Evaluation of physicochemical and functional properties of spray-dried protein hydrolysate from non-penaeid shrimp (Acetes indicus).

BACKGROUND: Protein hydrolysate powder was prepared from non-penaeid shrimp (Acetes indicus) by enzymatic hydrolysis using Alcalase enzyme. Extraction conditions such as pH (6.5, 7.5 and 8.5), enzyme to substrate ratio (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0) and temperature (40, 50 and 60 °C) were optimized against the degree of hydrolysis using response surface methodology. RESULTS: Protein hydrolysate comprised of 740 g kg-1 protein, 150 g kg-1 ash and 90 g kg-1 fat contents. The amino acid score showed superior attributes with 56% essential amino acids. Furthermore, the functional properties of spray-dried protein hydrolysates were evaluated. Protein solubility was found to be the 90.20% at pH 2 and 96.92% at pH 12. Emulsifying properties were found to vary with the concentration of protein hydrolysates and the highest emulsifying capacity (26.67%) and emulsion stability (23.33%) were found at a concentration of 20 mg mL-1 . The highest and the lowest foaming capacity were observed at pH 6 and pH 10 with a concentration of 20 mg mL-1 . The water holding capacity of protein hydrolysate was found to increase with concentration, with a value of 5.4 mL g-1 at a concentration of 20 mg mL-1 . CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that the use of A. indicus for the production of protein hydrolysate has good functional properties and nutritional value, rendering it suitable for broad industrial food applications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Development of functional extruded snacks by utilizing paste shrimp (Acetes spp.): process optimization and quality evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Functional extruded snacks were prepared using paste shrimp powder (Acetes spp.), which is rich in protein. The process variables required for the preparation of extruded snacks was optimized using response surface methodology. Extrusion temperature (130-144 °C), level of Acetes powder (100-200 g kg-1 ) and feed moisture (140-200 g kg-1 ) were selected as design variables, and expansion ratio, porosity, hardness, crispness and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value were taken as the response variables. RESULTS: Extrusion temperature significantly influenced all the response variables, while Acetes inclusion influenced all variables except porosity. Feed moisture content showed a significant quadratic effect on all responses and an interactive effect on expansion ratio and hardness. Shrimp powder incorporation increased the protein and mineral content of the final product. The extruded snack made with the combination of extrusion temperature 144.59 °C, feed moisture 178.5 g kg-1 and Acetes inclusion level 146.7 g kg-1 was found to be the best one based on sensory evaluation. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that use of Acetes species for the development of extruded snacks will serve as a means of utilization of Acetes as well as being a rich source of proteins for human consumption, which would otherwise remain unexploited as a by-catch. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Development of Pangasius steaks by improved sous-vide technology and its process optimization.

The present study embarked on the objective of optimizing improved sous-vide processing condition for development of ready-to-cook Pangasius steaks with extended shelf-life using response surface methodology. For the development of improved sous-vide cooked product, Pangasius steaks were treated with additional hurdles in various combinations for optimization. Based on the study, suitable combination of chitosan and spices was selected which enhanced antimicrobial and oxidative stability of the product. The Box-Behnken experimental design with 15 trials per model was adopted for designing the experiment to know the effect of independent variables, namely chitosan concentration (X1), cooking time (X2) and cooking temperature (X3) on dependent variable i.e. TBARS value (Y1). From RSM generated model, the optimum condition for sous-vide processing of Pangasius steaks were 1.08% chitosan concentration, 70.93 °C of cooking temperature and 16.48 min for cooking time and predicted minimum value of multiple response optimal condition was Y = 0.855 mg MDA/Kg of fish. The high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.975) between the model and the experimental data showed that the model was able to efficiently predict processing condition for development of sous-vide processed Pangasius steaks. This research may help the processing industries and Pangasius fish farmer as it provides an alternative low cost technology for the proper utilization of Pangasius.

