The associations of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers with obesity in Iranian population: MASHAD cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Low-grade inflammation and stress oxidative condition play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity, and the serum levels of these markers, such as pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and uric acid may indicate obesity progression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity with PAB, hs-CRP, and uric acid in the Iranian population. METHODS: This study was derived from the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) study. A total of 7985 subjects aged 35 to 65 years were divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI) as: normal, overweight and obese groups. Anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters such as PAB, superoxide dismutase type 1 (SOD1), hs-CRP, and uric acid were measured in all the participants. We evaluated the association of obesity with inflammatory factors by using multivariate regression analysis. Also, those participants with hypertension, an endocrine disorder, history of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus were excluded from the study. RESULTS: There was a positive significant correlation between BMI and serum PAB, hs-CRP and uric acid (p < 0.001). While no statistically significant relation was observed between BMI and SOD1 (p = 0.85). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the risk of overweight and obesity increased 1.02 and 1.03-fold according to increase 10 units of PAB raise in comparison to reference group (normal weight) [(odds ratio (OR): 1.02, 95% CI (1.01-1.03)] and [OR: 1.03, 95% CI (1.01-1.04)], respectively). In addition, hs-CRP serum concentration was significantly associated with a high risk of obesity [(OR: 1.02; 95% CI (1.01-1.03)]. While the high levels of serum uric acid were associated with increased odds of overweight and obesity risk [OR: 1.4; CI (1.39-1.58) and OR: 1.76; CI (1.63-1.89), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Generally, we showed a significant association between BMI and serum PAB, hs-CRP values and uric acid levels, suggesting the role of these factors as risk stratification factors for obesity.

Electrochemical biosensors in early leukemia detection.

Leukemia, a type of blood cancer marked by an abnormal increase in white blood cells, poses a significant challenge to healthcare. The key to successful treatment lies in early detection. However, traditional methods often fall short. This review investigates the potential of electrochemical biosensors for a more accurate and earlier diagnosis of leukemia. Electrochemical biosensors are compact devices that transform biological interactions into electrical signals. Their small size, ease of use, and minimal sample requirements make them perfectly suited for point-of-care applications. Their remarkable sensitivity and specificity enable the detection of subtle biomolecular changes associated with leukemia, which is crucial for early disease detection. This review delves into studies that have utilized these biosensors to identify various types of leukemia. It examines the roles of electrodes, biorecognition elements, and signal transduction mechanisms. The discussion includes the integration of nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped graphene into biosensor design. These materials boost sensitivity, enhance signal amplification, and facilitate multi-analyte detection, thereby providing a more holistic view of the disease. Beyond technical advancements, the review underscores the practical benefits of these biosensors. Their portability makes them a promising tool for resource-constrained settings, enabling swift diagnosis in remote areas or at a patient's bedside. The potential for monitoring treatment effectiveness and detecting minimal residual disease to prevent relapse is also explored. This review emphasizes the transformative potential of electrochemical biosensors in combating leukemia. By facilitating earlier and more accurate diagnosis, these biosensors stand to revolutionize patient care and enhance treatment outcomes.

Blood indices of inflammation and their association with hypertension in smokers: analysis using data mining approaches.

Although there have been reports on the association between smoking and increased level of inflammatory markers in hypertensive this has not been assessed prospectively in a large, modern cohort using data mining approaches. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Mashad trial which was a prospective. 2085 smokers aged 35 to 65 years was studied. Inflammatory indices measured included: Hemoglobin-Platelet Ratio (HPR), Uric acid-high Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Ratio (UHR), Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Systemic Immune Inflammation (SII) index, WBC, Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and RBC Distribution Width (RDW). The association between these parameters and smoking in hypertensive individuals was examined. Over the course of the 6-year monitoring period, 585 peoples had HTN of whom the majority was female (59%). As per the LR analysis, there was a significant association between hypertension and age, WBC, SII, PLR in female smokers, as well as age and PLR in male smokers. (p-value < 0.05). PLR (OR = 0.993, CI 95% (0.987, 0.999)) and age (1.080 (1.058, 1.102)) for male and WBC (1.340 (1.139, 1.577)) and age (1.091 (1.070, 1.113)) for female exhibits the most appropriate estimate. Using the DT model for male individuals, those with, age ≥ 64 years, and SII < 336 had the correlated with hypertension prevalence (76%). For females, those with age ≥ 62 years, WBC ≥ 6.1, and SII < 445.634 had the highest risk of HTN. Age and SII for smoker males and age and WBC for smoker females showed the strongest correlation with hypertension. Age and WBC were the most significant indicators for predicting HTN.