radiología, el ecocardiograma modo M, modo B, el Doppler pulsado, el cateterismo cardiaco y la angiografía. Se toma en cuenta en la conducta terapéutica, las medidas generales: analgesia y sedación, la oxigenoterapia, anticoagulacíon, la profilaxis antifibrilatoria ventricular, el manejo de la Insuficiencia Cardiaca (clasificación clínica de Killip y hemodinámica de Forrester). En Angina Inestable su concepto, etiología, diagnóstico, examen físico, ECG, Rx, ergometría, cuantificación de músculo isquémico por ecocardiografía (prueba de dipiridamol-Talio), la valoración hemodinámica por cateterismo cardíaco, el diagnóstico diferencial, y el tratamiento farmacológico y/o quirúrgico. Finalmente se analiza la Cariopatía Isquémica Crónico igualmente con sus parámetros clínicos, exploracíon física, ECG, de reposo y ejercicio, perfusión miocárdica con Talio 201, función ventricular con Tecnecio 99, el ecocardiograma, el monitoreoholter, y el tratamiento a base de nitratos, bloqueadores beta adrenérgicos, calcioantagonistas, y antiagregantes plaquetarios, enfatizando la importancia del intervencionismo radiológico: angioplastia transluminal coronaria, y/o la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica por fuentes venosas.