Effect of garlic extract on physical, oxidative and microbial changes during refrigerated storage of restructured product from Thai pangas (pangasianodon hypophthalmus) surimi.

The effect of garlic's aqueous extract (GAE) during refrigerated storage of the restructured products from Pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) was evaluated. Protein and lipid oxidation, protein pattern on SDS-PAGE, TPC as well as WHC, gelling properties, texture profiles and whiteness of the surimi gel was evaluated periodically during a refrigerated storage period of 20 days. Increase of water holding capacity in GAE added gels indicated stronger protein network formation, whereas, decrease of protein solubility suggested formation of protein aggregates during gelation process. Lipid oxidation decreased in treated samples but the rate of increase varied, depending upon the concentration of GAE. Protein carbonyl content increased during storage, but slow increase in treated samples. Gel strength in treated samples increased and accompanied by thickening of myofibrillar head chain. Hardness, adhesiveness and gumminess parameters affected most due to addition of GAE. Sensory analysis revealed that the RP with 1 % GAE preferred most and control was acceptable upto 12 days.

Harnessing value and sustainability: Fish waste valorization and the production of valuable byproducts.

The valorization of by-products, that are residual materials resulting from commercial product manufacturing, holds significant potential in various industries such as food, agrochemical, medical, and pharmaceutical sectors. This chapter explores the utilization of fish waste as a means to achieve sustainability in fish resources and enhance the production of profitable products. By developing cost-effective technologies, the abundant global supply of fish by-products can be transformed into low-cost sources of proteins and functional hydrolysates. This alternative approach in the food industry utilizes fish and seafood waste to generate valuable compounds with nutritional and functional properties, surpassing those found in traditional mammal products. Despite being commonly discarded, fish heads, viscera, skin, tails, blood, and seafood shells contain a wealth ofminerals, lipids, amino acids, polysaccharides, and proteins suitable for human health applications. This chapter presents an exploration of the various products and bioactive compounds that can be derived from seafood waste, contributing to a more sustainable and value-driven future.

Process optimization and evaluation of the effects of different time-temperature sous vide cooking on physicochemical, textural, and sensory characteristics of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeusvannamei).

The objective of the current study was to optimize the cook-chill conditions of high-value whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) processed using the sous vide (SV) technique and to assess the effects of various time-temperature combinations on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory qualities. For optimization, a Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach utilizing a Central Composite Design (CCD) was adopted. Optimum SV cooking conditions to acquire minimum texture (hardness) of 7235 g was 13.48 min and 81.87 °C, expressible moisture of 18.48% was 14.5 min and 84.5 °C, and cook loss of 5.58% was 5 min and 75 °C. Texture (hardness) and expressible moisture decreased while cooking loss increased with increasing time-temperature treatment. Redness and yellowness values increased (p < 0.05) with increasing SV cooking time-temperature, but lightness values were nearly consistent in all treatments. With increasing time and temperature, TBARs and total carotenoid content increased (p < 0.05). However, the TBARs values were within accepted limits and ranged from 0.05 to 0.08 mg malonaldehyde/kg. Sensory evaluation indicated that all SV cooked samples were well accepted, with overall scores ≥7. These results suggest that the SV cooking temperature and time had a substantial impact on the textural, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of shrimp. In addition, increasing time-temperature increased cooking and moisture loss, but decreased hardness and higher sensory scores made the product more acceptable to consumers.

Microcapsules of Shrimp Oil Using Kidney Bean Protein Isolate and κ-Carrageenan as Wall Materials with the Aid of Ultrasonication or High-Pressure Microfluidization: Characteristics and Oxidative Stability.

