RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Cisplatin ototoxicity affects 42-88% of treated children. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and AYCP2 genetic variants have been associated with ototoxicity, but the findings have been contradictory. The aims of the study were as follows: (a) to investigate these associations in a carefully phenotyped cohort of UK children and (b) to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We recruited 149 children from seven UK centres using a retrospective cohort study design. All participants were clinically phenotyped carefully. Genotyping was performed for one ACYP2 (rs1872328), three TPMT (rs12201199, rs1142345 and rs1800460) and two COMT (rs4646316 and rs9332377) variants. RESULTS: For CTCAE grading, hearing loss was present in 91/120 (75.8%; worst ear) and 79/120 (65.8%; better ear). Using Chang grading, hearing loss was diagnosed in 85/119 (71.4%; worst ear) versus 75/119 (63.0%; better ear). No TPMT or COMT single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were associated with ototoxicity. ACYP2 SNP rs1872328 was associated with ototoxicity (P=0.027; worst ear). Meta-analysis of our data with that reported in previous studies showed the pooled odds ratio (OR) to be statistically significant for both the COMT SNP rs4646316 (OR: 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.15-1.95) and the ACYP2 SNP rs1872328 (OR: 5.91; 95% confidence interval: 1.51-23.16). CONCLUSION: We showed an association between the ACYP2 polymorphism and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, but not with the TPMT and COMT. A meta-analysis was statistically significant for both the COMT rs4646316 and the ACYP2 rs1872328 SNPs. Grading the hearing of children with asymmetric hearing loss requires additional clarification.
Assuntos
Hidrolases Anidrido Ácido/genética , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Catecol O-Metiltransferase/genética , Cisplatino/efeitos adversos , Perda Auditiva/diagnóstico , Metiltransferases/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Perda Auditiva/induzido quimicamente , Perda Auditiva/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Estudos Retrospectivos , Reino UnidoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: We report a very rare case of methaemoglobinaemia associated with glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, complicating a respiratory illness in a preterm neonate. This neonate had consistently low saturation readings despite being ventilated at moderately high pressures in 100% oxygen. An arterial blood gas confirmed a high methaemoglobin level and a high pO2, inconsistent with the saturations. In addition, the bilirubin increased to exchange levels and was difficult to control with quadruple phototherapy. A double volume exchange transfusion was performed, which reduced both bilirubin and methaemoglobin. The pulse oximetry then started to correlate well with pO2. G6PD deficiency was confirmed. CONCLUSION: Paediatricians should remember that methaemoglobinaemia is a rare but important cause of persistently low saturations, and exchange transfusion is a reliable treatment for this condition.
Assuntos
Deficiência de Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/complicações , Metemoglobinemia/complicações , Oxigênio/sangue , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/etiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Transfusão Total , Humanos , Hiperbilirrubinemia/terapia , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Masculino , Oxigênio/administração & dosagem , Fototerapia , Respiração ArtificialRESUMO
Rhabdomyolysis secondary to bacterial infection has only rarely been investigated, and there are case reports of the same mainly in adults. This article describes the first reported case of rhabdomyolysis in a child secondary to Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. A 12-year-old child presented with myalgia, pyrexia and dark urine and was found to have infective endocarditis due to S. aureus.