Hemoperitoneo secundario a la ruptura espontánea de una variz uterina en una paciente con embarazo a término: reporte de un caso y revisión bibliográfica / Hemoperitoneum secondary to spontaneous rupture of a uterine varice in a patient with a full-term pregnancy: A case report and literature review

Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: La ruptura de una variz útero-ovárica durante el embarazo es un evento poco frecuente, pero con importantes implicaciones en la morbilidad y mortalidad materna y neonatal. Puede acontecer en cualquier momento del embarazo, aunque su frecuencia se incrementa en el tercer trimestre y durante el parto. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 32 años, con 39 semanas de embarazo, en control prenatal, sin contratiempos, que acudió al servicio de Urgencias debido a un dolor abdominal generalizado e intenso, de dos horas de evolución. A la exploración física se encontraron: hipotensión, taquicardia y anemia moderada; hemoglobina de 8.9 g/dL y hematócrito de 35%. La evaluación fetal reportó: taquicardia y posterior bradicardia. Se decidió finalizar el embarazo por cesárea urgente, donde se objetivó hemoperitoneo de aproximadamente 1 L y sangrado activo procedente de la ruptura de un vaso en la parte posterior de la pared uterina que se suturó con puntos dobles. El desenlace materno y neonatal fue favorable. CONCLUSIONES: La rotura de las várices útero-ováricas puede originarse por hemoperitoneo masivo y resultar en consecuencias graves para la madre y el feto. La sospecha diagnóstica y la laparotomía de urgencia son decisivas para cohibir el sangrado y lograr un desenlace materno y fetal satisfactorios.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The rupture of an utero-ovarian varicose vein during pregnancy is an infrequent event but it can have important implications for maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It can occur at any time during pregnancy, although its frequency is increased in the third trimester and during labor. CLINICAL CASE: A single gestation of 39 weeks, with regular monitoring without incidents, who went to the emergency department for intense and generalized abdominal pain of two hours of evolution. The patient presented hypotension and tachycardia and moderate anemia with a hemoglobin of 8.9 g/dL and a hematocrit of 35%. Fetal monitoring showed fetal tachycardia with decreased variability and subsequent bradycardia. It was decided to end the pregnancy by an urgent caesarean section where a hemoperitoneum of approximately 1 liter was observed. As well, and active bleeding resulting from the rupture of a posterior uterine wall vein was noted and controlled with hemostatic sutures. The maternal and neonatal results were favorable. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous rupture of utero-ovarian varicose veins can be the cause of massive hemoperitoneum and can maternal and fetal serious consequences. A promptly suspected diagnosis and an urgent laparotomy are vital to restrain bleeding and achieve a good maternal and fetal result.

Enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica: un reto en el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz / Pelvic inflammatory disease: a challenge in the early diagnosis and treatment

Actualizar los datos disponibles en referencia a la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica para poder unificar criterios diagnósticos y terapéuticos y así minimizar las complicaciones que a corto y/o largo plazo puedan derivar. Método: Revisión de la literatura en Pubmed atendiendo sobre todo a las guías clínicas más actualizadas y ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Resultados: La enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica es un cuadro infeccioso común entre las mujeres en edad fértil. Su mecanismo de transmisión más frecuente es la vía sexual y comparte factores de riesgo con otras enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Su diagnóstico, que es clínico, puede ser complejo y las formas subclínicas pueden pasar en ocasiones inadvertidas. Generalmente se puede comenzar con un tratamiento médico ambulatorio siguiendo las pautas recomendadas, y si la paciente no mejora o presenta un cuadro grave de inicio se indicará ingreso hospitalario y tratamiento médico endovenoso, reservando la cirugía para aquellos casos rebeldes en que fracasen los pasos anteriores. Conclusión: Es imprescindible reconocer esta entidad e instaurar el tratamiento antibiótico precoz, un retraso en el tratamiento adecuado, puede incrementar las secuelas inflamatorias a corto y largo plazo.

Update the pelvic inflammatory disease to standardize diagnostic and therapeutic criteria and to minimize its complications in the short and/or long term. Method: Search in Pubmed with especial attention to clinical guidelines and randomized clinical trials. Results: Pelvic inflammatory disease is a common infectious condition among women of fertile age. Its mechanism is the most common sexually transmitted shared risk factors and other sexually transmitted disease. Its clinical diagnosis can be complex and subclinical forms can sometimes go unnoticed. Usually it's indicated to start with medical treatment following the recommended guidelines, and if the patient does not improve or has a severe case, hospitalization and intravenous medical treatment is indicated, reserving surgery for those cases in which fail the above steps. Conclusion: It is essential to recognize this entity and establish early antibiotic treatment, so that a delay in appropriate antibiotic treatment, can lead to an increase in inflammatory short and long term sequelae.

[Follicular mycosis fungoides, comedo-like and cystic]. / Micosis fungoide folicular, comedoniana y quística.

Follicular mycosis fungoides is an infrequent variant of mycosis fungoides. It has classically been defined by the presence of an atypical lymphoid infiltrate around and in the follicular epithelium with little or no epidermotropism, and no follicular mucin deposits. The fact that there are cases with epidermal involvement and/or follicular mucinosis means that some uniform diagnostic criteria are necessary. We describe two cases of follicular mycosis fungoides with follicular mucinosis and with varying degrees of associated epidermotropism.

[Cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma of the leg]. / Linfoma cutáneo de células grandes B de las piernas.

Large B-cell lymphoma of the leg (LBCLL) accounts for 2 % of primary cutaneous lymphomas, and the EORTC considers it to be of intermediate prognosis. It usually presents in elderly patients, and manifests clinically as erythematous nodules or tumors, often unilateral, on the lower third of the legs. On rare occasions, it presents with extracutaneous dissemination. We present the case of a 77-year-old male who consulted his physician because of an asymptomatic indurated erythematous papule which had appeared one month earlier on his left leg and had quickly and progressively increased in size. Concurrently, other similar lesions had been appearing on the thigh and back of the same leg. Histological analysis detected a large cell lymphoid infiltrate positive for CD20 and bcl-2 throughout the dermis. The extension study was normal. The patient was treated with an intravenous infusion of rituximab for four consecutive weeks, with full remission of the lesions.