Emulsions containing shrimp oil (SO) at varying amounts were prepared in the presence of red kidney bean protein isolate (KBPI) and κ-carrageenan (KC) at a ratio of 1:0.1 (w/w). The emulsions were subjected to ultrasonication and high-pressure microfluidization to assist the encapsulation process. For each sample, ultrasonication was carried out for 15 min in continuous mode at 80% amplitude, whereas high-pressure microfluidization was operated at 7000 psi for 10 min. Ultrasonicated and microfluidized emulsions were finally spray-dried to prepare KBPI-KC-SO microcapsules. Moderate to high encapsulation efficiency (EE) ranging from 43.99 to 89.25% of SO in KPBI-KC-SO microcapsules was obtained and the microcapsules had good flowability. Particle size, PDI and zeta potential of KBPI-KC-SO microcapsules were 2.58-6.41 µm, 0.32-0.40 and -35.95--58.77 mV, respectively. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images visually demonstrated that the wall material/SO ratio and the emulsification method (ultrasonication vs microfluidization) had an impact on the size, shape and surface of the KBPI-KC-SO microcapsules. Encapsulation of SO in microcapsules was validated empirically using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Encapsulation of SO in KBPI-KC microcapsules imparted superior protection against oxidative deterioration of SO as witnessed by the higher retention of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and astaxanthin when compared to unencapsulated SO during extended storage at room temperature.

Effect of high pressure and setting condition on physico-chemical, structural and functional characteristics of transglutaminase mediated fish gels.

Application of High pressure and low temperature setting condition on microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) mediated gelation was studied against conventional cooking in pink perch mince. A high pressure of 250 MPa was given to pink perch mince samples added with and without MTGase enzyme, for a holding time of 12 min and a setting condition of 25 °C for 30 min was given prior and after the treatments. Nine random experiments (T1 to T9) were made against high pressure and cooking and analysed its textural and functional properties. Addition of MTGase and setting conditions had significant effect on the textural properties of the both samples especially in inducing the gel strength. Reduction in total and reactive sulfhydryl groups observed was due to the formation of disulfide linkages, which was found more in T6 to T9. Setting condition had significant effect on protein hydrophobicity in both pressure and heat induced gels. No significant variation in the Ca2+-ATPase enzyme activity was observed among treatments. SEM images revealed more closed and dense fibrous network in samples with enzyme (T6 to T9), due to more protein polymerisation. So MTGase enzyme along with pressure treatment enhanced the conformational stability and produce stronger networks through the formation of non sulfide bonds between proteins and setting reinforced these networks. Hence the synergistic effect of high pressure and MTGase can enhance the textural and functional properties of fish gels, when compared with the conventional cooking.

Performance evaluation of a selective-enrichment-isolation protocol for Salmonella enterica from seafood.

In this study using 57 finfish samples of marine origin, selective enrichment in Rappaport-Vassiliadis (RV) broth followed by isolation on the Hektoen enteric agar (HEA) yielded 50 (53.2%) of 94 isolates. The results suggest RV-HEA as the most suitable media combination for the recovery of Salmonella from tropical seafood.

Functionality of chitosan in batter formulations for coating of fish sticks: Effect on physicochemical quality.

Chitosan is a natural polymer having diverse applications in food industry. The present study was undertaken to evaluate chitosan as a hydrocolloid in batter composition in developing enrobed fish sticks with better functional properties and improved quality. Different concentrations of chitosan gel were made in acetic acid medium and incorporated into batter for making enrobed fish sticks. Coating parameters, fat uptake, oil reduction, chemical quality parameters, instrumental texture analysis and colour were studied. Addition of chitosan gel had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the coating pickup, adhesion degree and cooking yield of the product. Total volatile basic nitrogen, pH, lipid oxidation parameters like peroxide value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances of par-fried fish sticks also showed significant differences. The oil reduction in par-fried samples were 36.84, 65.05, 73.83, 77.65% respectively for 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0% chitosan added samples. Addition of chitosan significantly reduced crispness, gumminess, Warner-Bratzler shear force and toughness (P<0.05) of the product. The study clearly demonstrated that the inclusion of chitosan at 1.0% in batter can improve functional and other quality aspects of enrobed products.